人教版八年級英語下冊Unit-1--Unit-3-單元知識點歸納(共15頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Unit 1 Whats the matter? 知識點總結(jié)I. 基本知識點1. Whats the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？Whats the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.?2. I had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu           

2、0;        have a fever               have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼      have a toothache牙疼         &

3、#160;     have a headache頭疼3. 身體部位+ache（疼痛）構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合詞stomach+ache=stomachache    head+ache=headache   tooth+ache=toothache    back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+    ，意為     &#

4、160;  ，too much+          ，意為               。5. enough【形容、副詞】足夠的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足夠好，enough money=money money6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺著，過去式lay，過去

5、分詞lie說謊，過去式lied，過去分詞lay ，過去式 ，過去分詞 7. maybe “或許”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be，是情態(tài)動詞+be的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“可能，也許”，后加名詞、代詞或形容詞。He may be angry.8. sound like+名詞、代詞和從句：It sounds like you dont know the truth.               

6、   sound+形容詞，“聽起來，好像”，The music sounds nice.9. need 需要，實義動詞need+名詞，需要某物；   need to do sth.需要做某事，主語通常是人，表示人主動的動作：You need to listen carefully during class.   need doing sth.主語通常是物，表示被動的動作：Your dirty clothes need  washing.10. get off (the bus

7、) 下（公交車） get on 上車11. agree 同意，贊同；同意做某事                                   ，同意某人的看法、觀點   &#

8、160;                              。12. trouble問題，麻煩 ；be in trouble             &

9、#160;                 ，make trouble                       ，have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doi

10、ng sth.have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth. 13. right away=right now=at once，意為                                   。14.【

11、復(fù)習(xí)】 advice  不可數(shù)名詞勸告，建議，向征求意見                                      ， give sb. advice on sth

12、.就某事給某人建議； advise 動詞 advise sb. to do sth.       advise doing                                 &

13、#160;                       .15. 【復(fù)習(xí)】exercise 動詞意為                     

14、; ，可數(shù)時意為                             ，不可數(shù)時意為                 

15、0;            。16. hurt 及物動詞，使疼痛，受傷，He hurt his leg while exercising.             不及物動詞，（部位）疼。   His leg hurt badly.17. clean  【動詞】

16、0;                 ，clean the classroom                       ，【形容詞】     &#

17、160;                ，cleaner意為            。18. hit  （用手或器具）打；擊打  The boy hit the dog with a stone.      hit sb

18、. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位；      hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。19. be used to sth./ doing sth.習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了、做某事，強調(diào)狀態(tài)；His grandpa was used to country life.      Mary is not used

19、 to getting up early in the morning.      get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “變得習(xí)慣，逐漸適應(yīng)”強調(diào)過程、動作：Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20.  【復(fù)習(xí)】free 形容詞空閑的free time；免費的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird.

20、be free to do     free【動詞】使解脫，得到自由He could not free his arm.free from21. run out用完，用盡 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth. tun out. 某物用盡了。    人sb. run out of物sth.人用盡了某物。He run out of all h

21、is money last night.22. risk sth to do sth. 冒著.的風(fēng)險去做某事  take a risk=take risks 冒險risk doing .=take the risk of doing .23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性  We students should know the importance of (learning) English.      importance

22、   n.  重要（性），  important  adj.重要的，unimportant adj.24. decision  【名詞】決定；抉擇；   make a decision to do sth.decide25. be in the control of 掌管，管理  The headmaster is in the control of this new school.   

23、0;  be out of control無法控制，無法管理    be under control被控制住，在控制之中26. 【復(fù)習(xí)】mind意為 介意  ， Would you mind my opening the window?27. give up (doing) sth. 放棄（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名詞、代詞和動詞ing形式，也可不接，如 Never give up easily.

24、0;II. 重點短語1. have a fever 發(fā)燒 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼4. talk too much 說得太多 5. drink enough water 喝足夠的水6. have a cold 受涼;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉嚨痛10. lie down and rest 躺下來休息 11. hot te

25、a w ith honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶12. see a dentist 看牙醫(yī) 13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片14. take one s temperature 量體溫 15. put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷藥16. feel very hot 感到很熱 17. sound like 聽起來像 18. all weekend 整個周末19. in the same way  以同樣的方式 20. go to a doctor 

26、看醫(yī)生 21. go along 沿著走22. on the side of the road 在馬路邊 23. shout for help 大聲呼救24. without thinking twice 沒有多想 25. get off 下車 26. have a heart problem 有心臟病27. to one s surprise 使. 驚訝的 28. thanks to 多虧了 ；由于 29. in time 及時30. save a/ones life 挽救生命 lo

27、se one's life 31. get into trouble 造成麻煩32. right away 立刻；馬上 33. because of 由于 34. get out of 離開;從出萍35. hurt oneself 受傷 36. put a bandage on sth. 用繃帶包扎37. fa ll down 摔倒 38. feel sick 感到惡心 39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee 割傷他的膝蓋 41. put her

28、 head back 把她的頭向后仰42. have problems breathing 呼吸困難 43. mountain climbing 登山運動44. be used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣做某事 45. run out (of) 用完;用盡46. so that 以便 47. so. . . that 如此 以至于48. be in control of 掌管;管理 49. in a difficult situation 在閑境屮50. keep on doing sth.

29、0;繼續(xù)或堅持做某事 51. make a decision 做出決定52. take risks 冒險 53. give up 放棄III. 重點語法【反身代詞】英語中共有八個反身代詞，在使用時應(yīng)注意和它所指的相應(yīng)的對象在人稱、性別、數(shù)上保持一致。數(shù)   人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself  herself  itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves 【用法】1.  可用作賓語，指的是賓語和主語表示同

30、一個或同一些的人或事物。如：Maria bought herself a scarf.                               We must look after ourselves very well. 2.  可用作表語，指的是表語和

31、主語表示同一個或同一些人或事物。   如： She isnt quite herself today.3.  可用作主語或賓語的同位語，常用來加強語氣。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.                         I

32、met the writer himself last week. 4.  用在某些固定短語當(dāng)中。如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自學(xué) enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過得愉快  help oneself to sth 請自用（隨便吃/喝些）.  hurt oneself摔傷自己  say to oneself自

33、言自語  leave sb. by oneself把某人單獨留下  buy oneself sth.給自己買東西 introduce oneself 介紹自己 【提醒】1.  反身代詞不能單獨做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強調(diào)作用。 如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。（誤）Myself can finish my homework.   (正)  I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework mysel

34、f.2.  反身代詞表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的東西”，因為它沒有所有格的形式。表達(dá)“某人自己的（東西）”時，須要用ones own.  如：我用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。（誤）Im drawing with myself crayons.  (正)  Im drawing with my own crayons.Unit2 單元總結(jié).詞形 give-gave-givencome-came-comeput-put-putmake-made-made set-set-setbreak-broke-broken take-

35、took-takenunderstand-understood-understoodstrong-stronglyfeel-feelingown-ownerable-disabled-unabledifficult-difficultydifferent-differencekind-kindnesstrain-training-trainer.詞組1. clean up清掃，打掃 2. cheer up（使）振作起來，高興起來 3. put up張貼4. call sb. up (= make a telephone call to sb.)給某人打電話5. give out = hand

36、out分發(fā)，發(fā)放6. give away捐贈；贈送 7. give up放棄 8. tell sb. about/of sth告訴某人關(guān)于某事9. in an after-school study program在課外輔導(dǎo)活動中10. make a plan = plan 制定計劃11. from now (on)從現(xiàn)在起 12. make some notices發(fā)通知，發(fā)布通告13. come up with 提出，想出 14. in an old peoples home在敬老院15. help out with 幫忙解決某事16. read the newspaper to the o

37、ld people給老年人讀報17. tell me the stories about the past給我講關(guān)于過去的故事18. used to do sth.過去常常做某事；曾經(jīng)19. care for = take care of = look after照顧，關(guān)愛20. one day（過去或?qū)淼模┠骋惶?21. some day（將來）總有一天22. get his future dream job得到他理想中的工作 23. hard work艱苦的工作24. work hard努力工作 25. such a strong feeling of satisfaction如此強烈的

38、滿足感26. get better康復(fù) 27. the look of joy on their owners faces主人臉上快樂的表情28. at the age of 在歲時 29. try out for參加選拔 30. a dream come true夢想成真31. at the same time同時 32. put off推遲，延期 33. be busy with sth.忙于某事34. be busy doing sth.忙于做某事35. worry about = be worried about擔(dān)心36. make money = earn money賺錢 37. r

39、aise money for為捐錢38. in the free time在閑暇之余 39. run out of 用完40. take after = be similar to = look/be like像 41. fix up修理，修繕42. not any more = no more不再 43. write to sb.給某人寫信44. feel/be lonely感到孤獨 45. a lonely village一個偏僻的小鄉(xiāng)村46. travel alone (= by oneself = on ones own)獨自旅行 47. set up建立，創(chuàng)立48. make it

40、adj. for sb. to do sth.使某人做某事 49. disabled people殘疾人 50. make a big difference to 對有很大影響 51. make no difference to 對沒有影響52. answer the telephone接電話53. a friend of mine = one of my friends我的一個朋友（雙重所有格）54. be excited about對感到興奮 55. at once = right away= 立刻，馬上56. send sb. sth = send sth. to sb.寄（送）給某人某

41、物 57. best wishes衷心的祝福58. be strong in = do well in = be good at擅長做某事 59. work out fine產(chǎn)生好的結(jié)果；成功60. in need有需要地 61. decide to do決定做某事 62. volunteer to do義務(wù)做某事重要語言點1. not only but (also)  不但 而且 用來連接兩個并列的成分(1)引導(dǎo)以 not only but (also) 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。因此 Not only do I feel goo

42、d but (also). 是倒裝句。也是說得要把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態(tài)動詞放在主語的前面。如：   Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.我不僅能做到而且做得最好。  Not onlybut (also) 接兩主語時，謂語動詞隨后面的主語人稱和數(shù)的變化 也就是就近原則如：  Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。  Not only you

43、 but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。常見的就近原則的結(jié)構(gòu)有：Neither nor即不也不 (兩者都不)Neither you nor I like him. Either or 不是就是 (兩者中的一個)Either Lily or you are a student.Not only but (also)There/Here be. or.2. join 參加 (指參加團(tuán)體、組織)  如：join the Party 入黨   take p

44、art in 參加 (指參加活動)  如：take part in sports meeting 參加運動會3. run out 與 run out of  run out (become used up). 其主語往往為物。如時間，食物，金錢，油等，本身就含有被動意義。     His money soon ran out. 他的錢很快就花光了。     My patience has

45、 completely run out. 我沒有一點耐心了。     Our time is running out. 我們剩下的時間不多了。  run out of 主語為人，表示主動含義。   He is always running out of money before pay day. 他總是在發(fā)工資的日子還沒有到就把錢花完了。   兩者在一定條件下可以互換  如：The petrol is ru

46、nning out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我們快把汽油用完了。     Our time is running out. 我們剩下的時間不多了。= We are running out of time. 語法.動詞不定式： To do sth is . /It be adj.for/of sb. to do sth.(真正的主語) v.+ to do (作賓語)/make/think/find it adj. to do （真正的賓語） v.+ sb.+ to

47、 do(作賓補)to do （作狀語，表目的、結(jié)果、原因等） 作定語，放在所修飾的詞的后面 what/how to do.(復(fù)合不定式).動詞短語： v.+ adv.(后跟名詞、代詞、動名詞。代詞賓格放中間) v.+ prep. v.+ adv. + prep. v.+ n. + prep.IV. 提供幫助的交際用語1. What are you going to do when you see the hungry people?當(dāng)看到饑餓的人，你將做什么？2.What kind of volunteer work do you think you could do?你認(rèn)為你能做哪種義務(wù)工作

48、？3. What would you like to do to help the homeless people?你想做什么幫助無家可歸的人？4. If you see these things or problems, what will you do?如果看到這些事情或問題，你將會做什么？5. Im going to set up a food bank/a charity to help the hungry people.我打算建立一個食品救濟(jì)站/一個慈善機(jī)構(gòu)來幫助饑餓的人。6. I will work outside.我將出去工作。7. You could help clean u

49、p the city parks.你可以幫助打掃城市公園。8. You could help kids with their schoolwork.你可以幫助孩子們學(xué)習(xí)功課。9. You could start a Chinese History Club.你可以開辦一個中國歷史俱樂部。.話題本單元圍繞“volunteering and charity”，向別人提供幫助。寫作中可用的重點句式： Id like to volunteer to （想從事的志愿工作) Im strong in/Im good at （自己的興趣和愛好） In my free time, I like to ., s

50、o I think I can do this job well. （自己的優(yōu)點怎么有助于做好該工作） I want to help out as a volunteer in your old peoples home/museum/ because I （做這件事的理由） Im free to help in/on/at（什么時間）Unit Three 知識匯總.詞形 sweep-swept-sweptthrow-threw-thrownlend-lent-lentdrop-dropped- -dropped depend-independent-independencedevelop-d

51、eveloped-developed-developingfair-fairness-unfairII. 短語 1. make polite requests =make requests politely禮貌地發(fā)出請求2. ask for permission 請求允許（許可） 3. clean your room 打掃你的房間4. do chores 做雜活 do chores at home 在家里做雜活5. discuss with sb (about sth)=have a discussion with sb (about sth)和.討論（某事）6. do the dishes

52、洗餐具 6. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾7.fold the (ones) clothes疊衣服 8. sweep the floor掃地9. make the (ones)bed 整理床鋪，鋪床 10. clean the living room打掃起居室11. come over （to）過來， 順便來訪. 12. All right 好吧！13. Lets see.咱們想想 14. Let me see.讓我想想 15. no problem 沒問題16. go out for dinner 出去吃飯 17stay out late 在外面待到很晚18. go to

53、 the movies 去看電影 19. get a ride 搭車20. give sb a ride (to.) 讓某人搭車（去.)21. work on 從事 22. finish doing sth. 完成做某事 23. clean your room打掃你的房間24. help sb out with sth幫助某人做. 25. at least 至少 at most至多26. come home from school/ work放學(xué)/下班回家 27. be back from shopping 購物回來28. any time 隨時 29. see this mess看到這樣亂

54、30. read the story (for sb)為.讀故事31. be angry with sb about sth （因某事）和某人生氣 32. solve the problem解決問題33. welcome sb.（to .) 歡迎某人(到.來） 34. throw down sth扔掉/下.35. sit down in front of TV在電視機(jī)前坐下 36. take sb. for a walk 帶某人去散步37. go out for a walk出去散步 38. all the time 一直;總是 39. all day/evening 整曰/夜40. do h

55、ousework 做家務(wù) 41. shout back 大聲回應(yīng) 42. walk away 走開了43. the next day第二天 44.find the house clean and tidy 發(fā)現(xiàn)房子干凈整潔的45. share the housework 分擔(dān)家務(wù) 46. a comfortable home 一個舒適的家47. in surprise 驚訝地,吃驚地 48. get something to drink 拿點喝的東西49. watch one show 觀看一個節(jié)目 50. hang out with sb和.閑逛51. pass sb. sth=pass s

56、th to sb 把某物傳給某人 52. borrow sth from sb(sp)從.借出.53. lend sb. sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借給某人 54. get sth. wet 使某物弄濕55. hate to do sth. 討厭做某事 56. hate (doing) sth討厭（做）某事57. help sb. (to ) d o /with sth幫助某人干某事 58. bring a tent帶頂帳篷來59. buy some drinks and snacks買些飲料和小吃 60. go to the store去商店61. invite sb. t

57、o a party邀請某人參加聚會 62. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事63. buy sth for sb=buy sb sth為.買. 64. be careful with sth小心使用某物65. have enough stress from有來足夠的來自.的壓力66. a waste of ones time浪費某人的時間 67. get good grades取得好成績68. get into a good university 進(jìn)入一所好大學(xué) 69. mind doing sth. 介意做某事70. depend on依賴;依靠71. Theres no ne

58、ed for sb to do sth對.來說，沒必要做.72. in order to為了,目的是=so that =in order that.73. provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.為.提供.74. develop childrens independence發(fā)展孩子的獨立能力75. look after/take care of/care for 照顧 76. learn how to do sth.學(xué)習(xí)怎樣做某事77. do ones part in (doing ) sth.做某人分內(nèi)的事 78. keep it clean an

59、d tidy保持干凈整潔79. understand the idea of fairness 懂得公平意識 80. have no idea =dont know 不知道81. as a result結(jié)果 82. fall ill /be ill 生病 83. Its fair for sb to do sth對某人來說，做.是公平的III. 重點句型1. 表示請求的句型及應(yīng)答語：Could /will you please do sth？肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Certainly./ Of course. / No problem/OK/All right/With pleas

60、ure. 否定回答：Sorry, I cant. I have to do sth/Im going to do sth/I am doing sth2. 請求許可的句型及應(yīng)答語：Could I/we do sth?肯定回答：Certainly./Of course./sure./ No problem否定回答：No, you cant.&說明理由。3.There is (no )need for sb. to do sth.對某人來說有/沒有必要做某事4.It is not enough to do sth.做某事還不夠5.發(fā)表觀點的句式：I think that./ I belie

61、ve that/ I agree that/ I disagree that/ I think it is fair for sb. to do sth. / I think it is unfair for sb. to do sth.I think children should/ shouldnt .6. try ( not) to do sth. 7. learn (how) to do sth. 8. sb. spend +時間+ (in) doing sth.= It takes sb.時間to do sth某人花費時間做某事 Sb. spend some money on sth

62、.某人在某人/事上花費多少錢 Sb pay some money for sth.某人花多少錢買某物 Sth. cost sb. some momey.某物花費某人多少錢 Sth. cost some momey某物值多少錢9. Neither +系動詞/情態(tài)動詞/ 助動詞+ 主語 ：表示“也不” Neither A nor B + 動詞(就近原則) : 表示” 既不.也不.” Neither of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)/代詞 +動詞單三: 表示”（兩者）中任何一個都不”IV. 重點語言點:1. help out動詞短語，表示在某人繁忙或 遇到困難時“給予幫助”。 help和out之間還可以加入具體的

63、“人”。 e.g. He helped me out with my task.他幫我完成了任務(wù)。They helped (us) out with the clean-up.他們幫助我們做大掃除。2.any minute now 一種常見的口語表達(dá)法，相當(dāng)于“隨時；馬上；在任何時刻”的意思，表示事情有可能在極短的時間內(nèi)發(fā)生或眼下就要發(fā)生。minute還可以用second, moment, time等詞替換。e.g. Dont worry, he will come here any minute now.別擔(dān)心, 他會馬上來這兒。 3.take 有關(guān)的短語:take out 帶出去,取出 P

64、lease take out a piece of paper.take .out “把帶出去” My father is taking me out to go for a drive.(1)take off 脫下；（飛機(jī)）起飛-Please take off your coat, Its warm here.-The plane took off at 9:00 am.(2) take to 把.帶到.(3) take sb. for a walk 帶某人去散步(4) take exercise 運動，鍛煉(5) take ones time 不用急，慢慢來(6) take a bus(s

65、hip/train)乘坐公共汽車(7) take turns 輪流，替換(8) It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費某人多長時間4. a few 少數(shù)；幾個 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 表肯定 few 幾乎沒有的；很少的 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 表否定 a little 一點；少許 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表肯定little 幾乎沒有的；很少的 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表否定5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did Nor/neither +be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語 某人也不.neither 用作副

66、詞，作“也不”解釋，放在句首，表示前面否定的內(nèi)容也適用于另一個人或物，句子須采用部分倒裝。此時也可用nor替換 neither 使用。例如： I dont like this dress. 我不喜歡這件連衣裙。 Neither / Nor do I. 我也不喜歡。neither 用作代詞，表示“兩者都不，雙方均不”。例如：He answered neither of the letters.他兩封信都沒回。  Which one

67、0;would you like?  你喜歡哪一個？ Neither.兩個都不喜歡。 neither.nor. 既不.也不eg:Neither you nor I am right.So +be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語 某人也是如此So +主語+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞(表示對上句情況的肯定或重復(fù)） 某人確實如此。 如：Betty is a nice girl. So she is .6.also, too, either, neither 的用法1). also 是比較正式的用語，語氣較莊重。它通常放在句中，位于行為動詞之前，連系動詞之后; 如有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，

68、一般放在助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。例如: Peter also has two brothers. 彼得也有兩個兄弟。 I am also a student. 我也是一名學(xué)生。 Mrs. Green can also sing the song in Chinese. 格林夫人也能用漢語唱這首歌。 2). too 是普通用詞，多用于口語，語氣較隨便。一般用在肯定句和一般疑問句的句末。例如: Im in Row 1, too. 我也在第一排。注意：also和too一般都用于肯定句，很少用于否定句。3). either 表示“也”時，一般只用于否定句，且置于句末。例如: I dont know him. Tom doesnt know him, either. 我不認(rèn)識他，湯姆也不認(rèn)識他。 If you dont go there, he wont go there, either. 如果你不去那兒，他也不會去那兒。 注意：either 本身沒有否定的意義。所以多與 not 連用。 7. neither 表示“兩個都不”，它作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如：Neither of you can do it. 你們兩個都不能做這件事。8. It is the parentsjob t