鋼結(jié)構(gòu)廠房地腳螺栓的埋置方法

1、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)廠房地腳螺栓的埋置方法The embedding of anchor bolts on the steel structure factory building地腳螺栓的埋置是鋼結(jié)構(gòu)廠房施工的一大關(guān)鍵， 直接影響到上部鋼結(jié)構(gòu)廠房 的垂直度， 方正度。若地腳螺栓的埋置偏差過大， 則會(huì)對后期的上部施工中的結(jié) 構(gòu)螺栓，檁條螺栓，圍梁螺栓的連接等造成很大的困難。在施工過程中，我們要 著重控制地腳螺栓的平面位置，垂直度及螺栓釘標(biāo)高，以盡可能減少上述誤差。For direct influence on the perpendicularity and square, the embedding of

2、 anchor bolts is one of the most important points during the construction of steel structure building. There would be great difficulties in working on structural bolts, purline bolts, and girt bolts if there is any declination in embedding the anchor bolts. During construction, the great emphasis sh

3、ould be placed on the horizontal position, prependicularity and elevation of bolts in order to reduce such declination to the least.要求：平面位置誤差：+ 3mm螺栓頂標(biāo)高誤差：+ 3mmBasic requirements:Horizontal position declination: 3mmAnchor bolts top elevation declination: 3mm§ 1 須配備的設(shè)備，工具及施工人員：Working staff, Nec

4、essary equipment and Tools:1.1 設(shè)備及工具：Equipment and tools:1套光學(xué)水準(zhǔn)儀及腳架， 標(biāo)尺Optical water level & horse and staff guage1光學(xué) 經(jīng)緯儀 及腳 架， 花插 1 套Optical theodolite, horse & flower brace150m 以 上鋼 尺 1 把 St eel r ul e ( over 50m) 1 3m5m 鋼 尺2 把Steel rule (3-5m) 2線 錘1 只Thread hammer 1模線若 干Module stringsome鐵

5、 錘1 把Hammer 1定位 界 椿若干Or i ent a t i on mar k ers o me電焊 機(jī)1 臺(tái)Electric welding machine 1水平靠 尺( 高精度)1 把Leveling guiding rule (High precision) 11.2 施工人員：Working staff有經(jīng) 驗(yàn)的測量 工程 師1 人Well-experienced meterage engineer1鋼筋 工1 人Reinforcing steel bar worker1電焊 工1 人El ect r i c wel der 1 木 工1 人Carpenter 12人輔助工

6、Assistant§ 2板樣定位及水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)：Model orientation and Standard Leveling Point2.1 板樣定位：Model Orientation: 根據(jù)圖紙要求，對施工現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行放樣，定位。在所有建筑物的角點(diǎn)，必須設(shè) 立橫向， 縱向兩個(gè)控制界柱， 并采取適當(dāng)?shù)募庸檀胧?避免控制界椿在施工 過程中遭破壞， 所有橫向， 縱向軸線均設(shè)立相對固定的定位椿。 所有定位椿 的頂標(biāo)高盡量控制在+ 0 000上10- 20cm以便日后拉模線，拉尺丈量復(fù) 核。定位界椿設(shè)立之后，應(yīng)采取反方向閉合測量，修正成果，以減少平面誤 差To locate the posit

7、ion and lofting on the job site according to the drawing. Both transverse and lengthways controlling boundary column should be embeddedat the corner of every building, the corresponding consolidating measures also should be taken so as to prevent the controlling boundary column from damaging during

8、the erection. The top elevation of fixed location boundary marker on both transverse and lengthways axises should be controlled between 10-20cm on +0.00, which would be more convenient for the re-measurement in the future. After the embedding of position fixed boundary marker, opposite closing measu

9、re should be taken to adjust the works, in order to reduce the inaccuracy on plane level.2.2 水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)：Leveling point水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的設(shè)立同樣相當(dāng)重要， 它直接影響到地腳螺栓頂部標(biāo)高的控制。 建議 沿建筑物周邊每40m左右設(shè)立一個(gè)臨時(shí)水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)。同樣，臨時(shí)水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)設(shè)立后， 亦須經(jīng)過閉合測量。Considering its direct influence on controlling the top elevation of anchor bolts, the establishment of level

10、ing point is also a very important procedure. Wesuggest you set a temporary level point every 40maround the building. Sameas the above procedure, closing measure is also required after the establishment.§ 3 地腳螺栓的埋置及準(zhǔn)備工作：Preparation and embedding of anchor bolts3.1 地腳螺栓套板的加工：The process of ancho

11、r bolts cleading 地腳螺栓的套板，其尺寸及套板上的開孔與日后上部結(jié)構(gòu)中柱腳底板的尺寸 及開孔相一致。套板應(yīng)采用不小于20mm厚的木板，根據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)詳圖所規(guī)定的尺寸及開孔位置進(jìn)行加工。開孔直徑應(yīng)比地腳螺栓直徑大2mm為宜。同時(shí)，套板面須用醒目標(biāo)志標(biāo)出， 縱橫軸線穿過該組地腳螺栓的具體位置， 以便日 后復(fù)核。The size of the anchor bolt cleading and the aperture therein should be identical with that of the base plate in the upside structure. Such c

12、leading should adopt the woodboard no less than 20mmand be processed according to the size and aperture position stated in the specific graphics. It would be better if the diameter of aperture is 2mmbigger than that of anchor bolts. At the same time, the cleading surface should be lined out by disti

13、nct sign with the transverse and lengthways axis through the position of anchor bolts in the samegroup, so as to facilitate the re-check in the future.3.2 地腳螺栓的埋置：The embedding of anchor bolts:基礎(chǔ)鋼筋開始施工時(shí)， 地腳螺栓埋置工作也應(yīng)同時(shí)開始， 穿插進(jìn)行。 埋設(shè)地 腳螺栓前， 先應(yīng)用模線放出相應(yīng)的縱， 橫向軸線， 同時(shí)用鋼尺在基礎(chǔ)鋼筋上 放出每組地腳螺栓的位置。 埋置地腳螺栓時(shí)， 先將地腳螺栓套板平放在

14、基礎(chǔ) 鋼筋上相應(yīng)位置， 用線錘測定校正縱， 橫軸線與套板上標(biāo)出的縱， 橫向軸線 標(biāo)志，沿套板周邊在鋼筋上作出標(biāo)記。 將地腳螺栓的螺桿由下至上穿過套板， 在螺桿上擰上相應(yīng)的螺母 , 通過螺母的松緊，調(diào)節(jié)地腳螺栓的頂部標(biāo)高，用 水準(zhǔn)儀測量控制螺栓頂標(biāo)高 , 直到圖紙要求相符合為止。在施工過程中，用 水平尺檢測套板及螺桿，盡量使套板面處于水平狀態(tài)，螺桿處于垂直狀態(tài)。 套板及螺桿就位后， 須用經(jīng)緯儀進(jìn)行復(fù)核。 將經(jīng)緯儀架立在需復(fù)核的地腳螺 栓的軸線控制點(diǎn)上 , 目鏡瞄準(zhǔn)遠(yuǎn)端該軸線的另一控制點(diǎn) , 確定目鏡中十字絲 中心，即為該軸線位置， 然后復(fù)核位于該軸線上的每組地腳螺栓與軸線位置 關(guān)系是否準(zhǔn)確，并修

15、正成果。注意，經(jīng)緯儀復(fù)核必須縱，橫兩個(gè)方向進(jìn)行， 切忌只復(fù)核一個(gè)方向而忽略另一方向。The working of reinforcing bar and embedding of anchor bolts should begin at the sametime. Before the embedding. both axises should first be confirmed, than using metal ruler to measure the location of each anchor bolts on the reinforcing bar. While embeddin

16、g plate should levelly put on the corresponding place on reinforcing bar. Then marked out the axises both originally measured and that on the plate by using thread awl. than penetrate the plate from undersurface to upper surface , and screw on the cap. At last, adjust the top elevation and measure a

17、t the same time until it reaches the requirement of paper.During the construction, leveling guiding ruler should be used to make sure that whether the cleadings are level. And screws are vertical.Than put the theadolite on the axies controlling point of anchor bolts to reporting the accuracy. Rememb

18、er, the reproofing process should be actualized on both orientation.3.3 地腳螺栓的固定：The fixup of anchor bolts: 在上述工序完成并修正成果后，須對地腳螺栓作固定。具體固定方法如下： 每組螺栓的各螺桿間用 8 鋼筋焊接連接。螺桿下部能與基礎(chǔ)鋼筋連接的部 分盡量采取電焊可靠連接， 以確保地腳螺栓位置的準(zhǔn)確性。 在焊接前應(yīng)用水 平靠尺檢測螺桿的垂直度，盡可能使螺桿處于垂直狀態(tài)。焊接工作完成后， 松開套板上的螺母，使螺栓套板的底部距基礎(chǔ)面鋼筋 30mm左右，同時(shí)將 混凝土保護(hù)層墊塊置于套板底部與鋼筋之間

19、， 用水平尺調(diào)整套板使之盡可能 處于水平狀態(tài)，將上部螺桿上的螺母帶緊。After completion and modification of the project above, we should fasten the anchor bolts in the way as following:Every group of anchor bolts should be linked by 0 8 reinforcing steel bar through welding. The connective part between the downside part of screws and

20、reforming steel bar should also be electric-welded in order to guarantee the accuracy of anchor bolts's location. Theexamination of screw's perpendecularity by water level rod is necessary prior to welding, so as to make sure the screw is in the vertical state. Then to loosen the screw cap o

21、n the cleading after the welding work, so that the distance between the bottom of the anchor screw cleading and he surface of enforcing steel bar is controlled within 30mm or so, therefore the concrete protective block can be filled in such gap at the same time. It is preferable to adjust the level

22、position of cleading by using leveling guiding ruler and tighten the concrete block by upside screw. cap.§ 4 混凝土澆筑時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)：Important items in concreting: 澆筑混凝土前，螺栓套板上部的螺桿及螺母須抹上黃油后用塑料布包裹并用 鐵絲扎緊。澆筑混凝土， 特別是采取泵送混凝土施工時(shí)， 須避免混凝土的擠 壓，導(dǎo)致地腳螺栓走位。 混凝土泵管應(yīng)避免直接對著地腳螺栓澆筑， 盡可能 在地腳螺栓及周邊30cm范圍內(nèi)采取人工布料。在使用振動(dòng)棒時(shí)，切勿在上 述區(qū)

23、域內(nèi)振動(dòng)過頻。在澆筑混凝土?xí)r，施工人員須加強(qiáng)對地腳螺栓的監(jiān)測， 用水準(zhǔn)儀，經(jīng)緯儀隨時(shí)對各組地腳螺栓 （特別是周圍正進(jìn)行澆筑混凝土的地 腳螺栓）的復(fù)核。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)偏差，應(yīng)立刻進(jìn)行校正。Before concreting, parts of the screws and caps which above the bolt cleading should be packed by plastic cloth with solid butter inside, and the plastic cloth should be tightened up by steel wire. While concre

24、ting, especially in using pumps effective measures should betaken to prevent the dislocation of anchor bolts from concrete by squeezing. Pumptubes should not directly concrete on the anchor bolts, and in 30cm range surrounding the bolt, it is better to concrete by band. When using vibration club. We

25、 shall make sure that frequency is normal. Water level and theadolite should be used to re-check the anchor bolts in different groups. With earnest monitor on the anchor bolts exerted by staff on site, if the deviation found, modification should be done in time.§ 5 地腳螺栓的保養(yǎng)及糾偏：The maintenance an

26、d rectification of anchor bolts混凝土終凝后，應(yīng)立即拆除地腳螺栓套板，并在地腳螺栓周邊30cm的范圍內(nèi)，用高強(qiáng)度水泥砂漿找平至設(shè)計(jì)要求的標(biāo)高。 所有柱底標(biāo)高的誤差不能大 于+ 3mm待砂漿干硬后，即用經(jīng)緯儀定位，放線后，復(fù)核地腳螺栓的位置， 對于偏差大于+ 3mm勺地腳螺栓須糾正偏差。具體方法為：將螺桿上的絲牙 用軟布包裹多層，用2m左右的空心鋼管套入后向正確的位置方向糾正。注 意不能用力過猛， 以免將螺栓扳斷。 所有螺栓經(jīng)復(fù)核后， 若在短時(shí)間內(nèi)不進(jìn) 行上部結(jié)構(gòu)的安裝，須在螺紋上涂上固體黃油， 用塑料紙包裹并用鐵絲扎緊。After the solidification of concrete, the anchor bolts cleading can be dismantled. Then high intensity concrete grit slurry