unit 4 text B

1、 Text B Changing Attitudes to Lifelong EmploymentTextWords & ExpressionsMain IdeasDetailed UnderstandingText-related Exercises (I)Pre-reading TasksText-related Exercises (II)Pre-reading tasksDiscuss the following questions in class.1. What kind of job do you want to have in the future?2. Do you

2、think you should keep on learning if you work after graduation?Words and Expressions attitude lifelong employment corporation hire major hunt represent probably employer policy particularly training staff personnel manager firm select suitable employee recently investment advantage flexible internat

3、ional lay offattitude n. (to, toward) feeling about or toward someone or something 態(tài)度態(tài)度, , 看法看法 e.g. a positive attitude She has a good attitude toward work; shes always cheerful. Whats your attitude to his suggestion?lifelongadj.continuing for a lifetime 畢生的畢生的, 終身的終身的e.g. a lifelong friend / 一輩子的朋

4、友一輩子的朋友employmentn. 1. the act of employing 雇傭雇傭2. the state of being employed 被雇傭的狀態(tài)被雇傭的狀態(tài)3. the work in which one is engaged; occupation 某某人所從事的工作；職業(yè)人所從事的工作；職業(yè) e.g. He left his home to look for employment. 他離家去找職業(yè)。他離家去找職業(yè)。corporationn.1. a body that is granted a charter legally recognizing it as a

5、 separate legal entity having its own rights, privileges, and liabilities distinct from those of its members 法人法人2. a group of people combined into or acting as one body 集體集體 e.g. John works for a large American chemical corporation. 約翰為一家美國大化學公司工作。約翰為一家美國大化學公司工作。hirev.1. to engage the services of (

6、a person) for a fee; employ雇傭雇傭 e.g. hire a new clerk2. to engage the temporary use of for a fee; rent 租用租用 e.g. hire a car for the dayn. 1. the act of hiring 雇傭雇傭; 雇傭的行為雇傭的行為2. the condition or fact of being hired 受雇受雇 majoradj.1. greater than others in importance or rank 主要的，主要的，較重要的較重要的 e.g. a ma

7、jor artist 主要的藝術家主要的藝術家2. great in scope or effect 卓越的，顯著的卓越的，顯著的 e.g. a major improvementn.主修科目，專業(yè)學生主修科目，專業(yè)學生e.g. I am an English major.huntv. 1. to search for 搜尋搜尋, ,尋找尋找 e.g. The children hunted for sea shells on the beach. I hunted everywhere for my lost keys.2. to chase in order to catch and ki

8、ll wild animals 打獵打獵, ,獵取獵取 e.g. Every autumn, many people hunt deer in this area. n. 1. a search 搜尋搜尋, ,尋找尋找 e.g. We went on a hunt for the lost document.2. an act of hunting for wild animals 打獵打獵, ,狩獵狩獵: e.g. the long hunt through the fields and woodsrepresent v.1. to stand for; symbolize 代表；象征代表；

9、象征 e.g. The bald eagle represents the United States. 禿鷹象征了美國。禿鷹象征了美國。2. to indicate or communicate by signs or symbols 意指意指 e.g. Letters of the alphabet represent sounds. 字母表中的字母意指發(fā)音。字母表中的字母意指發(fā)音。probablymost likely; presumably 很可能地；大概很可能地；大概e.g. It will probably rain. 天很可能要下雨了。天很可能要下雨了。 A: Will it r

10、ain this afternoon? B: Probably not.adv.employern. 雇主雇主e.g. The car industry is one of our biggest employers. 汽車工業(yè)是我們最大的雇主之一。汽車工業(yè)是我們最大的雇主之一。構詞構詞 employ 雇用雇用 + -or 者者 ：employer 雇主雇主 employ 雇用雇用 + -ee 被被者：者：employee 雇員雇員policyn.1. a plan or course of action, as of a government, political party, or bus

11、iness, intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters政策政策 e.g. the companys personnel policy / 該公司的人事政策該公司的人事政策2. a course of action, guiding principle, or procedure considered expedient, prudent, or advantageous 手段；手段；計謀；策略計謀；策略 e.g. Honesty is the best policy. 誠實是最好的策略。誠

12、實是最好的策略。particularlyadv. 1. to a great degree; especially 很大程度上地；特別地很大程度上地；特別地 e.g. I particularly like the brown shoes.2. with particular reference or emphasis; individually or specifically 特別提及或強調地；個別地或具體地特別提及或強調地；個別地或具體地 e.g. Everyone has a moment in history which belongs particularly to him. 每個人

13、在歷史上都有只屬于他自己的一刻。每個人在歷史上都有只屬于他自己的一刻。trainingn.1. the process or routine of one who trains 訓練訓練 e.g. training for the race / 為參加賽跑而鍛煉為參加賽跑而鍛煉2. the state of being trained 受訓受訓 staffn.1. a stout stick used as a weapon 棍棒；警棍棍棒；警棍2. the personnel who carry out a specific enterprise 全全體雇員體雇員 e.g. the nurs

14、ing staff of a hospitalv.1. to provide with a staff of workers or assistants 為為配置工人或助手等職工配置工人或助手等職工2. to serve on the staff of 作作的雇員的雇員n. 1. all the people employed by a company, in the armed forces, etc. 員工員工 e.g. The company had to fire half of its personnel to cut costs. military personnel2. the

15、department in a company that deals with ( the complaints and difficulties of ) the employees 人事人事部部 e.g. the personnel manager I went to personnel to ask about the company retirement program.personnelmanager n.1. one who handles, controls, or directs, especially 經經營人營人 2. one who directs a business

16、or other enterprise 經理經理 3. one who controls resources and expenditures, as of a household 當家人當家人 e.g. My wife is an excellent manager. 我太太是個很好的管家。我太太是個很好的管家。firmn. 公司公司, (, (合伙合伙) )商號商號adj.1. resistant to externally applied pressure 堅硬的堅硬的 e.g. a firm belief / 堅定的信念堅定的信念 Prices are still firm. 物價仍然

17、穩(wěn)定。物價仍然穩(wěn)定。 The teacher was firm and did not change her mind. 老師很堅決，他不改變主意。老師很堅決，他不改變主意。2. marked by or indicating the tone and resiliency of healthy tissue 健壯的健壯的 e.g. firm muscles / 結實的肌肉結實的肌肉selectv.to take as a choice from among several; pick out 選選擇，選出擇，選出 e.g. I was selected for the team. 我被選入這

18、個隊。我被選入這個隊。adj.singled out in preference; chosen 挑選出來的；精選的挑選出來的；精選的 e.g. a select few / 精選出來的少數(shù)精選出來的少數(shù)suitableadj. appropriate to a purpose or an occasion 合適的合適的 e.g. This toy is not suitable for young children. 這個玩具不適合小孩玩。這個玩具不適合小孩玩。employee n.a person who works for another in return for financial

19、or other compensation 雇員雇員 e.g. employee benefits / 雇員利益雇員利益 employee unions / 雇員聯(lián)合會雇員聯(lián)合會 employee relations / 雇員關系雇員關系recently adv.最近，新近最近，新近e.g. The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Boston. 這家公司最近在波斯頓市中心買了一幢新的辦公樓。這家公司最近在波斯頓市中心買了一幢新的辦公樓。 Things got so bad recently that

20、 he decided to go on a diet. 近來情況變得如此糟糕近來情況變得如此糟糕,以致他決定節(jié)食了。以致他決定節(jié)食了。investmentn. 1. the act of investing / 投資投資2. an amount invested / 投資額投資額3. property or another possession acquired for future financial return or benefit / 資本資本4. a commitment, as of time or support / 投入投入advantagen.1. a beneficial

21、 factor or combination of factors 有利條有利條件件2. benefit or profit; gain 利益利益 e.g. It is to your advantage to invest wisely. 明智地投資對你很有利。明智地投資對你很有利。3. a relatively favorable position; superiority of means 有利地位有利地位 e.g. A better education gave us the advantage. 良好的教育使我們處于有利地位。良好的教育使我們處于有利地位。flexibleadj.1.

22、 capable of being bent or flexed; pliable 柔軟的柔軟的2. capable of being bent repeatedly without injury or damage 彈性的彈性的3. susceptible to influence or persuasion; tractable 溫溫順的順的4. responsive to change; adaptable 可變通的；易適應可變通的；易適應的的 e.g. a flexible schedule / 可變通的日程表可變通的日程表internationaladj.1. of, relatin

23、g to, or involving two or more nations 國際的國際的 e.g. an international commission / 一個國際委員會一個國際委員會 international affairs / 國際事務國際事務2. extending across or transcending national boundaries 超越國界的超越國界的 e.g. international fame / 國際聲譽國際聲譽n.國際性組織國際性組織, 國際比賽國際比賽lay off1. to terminate the employment of (a worke

24、r), especially temporarily 暫時解雇員工暫時解雇員工 e.g. laid-off workers / 下崗工人下崗工人2. to mark off 劃界線劃界線 e.g. lay off an area for a garden / 劃出一塊區(qū)域作劃出一塊區(qū)域作 為花園為花園 Text B Changing Attitudes to Lifelong Employment 1 This fall, as usual, companies and corporations are busily hiring new graduates. Major cities are

25、 crowded with young men and women who have just graduated from high school or college and who are hunting for a job.2 One high school graduate says that the employment season represents judgment day for many students. “Our whole lives are decided during this period when were looking for a company to

26、 work for,” she says. “I know that when I finally find a job, Ill probably be with that company for the rest of my life, and that makes the job search very important.”譯譯 文文3 For some employers, the policy of lifetime employment is particularly important because it means that they can put money and e

27、ffort into training their staff. The personnel manager of one large firm reports that the policy here is different from most other countries, where companies employ people who are already trained and whose skills can be used immediately. “What we do here, however, is to select young people who have

28、potential and who can be trained,” he said. “We then give them the kinds of skills that will make them suitable employees for us.”譯譯 文文Text B (continued)Text B (continued 2)4 One recently employed graduate says that sheis receiving a great deal of valuable training from the company. “This means that

29、 I will be a loyalemployee,” she says. “And it also means that thecompany will keep me. I am an important investment for them. So the policy is a good one because it is of great benefit to both the employer and the employee.” 譯譯 文文5 Recently, however, attitudes toward lifelong employment are beginni

30、ng to change. Employees are slowly beginning to accept the idea that lifelong employment is not always in their best interest and that changing firms can have career advantages. Companies are also developing more flexible employment policies. “I thought I had a job for life,” says one young woman wh

31、o lasted just six months in her first job. “However, when the company lost a big international order, I was laid off. Im now looking for another job.”譯譯 文文Text B (continued 3)變化中的終身就業(yè)觀變化中的終身就業(yè)觀1 跟往年一樣跟往年一樣, 今年秋季各家公司正忙于招聘應屆畢業(yè)今年秋季各家公司正忙于招聘應屆畢業(yè)生。大城市里擠滿了剛剛從中學或大學畢業(yè)的青年男女生。大城市里擠滿了剛剛從中學或大學畢業(yè)的青年男女,大家都在忙著找工作。

32、大家都在忙著找工作。2 一個中學畢業(yè)生說一個中學畢業(yè)生說, 就業(yè)季節(jié)對于許多學生而言意味就業(yè)季節(jié)對于許多學生而言意味著最后審判日。她說著最后審判日。她說, “當我們在尋找工作單位時當我們在尋找工作單位時, 我們的我們的一生就被決定了。我知道一生就被決定了。我知道, 當我最后找到一份工作當我最后找到一份工作, 我可能我可能會從一而終。這就使得找工作這件事變得極為重要。會從一而終。這就使得找工作這件事變得極為重要?！闭n文譯文3 對于一些雇主而言對于一些雇主而言, 終身雇用的政策極為重要終身雇用的政策極為重要, 因為這因為這意味著公司可以投入財力和物力培訓自己的雇員。一家大意味著公司可以投入財力和物

33、力培訓自己的雇員。一家大公司的人事部經理說公司的人事部經理說, 他們的政策不同于大多數(shù)其他國家。他們的政策不同于大多數(shù)其他國家。在其他國家在其他國家, 公司雇用已經受過培訓的人公司雇用已經受過培訓的人, 這些人所掌握的這些人所掌握的技能馬上就能派上用場。技能馬上就能派上用場?！叭欢覀兯龅氖绿暨x一些有然而我們所做的事挑選一些有潛潛力力, 可培養(yǎng)的年輕人可培養(yǎng)的年輕人, 然后傳授他們技能然后傳授他們技能, 把他們培養(yǎng)成公把他們培養(yǎng)成公司需要的員工。司需要的員工?！?課文譯文課文譯文4 一個新近被錄用的畢業(yè)生說公司正給她提供大量有一個新近被錄用的畢業(yè)生說公司正給她提供大量有價值的培訓。她說價值的

34、培訓。她說: “這意味著我將成為一名忠誠的員工這意味著我將成為一名忠誠的員工,同時也意味著公司將留住我。我是公司的一項重要投資。同時也意味著公司將留住我。我是公司的一項重要投資。因此因此, 終身雇用是一項很好的投資政策終身雇用是一項很好的投資政策, 它對雇主和雇員都它對雇主和雇員都有利。有利?！?5 然后然后, 近來人們多終身雇用的看法有了轉變。雇員們慢慢近來人們多終身雇用的看法有了轉變。雇員們慢慢地開始接受了這樣的觀念地開始接受了這樣的觀念: 終身就業(yè)于某一單位對他們來說并終身就業(yè)于某一單位對他們來說并非最好非最好, 跳槽有利于職業(yè)發(fā)展。一些公司也正在開發(fā)更具有彈跳槽有利于職業(yè)發(fā)展。一些公司

35、也正在開發(fā)更具有彈性的就業(yè)政策。一位年輕婦女第一份工作只干了半年性的就業(yè)政策。一位年輕婦女第一份工作只干了半年, 她說她說: “以前我以為得到了一份終身職業(yè)以前我以為得到了一份終身職業(yè), 可是當公司失去了一筆巨額可是當公司失去了一筆巨額國際訂單后國際訂單后, 我就失業(yè)了?，F(xiàn)在我就失業(yè)了?，F(xiàn)在, 我正在另找工作。我正在另找工作。”課文譯文Major cities are crowded with young men and women who have just graduated from high school or college and who are hunting for a job

36、.大城市擠滿了剛剛從中學或大學畢業(yè)的正在找工作的大城市擠滿了剛剛從中學或大學畢業(yè)的正在找工作的畢業(yè)生。畢業(yè)生。句中有兩個并列的以句中有兩個并列的以who 引導的定語從句，修飾前面引導的定語從句，修飾前面的的men and women. Judgment Day 最后審判日最后審判日根據(jù)根據(jù), 到了世界末日，死者將從墓中復活，接到了世界末日，死者將從墓中復活，接受基督審判，其中好人升上天堂，壞人貶入地獄。受基督審判，其中好人升上天堂，壞人貶入地獄。1. the time after death when everyone is judged by God for what they have d

37、one in life, according to Christianity and some other religions, also: Day of Judgment; The Last Judgment2. the day when a very important event takes place: e.g. Tomorrow is judgment day for me because I will know whether I get the job.I know that when I finally find a job, Ill probably be with that

38、 company for the rest of my life, and that makes the job search very important.”我知道當我最終找到一份工作，我會在那家公司干一輩我知道當我最終找到一份工作，我會在那家公司干一輩子，這就使得找工作這件事極其重要。子，這就使得找工作這件事極其重要。句中句中 be with 意思是意思是“在（某單位）工作在（某單位）工作”, and 后面的后面的 that指的是要在那家公司干一輩子這個情況。指的是要在那家公司干一輩子這個情況。Exercise 漢譯英漢譯英: : 他在這家公司干了十年了。他在這家公司干了十年了。Key:

39、Hes been with the firm for ten years.The personnel manager of one large firm reports that the policy here is different from most other countries, where companies employ people who are already trained and whose skills can be used immediately. 一家大公司的人事經理說他們的政策不同于大多數(shù)別的國一家大公司的人事經理說他們的政策不同于大多數(shù)別的國家，在別的國家，

40、公司雇用受過訓練的人，這些人的技能馬家，在別的國家，公司雇用受過訓練的人，這些人的技能馬上就可以用得上。上就可以用得上。句中句中where 引導一個非限制性定語從句，修飾引導一個非限制性定語從句，修飾 other countries. 該句還包含兩個分別以該句還包含兩個分別以 who 和和 whose 引導的定引導的定語從句。語從句。Employees are slowly beginning to accept the idea that lifelong employment is not always in their best interest and that changing fi

41、rms can have career advantages雇員們慢慢地開始接受了這樣的理念：終身就職于某雇員們慢慢地開始接受了這樣的理念：終身就職于某 一單位對一單位對他們來說并非最好，跳槽對職業(yè)發(fā)展有好處。他們來說并非最好，跳槽對職業(yè)發(fā)展有好處。in sbs interest : helping someone and giving them an advantagee.g. act in the best interest of the patient It may not be in her interests to change jobs so soon.in the interes

42、t of sb. : in order to achieve a particular situation or quality e.g. It is in our interest that there will be peace in that area. In the interest of safety, passengers are advised to wear their seat belts at all times. I thought I had a fob for life,” says one young woman who lasted just six months

43、 in her first job“我認為我有了一份一輩子的工作，我認為我有了一份一輩子的工作，” 一個年輕女子說，她的一個年輕女子說，她的第一份工作僅僅維持了第一份工作僅僅維持了6個月。個月。six months 前省略了前省略了for lastv. 1. to continue to exist 近近 endure e.g. How long will the meeting last? Most sessions last about half an hour.2. to be enough for a period of time e.g. Ive only got $5 to las

44、t me till the end of the week.3. to survive, live e.g. The wounded is not expected to last the night. 近近 survive Main Ideas Fill in the blanks with appropriate words according to the reading passage. Many high school and college graduates have the idea that once they are employed, they will be _that

45、 company for the _of their lives. At the same time, some _ have adopted a lifetime employment_. Once they hire people, they can put money and_into training them, and make them_employees for the companies. _some extent, this policy is good because it is of great benefit to both employers and _. Recen

46、tly, however, some employees are beginning to change their _ toward the lifelong employment and they think changing firms can bring them career _.withrestemployerspolicyeffortsuitableToemployeesattitudesadvantages Detailed Understanding of Text BComplete the following sentences according to the text. 1. Benefits of lifelong employment for employees: 1) They can_. 2) They can_. 2. Benefi