使役動(dòng)詞的用法_詳解

1、使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞1. 使役動(dòng)詞是表示 使、令、讓、幫、叫 等意義的不完全及物動(dòng)詞 ，主要有 leave.get.keep.make（ 使,令），let（ 讓），help（ 幫助），have（ 有；讓；從 事；允許；拿）等。2. 使役動(dòng)詞后接受詞，再接原形不定詞作受詞補(bǔ)語。接賓語時(shí)，人稱代詞用賓格。He made me（賓格）laugh.他使我發(fā)笑。I let him go.我讓他走開。I helped him repair the car.我?guī)退蘩砥嚒lease have him come here.請叫他到這里來。3. 使役動(dòng)詞還可以接過去分詞作受詞補(bǔ)語。I have my hair

2、cut every mon th.我每個(gè)月理發(fā)。4. 使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的受詞補(bǔ)語用 不定詞，不用原形不定詞。（主）He made me laugh.他使我笑了。（被）1 was made to laugh by him.我被他逗笑了。使役動(dòng)詞有以下用法：a. have somebody do sth 讓某人去做某事I had him arrange for a car.b. have somebody doing sth. 讓某人持續(xù)做某事。He had us laugh ing all through lun ch.注意：用于否定名時(shí)，表示“允許”i won't have you

3、running around in the house.我不允許你在家里到處亂跑。小議“使役動(dòng)詞”的用法1. have sb do讓某人干某事e.g:What would you have me do?have sb/sth doi ng讓某人或某事處于某種狀態(tài)，聽任e.g: I won't have wome n work ing in our compa ny. The two cheats had the light bur ning all ni ght long.have sth done讓別人干某事，遭受到e.g:you 'd better have your te

4、eth pulled out.He had his pocket picked.notes: "d one"這個(gè)動(dòng)作不是主語發(fā)出來的。2. make sb do sth 讓某人干某事e.g:They made me repeat the story.What makes the grass grow?no tes: I was made to repeat the story.make sb/sthdon e/adj./ne.g. The n ews made him happy.He could n't make himselfheard above the no

5、 ise of the traffic.His actions made him uni versallyrespected.He made her his wife.3. get sb to do使某人干某事e.g: I can't get anyone to do the work properly.get sth done讓別人干某事e.g: I must get my haircut .Can you get the work fini shed in time?4.1 eave sb to do sth 讓某人干某事e.g: We left him to paint the

6、gate.r II leave you to settle all the bus in ess.leave sbdoi ng讓繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)e.g: Don't leave herwait ing outside in the rain.We left him pain ti ng the gate.leave sth don e/adj./prep.phrasee.g:Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered .His illness has left himweak .I was left

7、with a ray of hope.使役性動(dòng)詞(Causative Verb )1. make /have/ let +sb +do sth.2. get/set/leave + sb to do/do ing sth.不完全及物動(dòng)詞不完全及物動(dòng)詞1. 不完全及物動(dòng)詞是除要有受詞外，還需要受詞補(bǔ)語以補(bǔ)足其意義的及物動(dòng)詞。【參見與格動(dòng)詞，完全及物動(dòng)詞】2. 由不完全及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的句型一般為：主詞+不完全及物動(dòng)詞 +受詞+受詞補(bǔ)語。His mother n amed him Tommy.他母親叫他湯米。Tommy是受詞補(bǔ)語，若沒有這個(gè)字，這句話的意思就不完整，因此named 是不完全及物動(dòng)詞。不

8、完全不及物動(dòng)詞其實(shí)就是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，雖有意義，但不完全，需要加名詞、形容詞、代名詞等作主詞補(bǔ)語以補(bǔ)足其意義。聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞按其含義可以分為二類。類型1:表示狀態(tài)和狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，如：be（是）,seem（似乎），look（看起來）,appear（似乎）,feel（覺得）,sound（聽起 來）,smell（聞起來）,taste（嘗起 來）,keep（保持）,remain（保持）,stand（站立）, lie（躺）,stay（停留）等。類型2:表示從一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài)，如：become（變成）,go（變得）,get（變得）,turn（變成）,grow（變成）,fall（變成某 種狀態(tài)）,come（成為）

9、,run（變成）等。值得注意的是：聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)式。及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的用法比較1）及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做及物動(dòng)詞（transitive verb）。如：I believe that the committee will con sider our suggesti on.我相信委員會(huì)將會(huì)考慮我們的建議。“ How long can I keep the book ?” Harry as哈里l問：這本書我可以借多久？”Dr. Bethu ne set us a good example.白求恩大夫給我們樹立了好榜樣。Crude oil contains many

10、useful substances. 原油含有許多有用的物質(zhì)。2）不及物動(dòng)詞本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，叫做不及物 動(dòng)詞（intransitive verb）。如：Birds fly.鳥會(huì)飛。It happened in June 1932.這件事發(fā)生于一九三；年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的會(huì)上發(fā)了 言。3）兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞英語里有不少實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可以兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。這樣的動(dòng)詞又有兩種不同的情況：a）兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意義不變。試比較：S

11、hall I begin at onee?我可以立刻開始嗎 ？（begin作不及物動(dòng)詞）She bega n worki ng as a libraria n after she left school.她畢業(yè)后當(dāng)圖書館管理員。（began作及物動(dòng)詞）When did they leave Chicago?他們是什么時(shí)候離開芝加哥的？（leave作及物動(dòng)詞）They left last week.他們是上周離開的。（left作不及物動(dòng)詞）b）兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有時(shí)意義不盡相同。如：Wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手。Does this cloth w

12、ash well? 這布經(jīng)得起洗嗎 ？4）與漢語的比較有時(shí)英語動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物的用法，與漢語的用法不一樣，請注意下列兩種情況：a）有的動(dòng)詞在英語里只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞，而漢語則可用作及物動(dòng)詞，如arrive到達(dá)，agree同意，1isten聽。英語里這些動(dòng)詞后面常接介詞。如：We arrived at the railway station at noon.我們于中午至U達(dá)火車站。（at 不能省去）（比較： We reached the railway station at noon.）Everybody liste ned to the lecture with great in teres

13、t.每個(gè)人都很有興趣地聽講課。（to 不可省去）（比較： We all heard the lecture.）Do they agree to the plan?他們同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃嗎 ？（to不可省去）b）有的動(dòng)詞在英語里能用作及物動(dòng)詞，而在漢語里則不能用作及物動(dòng) 詞，如serve為服務(wù)。Our childre n are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我們的兒童被教以全心全意為人民服務(wù)（一）have使，讓，不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài).have + 賓語 +do ne（1）叫、讓、請，致使別人做某事，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是主語也不是賓語而是別人。（強(qiáng) 調(diào)主觀的

14、意志，即主語的意志致使某事發(fā)生或被做到） I ' ll have my bike repaired thisafter noon.今天下午我要請人修自行車。 I have my hair cut every mon th.我每個(gè)月都理發(fā)。表示主觀意志的have也可以用get代替，例如： Where can I get （have） this printed?我在哪里能（找人）把這份東西打印出來呢？（2）遭遇不幸事件（與主觀意志完全無關(guān)）他的錢包在火車站不幸遭竊。He had his wallet stolen at the station. He has his leg broken

15、in a fall.他的腿摔斷了。2. have +賓語+do 讓做某事，動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者為賓語 He had her go there.他讓她去那兒。.在你們來之前，我 I have my childre n clea n the house before you arrive 讓孩子們把屋子打掃干凈了。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中have有時(shí)也可以用get代替，但這時(shí)后面的動(dòng)詞不定式需帶to，例如:I got him to write a letter to my boss.我要他寫一圭寸信給我的雇主。3. have +賓語+adj.（形容詞）/adv.（副詞）/prep.（介詞）促使某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生，或使役動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生

16、的變化結(jié)果或狀態(tài)。Please have your money ready.請準(zhǔn)備好錢。4. have +賓語+doi ng 讓持續(xù)做某事，或處于某種狀態(tài)。動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者為句子賓語，但動(dòng)詞必須為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，后面常接時(shí)間段。 He had her sta ndi ng in the rain for two hours.他讓她在雨中站了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。或表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者打算做的事或預(yù)期的目標(biāo)。 we ll soon have your car going again.很快我們就會(huì)讓你的車從新啟動(dòng)起來的。還可以表示不愿引起某種后果別大聲嚷！你會(huì)遭四我不允許你在起居室抽煙。Don't shout ! y

17、ou'll have the neighbours complaining. 鄰抱怨的。注意：用于否定句時(shí)，表示“允許”I won ' t have you smoking in the sitting room.（二）make使 （有輕微強(qiáng)迫之意）1.make +賓語+do 迫使某人做某事,被動(dòng)語態(tài)為 be made to do The boy made the girl cry.男孩把女孩惹哭了。 The girl was made to cry by the boy.女孩被男孩惹哭了。（被動(dòng)）2. make+賓語+adj./adv./prep. 使處于某種狀態(tài)，使變得 H

18、is ill ness made him very weak.他的病使他很虛弱。 This bori ng soap opera made me sleepy.這無聊的肥皂劇讓我想睡覺。3. make +賓語+doing使處于某種狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)性 The story made him feeli ng sad.這個(gè)故事使他很難受。 The bad weather made me staying at home yesterday.昨天,壞天氣是我一天都呆在家里。4. make +賓語+done使處于某種狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)性Please speak louder to make your

19、self heard.請講大聲一點(diǎn)以便讓另U人聽至M爾。The heavy bag made the chair broke n.這個(gè)重重的包把椅子壓壞了。我們讓他當(dāng)我們的隊(duì)長。 她把日記當(dāng)做她最好的朋友。5. make +賓語+n.使成為 We made him the leader of the team. She made her diary her best friend.（三）leave讓，使，帶走既可用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)也可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.leave +賓語+to do sth.讓某人做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)未來動(dòng)作Leave him to do it himself.讓他自個(gè)兒去做這件事吧。2.le

20、ave +賓語+doing讓某人做某事，或繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 What he said left me thi nki ng deeply.他的話使我陷入了沉思。 Do n' t leave her waiti ng outside in the rai n.外面下雨，別讓她在外面等了。3.leave +賓語+do ne使處于某種被動(dòng)狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)性 We can' t leave such an importa nt matter unfini shed.我們不能讓這樣一件重要的事半途而廢。4.leave 賓語+adj./adv./prep. 使處于某一特定狀態(tài) Who left the door ope n? 誰讓門開著?別忘了鎖門。 Don' t leave the door uniocked.（四）get使，讓1. get +賓語+to do讓做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)未來性動(dòng)作He got his brother to help him.他讓他的兄弟幫助他。2. get +賓語+done讓被做，強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)性動(dòng)作He got the car started.他發(fā)動(dòng)了小汽車。3. get +