英語：語法——比較級與最高級用法總結(jié)

1、第 1 頁比較級的相關(guān)用法；形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1. 一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er, -ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，比較級在后面加-er,最高級在后面加-est；（ 1 ）單音節(jié)詞small fsmaller f smallestshort fshorter f shortesttall f taller ftallest（2）雙音節(jié)詞great f greater fgreatestclever fcleverer f cleverestnarrow f narrower f narrowest2 以不發(fā)音e 結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，-r， 最高級在原級后加-st；large f large

2、r f largestnice f nicer f nicestable f abler f ablest3 .在重讀閉音節(jié)（即：輔音+元音+輔音）中，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比較級加-er,最高級加-est；big -bigger f biggesthot fhotter fhottestfat -fatter ffattesteasy f easier f easiest busy fbusier f busiest 5 其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，4 .以輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，把y改為i,比較級加-er,最高級加-est;heavy f heavier f heaviesthappy

3、 fhappier f happiestmore， 最高級在前面加most；beautiful f more beautiful f most beautifuldifferent f more different f most differenteasily f more easily f most easily注意：（1）形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞the,副詞最高級前可不用。The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.2) 形容詞 most 前面沒有the， 不表示最高級的含義，只表示 "非常 "。It is a mo

4、st important problem. =It is a very important problem.6有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。good/well f better f bestbad/ill f worse f worstmany/much f more f mostold -older/ elder f oldest/eldestlittle f less - leastfar f further/fartherfu rthest/farthest修飾比較級和最高級的詞1. far 用于比較級之前，加強語氣；It is far colder today

5、 than yesterday .2. by far 最高級之前，加強語氣；用來強調(diào)比較級，放在比較級之后；放在前面時，則常需在比較級之前加上定冠詞the .The Pacific is by far the largest ocean in the world .The old woman became better by far .Riding a bicycle is by far the easier than driving a car .3. very 與 much 區(qū)別聯(lián)系；1) . 修飾形容詞或副詞的原級用very ，不用 much .In his early childhoo

6、d , Einstein did not seem to be very bright .在童年時代，愛因斯坦似乎不很聰明。2) .修飾動詞時，應用 much ,不用very，但可用 very much 。I don' tike football much (very much ).我不很喜歡踢足球。3) .much放在形容詞或副詞的比較級之前，起強調(diào)作用；或修飾形容詞或副詞的最高級，放在定冠詞 the之前；very 修飾形容詞的最高級，放在定冠詞 the之后；It is much hotter today than (it was ) yesterday .今天比昨天熱得多。Mr.

7、Smith is much the best teacher in the school .Mr. Smith is the very best teacher in the school .史密斯先生是該學校最好的老師。典型例題；I hear your aunt likes travel ,music , clothes and fine food .Oh , Yeah, and music may have been of her tastes .A. the rather more respectableB. much the most respectableC. very the mo

8、st respectableD. even more respectableB4. 比較級前面不能再加more 了,more只能和原級形容詞構(gòu)成比較級.more important.5. a lot, lots , a great deal修飾比較級，表示程度，詞組中不帶 of .6. rather 一詞與比較級及 too連用，fairly / quite則不能。7. a little , a bit, a few , slightly稍微，一些，一點，比較級前起強調(diào)作用。This kind of bicycle is slightly more expensive than that kin

9、d .8. even , much , still , yet甚至，更，還要；比較級前起強調(diào)作用，That job is so easy , and this job is yet easier .9. some , any也可以修飾比較級；some常用于肯定的陳述句以及表示建議或邀請的疑問 句；any常用于否定句，疑問句，條件句中。Is he any better ？Yes . He is some better today .10. 用分數(shù)，百分數(shù)，倍數(shù)或時間，長度的名詞詞組來修飾比較級，可確切表示比較程度。He is one inch taller than I .Our classro

10、om is two feet wider than theirs .11. much more +不可數(shù)名詞than -;many more + 可數(shù)名詞than 比較級作定語修飾名詞He has made more progress this year than he did last year .more 句中是 much 的比較級，作不可數(shù)名詞progress 的定語，若要說“比去年進步大得多”就要用 much 來強調(diào)。I have many more books than you .It takes many more hours to go by train from Beijing

11、 to Nanjing than to Tianjin.比較級作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞，more 是 many 的比較級，若強調(diào)，就用many 來加強語氣。典型例題1) ) Are you feeling ? Yes， I'm fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better答案： B. any 可修飾比較級，quite 修飾原級，well 的比較級為better.2) The experiment was easier than we had expected.A. more B. much more

12、 C. much D. more much答案C. much可修飾比較級，因此B,C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需 more,因此C為正確答案。3) If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much hap pier time D4.Look , I have got a rare stamp here . It cost me two hundred dollar

13、sOh , I have a rarer one ; my uncle gave it to me as a birthday giftA. much B. yet C. very D. more B比較級和最高級的用法1 .兩者相比（甲=乙），用“as+級+as'表示Tom is as tall as Mike.2 .兩者相比（甲 乙），用"notas（so） +原級+as"或"lessthan '表示I didn ' do my homework so（as） carefully as you.The picture is less a

14、ttractive than that one.3 .兩者相比（甲乙），用 比較級+than'表示Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.注意：1）為了避免重復，在從句中常用 one, that, those等詞來代替前面提過的名詞。The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.4比較級前一般不用冠詞，但若表示 兩者

15、中較時”比較級前要加定冠詞。若比較級后有名詞，常在比較級前加不定冠詞，表示泛指。He is the taller of the two.他是兩者中較高的一個How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得真動聽！我可從未聽過比這更好的嗓音了。5在含有or的選擇疑問句中，如果有兩者供選擇，前面的形容詞要用比較級形式Who is taller, Tim or Tom?誰更高，Tim 還是 Tom?6 .no more -than -和-都不，和-一樣部（都不好）第5頁not more - than -不及/不比一更一（

16、都好）注意；more為adj./adv.比較級的代替詞Tom is no more hard-working than Mike .一樣不用功。（都不用功）Tom is not more hard-working than Mike .Tom 不比 Mike 更用功。（倆人都用 功）（2019 陜西.7） Though he started late , Mr. Guo played the piano as well as , if , Miss Liu.A. not better than B. not better C. no better than D. no better A7. a

17、s +adj./ adv .+ as-; many+可數(shù)名詞as + much +不可數(shù)名詞 +adj +an/a +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞You may borrow as many books as you can.“Drinkas much water as you can. "the doctor said to him.read as many books as possible典型例題；2019 北京 Our neighbour has ours.A. as a big house asB. as big a house asC. the same big house asD. a

18、 house the same big as B8 .表示倍數(shù)的比較級用法： .A is - times the size /height/length/wid th of B.The new building is three times the height of the old one.這座新樓比那座舊樓高三倍。（新樓是舊樓的四倍高） .A is - times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。（亞洲比歐洲大三倍 ） .A is times larger /

19、higher/longer/wider than B.Our school is twice bigger than yours. 我們學校比你們學校大兩倍。9 .比較級+ and +比較級"或"moreand more +原級”表示越來越 ”It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天來了，天氣變得越來越暖和It is getting cooler and cooler. 天氣越來越?jīng)鏊?。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我們的學校變得越來越美麗。10 .

20、the +比較級 the+比較級”-. 表示 越越”這一句型表示前者和后者在程度上同樣增加或減小，越-越 -；這一句型的前半旬是從旬，后半旬是主句，比較級可以是adj,也可是adv.主句是將來時，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。The harder you work ,the greater progress you llmake .The more one has ,the more one wants .越有越貪(人欲無窮)此結(jié)構(gòu)可省略的成分較多。The more ,the better .The sooner ,the better.(2019.4.20/27)anxious and

21、relaxed the learners, their language acquisition.A. The less; much ;the better B. Less ; more ; betterC. More ; less ; worseD. The more ; less ; the worse D比較級形式表示最高級含義；主語所描述的事物比其他任何一個都1 .any other + 單數(shù)名詞all the other + 復數(shù)名詞主語+比較級+ than anyone else/ any + 名詞 + elseany of the other + 復數(shù)名詞注意； 比較等級應注意避

22、免和包括自己的對象比。若主語與比較對象在統(tǒng)一范圍內(nèi)，必須加 other / else ，以排除掉本身，若不在同一范圍，則不需用other / else.Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.李明是班上最聰明的學生。Shanghai is bigger than all the other cities in China .He jumps higher than anyone else in his class .China is larger than any countries in Africa. 中

23、國比非洲上的任何國家都大。2 .not,never 之類的否定詞與形容詞或副詞的比較級連用，即；"否定詞語+比較級"， 或 "否定詞語+ so as",表示最高級，含義為：再沒有比更的了。not / never + a/ an + 比較級 +單數(shù)名詞常在比較級前加不定冠詞，表示泛指。Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.It is not a better idea.這是再好不過的一個辦法了。I have never hea

24、rd such an interesting story. 我從沒聽過比這更有趣的故了。No other book has a greater effect on my life. 沒有哪一本書比這本書對我的影響更大的了。=This book has the greatest effect on my life.第 7 頁典型例題；1. Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? -. I love getting close to nature.A.I couldn ' atgree more B. I ' mfraid not. C.I believ

25、e not D.I don' think so.A2. China is larger thanin Asia .A. any country B. any other counties C. any country else D. any counties else C3. How beautifully she sang ! I have never heardsong .A. the better B. a better C. the best D. a best B3 .would rather than ""prefer to '"'preferto do rather than這三個句型表示寧愿而不愿；喜歡勝過一；寧愿做而不愿做 '含義。雖無比較級形式，但表示比較級含 義。He would rather die than give in.他寧死不屈。He preferred to go out rather than stay home.他寧愿