英語必修ⅳ人教新課標(biāo)同步知識(shí)點(diǎn)學(xué)練考--非謂語動(dòng)詞-ing形

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞- ing - ing 形式做狀語形式做狀語2動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語形式作狀語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作狀語，在句中形式可以作狀語，在句中表示時(shí)間、原表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間、原形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴因、條件、讓步狀語時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語時(shí)常位于句末。隨情況狀語時(shí)常位于句末?！窘谭ㄌ轿鼋谭ㄌ轿觥?E.g.: 1.walking along the street, I met Mary=

2、while I was walking along the street, I met Mary 2.Having got home, I found my book missing=After I got home, I found my book missing動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作狀語表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)形式可以作狀語表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，表與主句的謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如間狀語從句，表與主句的謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如果從句的謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前，用動(dòng)果從句的謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前，用動(dòng)詞詞-ing的完成時(shí)態(tài)即的完成時(shí)態(tài)即having +P.P 44.Turning

3、to the left, you will find the school= If you turn to the left, you will find the school表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句 5.Knowing where I live, he never come to see me.=Though he knows where I live, he never come to see me 表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句3.Being tired, I stopped to take a rest=Because

4、I was tired, I stopped to take a rest表原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句表原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句56. I stood there, waiting for her =I stood there and waited for her 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)并列結(jié)構(gòu)7.it rains heavily, causing severe flooding in the area=It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in t

5、he area表結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句表結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句6分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語是句子的主語，若分詞的邏分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語是句子的主語，若分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，分詞需要帶有自己的主語，輯主語不是句子的主語，分詞需要帶有自己的主語，從而構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)從而構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)E.g. :1.My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didnt want the children to play together (析：析：現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞explain是句子主語是句子主語my wife做的動(dòng)作，它們之做

6、的動(dòng)作，它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即explain的邏輯主語就是句子的主語的邏輯主語就是句子的主語my wife).2.The train having gone, we had to wait another day 。(析：因?yàn)榈奈觯阂驗(yàn)榈膅o動(dòng)作不是句子的主格發(fā)出的，所以必須動(dòng)作不是句子的主格發(fā)出的，所以必須加上自己的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者加上自己的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者the train 邏輯主語邏輯主語+having done即為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)即為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))7獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)v-ing的用法的用法81. 英語中一些固定表示獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的v-ing有：Generally speaking 一般說來

7、/坦白地說Judging from 根據(jù) 判斷Supposing/ soppose+從句 假使 Providing/provided +從句 假使 Granting/granted +從句 即使 ConsideringSeeing that 鑒于 ，考慮到 Given thatTalking of 談到 E.g. : Generally speaking, I forgot to tell her this matter.91011語態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(no

8、t)having been doneV-ing【學(xué)法引導(dǎo)學(xué)法引導(dǎo)】12V-ing作狀語的用法作狀語的用法V-ing短語在句子中作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間，原短語在句子中作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間，原因，結(jié)果，條件，方式或伴隨動(dòng)作等。因，結(jié)果，條件，方式或伴隨動(dòng)作等。13Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)Waiting for the bus, he read a copy of

9、China Daily.(=While waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.)1. 表時(shí)間狀語表時(shí)間狀語142.表原因狀語表原因狀語Being ill, he didnt go to school.(=as he was ill, he didnt go to school.)Being a student, you should study hard.(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.)既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生, 你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。由于想到

10、它或許在家由于想到它或許在家, 所以我就給他打了電話。所以我就給他打了電話。Thinking he might be at home, I called him.(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)15 3.表方式、伴隨情況的狀語表方式、伴隨情況的狀語: 作伴隨狀語的分詞表示的動(dòng)作作伴隨狀語的分詞表示的動(dòng)作, 必須是必須是主語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作主語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作, 或是或是與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài)或狀態(tài))同時(shí)發(fā)生同時(shí)發(fā)生, 或是或是對(duì)謂語表示的動(dòng)詞對(duì)謂語表示的動(dòng)詞(或狀態(tài)或狀態(tài))作進(jìn)一步作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說明地補(bǔ)充說明。e.g.

11、 He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)16他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。_ , they went into the classroom.他斜靠他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。著墻站著。He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)Laughing and talking174.表結(jié)果表結(jié)果e.g. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her wit

12、h her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲, 使它成了一首使它成了一首最受歡迎的歌曲。最受歡迎的歌曲。The song is sung all over the country,_.making it the most popular song185. 表?xiàng)l件表?xiàng)l件Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a

13、 way.)一直往前走一直往前走, 你就會(huì)看到一座白色地房子。你就會(huì)看到一座白色地房子。_, you will see a white house.Walking ahead196.與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格: I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard我等汽車時(shí)我等汽車時(shí),一只鳥落到我頭上。一只鳥落到我頭上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了,他們失望地離開了。他們失望地離開了。Time

14、 permitting, well do another two exercises. 如果時(shí)間允許如果時(shí)間允許, 我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。20有時(shí)也可用有時(shí)也可用with (without) +名詞名詞(代詞賓格代詞賓格)+分詞形式。分詞形式。With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。7.作獨(dú)立成分作獨(dú)立成分: Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看從外表看, 他一定是個(gè)演員。他一定是個(gè)演員。21注意：注意： 1. 當(dāng)當(dāng)v-in

15、g形式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前形式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，應(yīng)使用完成式：時(shí)，應(yīng)使用完成式：having doneHaving finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.2. 當(dāng)當(dāng)v-ing形式與句子的主語之間存在著邏輯上的動(dòng)賓形式與句子的主語之間存在著邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)式：關(guān)系時(shí)，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)式：being doneBeing helped by the teacher, she will learn English well.223. 當(dāng)當(dāng)v-ing形式被動(dòng)式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之形式

16、被動(dòng)式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，被動(dòng)式應(yīng)使用完成式：前時(shí)，被動(dòng)式應(yīng)使用完成式：having been doneHaving been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.Having been translated into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world.23【模擬練習(xí)模擬練習(xí)】1. The student sat there, _ what to do. A. doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not

17、know D. not knowingD現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加加not (never)242. _ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not knownA253. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the presi

18、dent.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 4. European foot ball is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to makeBA26【真題再現(xiàn)真題再現(xiàn)】（2012 天津卷） He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched.A.left B. to leave C

19、. leaving D. having left27（2012 福建卷） Pressed from his parents, and _that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realized C. to realize D. being realized【答案】A【解析】首先要弄清楚本句中的and連接的成分是非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語，主語與press是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但是與realize是主動(dòng)，“被父母迫使同時(shí)自己也意識(shí)到他已經(jīng)浪費(fèi)了太多時(shí)間，這個(gè)男孩決定停止玩電腦游戲。本題考查非謂語