初中英語語法系列---定語從句

1、Good afternoon!The Attributive ClauseWhich baby is JackWhich baby is Jack? ?穿紅褲子的baby是Jack。The baby is Jack.The baby is Jack.whose trousers are redwho is wearing red trousersJackWhich house is mineWhich house is mine? ?房頂是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy housev什么是定語從句呢？什么是定語從句呢？答案：修飾

2、前面某一名詞或代詞答案：修飾前面某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。的從句叫定語從句。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： 先行詞先行詞 + 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 + 句子句子定語從句定語從句用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句所修飾的名（代）詞叫作先行詞。定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞的后面。1. The students (who dont study hard) will not pass 先行詞 定語從句the exam.主句: The students will not pass the exam.2. The woman (who you saw in the park) is our 先行詞 定語從句English tea

3、cher.主句: The woman is our English teacher.從句的主語： you從句的賓語：whom3. A shoe shop is a shop (which sells shoes).主句：A shoe shop is a shop.從句的主語: which4. The book (that you want) is on the desk.主句從句的主語: 從句的賓語：The book is on the desk.youthat引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞常見的有that, which,whowhom等。關(guān)系代詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時又作定語從句

4、的一個成份。The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room.主語I lost the book( that/which ) you gave me). 賓語關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: : 1. who指人指人,作主語或賓語作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）作賓語可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2. whom指人指人, ,作賓語作賓語 ( (作賓語可省略作賓語可省略, ,如介詞提如介詞提前

5、則不能省前則不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3. which 指物，作主語或賓語指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省作賓語可省 略略, 如介詞提前則不能省如介詞提前則不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow book

6、s from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks? 4. that 指人指人/物，作主語或賓語物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）作賓語可省略）A plane is a machine. It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man (that) I told you about.歸納：that,即指人又指物，作主語或賓語。 which,指物，作主語或賓語。 who, whom指人,who作主語,

7、whom作賓語。that, which, whom在定語從句中作賓語時，可省去。1) A plane is a machine _ can fly.2) The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3) The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4) The woman _ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.which/thatwhich/that/ / /who/thatwhom/that/ / /1.The house _we

8、live in is very old.2.Those are the shoes _ I lost last week.3.That is the man _ found my handbag.4.Lucy cant eat food _ has chocolate in it.5.The car _ my uncle bought last month is very beautiful. which/ that which/ that who/ that which/ that which/ that6. The village _ Guo Peng lives in is very f

9、ar away.7. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.8. I hate people _ talk much but do little.9. The detective found the thieves _ robbed the Bank of Hawaii.10. My aunt works in a university _ has over five thousand students. which/ that who/ that who/ that who/ that which/ thatFill in

10、the blanks with who, whom, that, or which.1 The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2 We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3 The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.4 A house _ is built on sand may fall down

11、in an earthquake.5 Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.6 People _ study earthquakes thinks that there will be another big one soon.which/ thatwho/ thatwhich/ thatwhich/ thatwho/ whomwhoExercisesv1. The books_I borrowed from the library was newly published.v2. The ID car

12、d _I lost last week was found in a supermarket.v3. The newspapers _we have collected will be recycled.v4. Most of the cars _were stolen have not been found yet. v5. The students _are visiting the natural museum are very interested in the dinosaurs.thatwhichwhichwhichwhov6. The girl _ is taking care

13、of the baby is my aunts baby-sitter.v7. All the women _ were working in that factory had a day off on Womens Day.v8. 吉姆住的房間看起來很漂亮吉姆住的房間看起來很漂亮 The room _ looks very nice. 9. 那就是剛才偷我錢包的那個人那就是剛才偷我錢包的那個人 That is the man _. 10. 昨天搶銀行的小偷被抓住了昨天搶銀行的小偷被抓住了 The thieves _ were caught. 11. He talked happily abo

14、ut the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. (which/that)whowhowhich Jim lives inwho stole my purse just nowwho robbed the bank yesterdaythat以下情況只能用以下情況只能用that1 先行詞既先行詞既有指人又有指物有指人又有指物2 當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時，有時，有the only,the very 等修飾時等修飾時3 先行詞是先行詞是all, much,anything,somethi

15、ng, nothing等不定代詞等不定代詞4 主句是以主句是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問句開頭的特殊疑問句時時Fill in the blanks:1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have

16、 ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frightenme.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it usedto be twenty years ago.thatthatthat/that/thatthatthatCorrections:1. The man just said hello to me is my chemistry teacher. who2. Who is the man you just

17、 shook hands with him. 3. Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.( where which) 4. This is the best dictionary which I have ever used.( which that) 5. The house where we live in is not very large.( where which/that) 6. The house that it was built in 1970 stayed up inthe earthquake. 1. T

18、hat book that you want it is on the desk. 2. Is this factory that we visited last week?the oneThis factory is the one that we visited last week.3. He is the person for whom you are looking. for4. The person to whom you talked is Lily. The person whom you talked to is Lily.歸納：1. 定語從句要避免成分重復(fù) 2. 定語從句要避

19、免漏用先行詞 3. 含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開whenwhen在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞介詞+ + 關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day Ill never forget the day whenwhen I joined the league. I joined the league.on whichwherewhere在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞介詞+ + 關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（whichwhich）”。This is the house This is

20、the house wherewhere I lived two years ago. I lived two years ago.in which=關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞whywhy在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞介詞for+ for+ 關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy she was late. she was late.for which=“介詞關(guān)系代詞”即“介詞which”引導(dǎo)定語從句應(yīng)注意：1介詞的選用至少要考慮以下的兩個因素A.與先行詞的

21、搭配關(guān)系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _ most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby whichB. 與從句謂語動詞的搭配習(xí)慣1）Have you foun

22、d the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4) Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout whichFill in the blanks.1. I still remember the day _ we spent inthe forest.2. I still remembe

23、r the day _ I first came to Beijing.3. The factory _ we will visit is large.4. The factory _ his father works is large.5. Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm.6. This is the house _ we lived last year.that/whichwhen/on whichthat/whichwhere/in whichwhen/at whichwhere/in which歸納歸納:關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞w

24、hen指時間指時間,關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞where指地點(diǎn)指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作狀語。即使先行詞是時間地點(diǎn)在定語從句中作狀語。即使先行詞是時間地點(diǎn),若若作從句中的賓語，只能用關(guān)系代詞作從句中的賓語，只能用關(guān)系代詞that, which. 8. The 5 yuan_ he bought the book was given by his friend. 9. I cant forget the days _ I studied in college. I cant forget the days _ I spent in college. 10. The old man always wears h

25、is glasses _ _ he cant see anything. 11.The key_ she was opening the door broke. 12. The library _ we often go on Sundays is not far from our school. 13. No one knows the reason _ she is leaving so early. 14. At last they came to a river _ a new bridge is being built. for whichon whichwithoutwhichwi

26、th whichto whichfor whichover whichwhich定語從句：Complete the following sentences:1. Is this the school _ you visited last year? Is this school _ _ you visited last year?2. He is one of the students who _ good at maths. He is the only one of the students who _ goodat math.3. The girl _ was always honest

27、 lied to me. The girl _ I met lied to me.4. I dont know the time _ she arrived.5.China is no longer the country _ I saw 10years ago.that/whichthe oneareiswhowhomwhenthat/which6. The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from_ you bought last month.The radio I bought yesterday is quite differen

28、t from the one_ you bought last month.7. Do you still remember the hotel _ welived last summer holiday? Do you still remember the park _we visited last summer holiday?8. This is the room _ my grandmother used to lived in.This is the room _ my grandmother used to live .the onethatin whichthat/whichwh

29、ich/thatin which9. He has two sons, and both of _ work as actors.He has two sons, both of _ work as actors.10.China has hundreds of islands, _ _ Taiwanis the largest.China has hundreds of islands, the largest_ is Taiwan.11.This is the house _ _ the window wasbroken yesterday.This is the house _ wind

30、ow was broken yesterday.12.He is the teacher _ _ help we havemade great progress.themwhomof whichofwhichof whichwhosewith whose1.Ill remember the day _ I spent with my friend.2.Ill remember the day _ I was born.3. Ill remember the day _ is special to me.4.This is the place _is quiet and beautiful.5.

31、This is the place _I like very much.6. This is the place _ I worked for one year.7. Thats the reason _he told us.8. Thats the reason _ he came late for class.用正確的關(guān)系詞填空。用正確的關(guān)系詞填空。that / which/ on which/ whenthat / whichthat / whichthat / which/ in which/ wherethat / which/ for which/ why1.He is the v

32、ery person _ I like.A. it B. which C. this D. that2.This is the first place _ we visited last year.A. which B. what C. that D. where3.Money is not the only thing _ is missing.A. which B. that C. who D. whose4.This is _ I wanted. A. the one B. what C. the one that D. all the above5. A clock is that _

33、 tells us time. A. that B. which C. it D. who6.Who is the teacher _ is working in the office? A. who B. that C. whom D. which7.I like things and persons _ are interesting. A. who B. that C. which D. whomDCBDBBBv在選擇引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞時，有如下要點(diǎn)：在選擇引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞時，有如下要點(diǎn)：1 由于關(guān)系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯(lián)系作用，由于關(guān)系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯(lián)系作用，又

34、在從句中充當(dāng)一個成分，因此，又在從句中充當(dāng)一個成分，因此， 要正確判斷要正確判斷關(guān)系代詞在從句中的功能，如作主語還是賓語等。關(guān)系代詞在從句中的功能，如作主語還是賓語等。2 當(dāng)先行詞指人時，當(dāng)先行詞指人時，關(guān)系代詞可用關(guān)系代詞可用who（做主語，做主語，賓語），賓語），that（做主語，賓語），做主語，賓語），whom（作賓作賓語），語），whose（作定語）作定語）3 當(dāng)先行詞指物時，當(dāng)先行詞指物時，關(guān)系代詞可用關(guān)系代詞可用that（做主語，做主語，賓語），賓語），which（做主語，賓語）做主語，賓語）4 在定語從句中，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷?，但在定語從句中，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷?，但在

35、在介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略不能省略。指人時，介詞。指人時，介詞后只用后只用whom，指物時，介詞后只用指物時，介詞后只用which。The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.如果介詞提前，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略如果介詞提前，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略v指物，只用指物，只用 whichv指人指人, ,只用只用whomIs this the library from which you borrow books?Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?The man (whom/

36、who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, or which.1 The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2 We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3 The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.4 A hous

37、e _ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5 Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.6 People _ study earthquakes thinks that there will be another big one soon.which/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwho/whomwho當(dāng)先行詞指人時，關(guān)系代詞可用當(dāng)先行詞指人時，關(guān)系代詞可用whowho（做主語，賓語），做主語，賓語），that

38、that（做主語，賓語），做主語，賓語），whomwhom（作賓語），作賓語），whosewhose（作定語）作定語）Talking about people1 She looked at Jeff who /that was waving his arms.2 Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?3 Is this the boy whom you spoke to just now? 當(dāng)先行詞指物時，關(guān)系代詞可用當(dāng)先行詞指物時，關(guān)系代詞可用thatthat（做主語，賓做主語，賓語），語），whichwhich（做主語，賓語）做主

39、語，賓語）Talking about things1 The story that / which you read is “The Rescue”.2 And there she saw a wall of water that / which was quickly advancing towards her.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.如果介詞提前，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略如果介詞提前，作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略v指物，只用指物，只用 whichv指人指人, ,只用只用whomIs this the library from which

40、 you borrow books?Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句：My sisterMy sister, who is twenty, works in works in a bank.a bank.The man The man who came here yesterday has has come e again.限制性定語從句限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語

41、，是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句關(guān)系十分密切，句和主句關(guān)系十分密切， 寫時不用逗號分開。寫時不用逗號分開。非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句和主句關(guān)系不很密切，只是對先和主句關(guān)系不很密切，只是對先行詞作些附加說明，行詞作些附加說明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句，這種從句， 寫時往往逗號分開。寫時往往逗號分開。在非限制性定語從句中，指人時，只用在非限制性定語從句中，指人時，只用whowho，指物時，只用指物時，只用whichwhich。vShe look

42、ed at Jeff, who was waving his arms.vFootball, which is a very interesting game, is loved by most people in the world. whose whose 在定語從句中作定語，表示引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作定語，表示引導(dǎo)詞與與 whose whose 后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。 whosewhose多指人，也可指物，指物時可與多指人，也可指物，指物時可與 of whichof which互換使用?；Q使用。Whose is used instead for Whose is use

43、d instead for his/her/their/its.his/her/their/its.This is the book This is the book whosewhose cover is blue. cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of whichof which the cover is blue. the cover is blue.Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose that, or which.1 I have a friend _ likes listen

44、ing to classical music.2 Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3 The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.4 Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.whowhich/thatwhoseWhich/thatFill in the blanks with who, whom, whose that, or which.5 The family _ Im staying with lives in town. 6 I know the student _ article was published.7 Betty, _ has never been abroad, is studying English very well.8 My