專題二　閱讀補(bǔ)全

1、專題二 閱讀補(bǔ)全說(shuō)明文專練題組一A（2019黑龍江哈三中二模）A Few Active Listening GuidelinesListening is arguably the most important element of interpersonal communication. Our ability to listen well impacts the quality of all of our relationships, and not just at home with our family and friendsit can also affect our relation

2、ships and interactions on the job, as well as the effectiveness and quality of our work.1 Instead, it is a skill that must be cultivated and practiced. Active listening means the difference between simply hearing and listening with the intent to truly understand. It is a subtle but important distinc

3、tion.1.Give focused attention.Try to minimize external(外部的) distractions. Turn down the noise, and put down or step away from what youre doing if possible. 2Dont watch the clock, fidget (坐立不安) or go over your to do list for later.2. 3Direct eye contact shows your attention and intention to listen. T

4、his doesnt mean stare though. Be reasonable, but try not to let your eyes wander to whatever is going on around you.3.Reflect back.Restate, but dont repeat word for word. Paraphrase what you think the other party is saying with responses such as:“What Im hearing is.” or “Let me see if Im following y

5、ou.” 44.Respond appropriately.Be open and honest in your responses. Share your thoughts, insights and feelings in a clear, but respectful and considerate manner even if you disagree.Active listening is a model for good communication. 5It takes practice to develop active listening skills, and its a h

6、abit that has to be reinforced(加強(qiáng)). Remind yourself that the goal of conversation is not merely to trade words, but to truly understand what the other party is saying and to be understood in turn.A.Maintain eye contact.B.Instead, focus on what is being said.C.You do not have to agree on everything.D

7、.Also, set aside other internal thinking and dialogue.E.Listening is not something that comes naturally or easily for most of us.F.Reflecting what youve heard signals that youre attempting to understand fully.G.Remember that listening is not just to gather information and share ideas, but also to ga

8、in perspective and understanding.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.  答案語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為說(shuō)明文，介紹了幾種積極傾聽的方法。1.E過(guò)渡句。上一段講了積極傾聽的作用，下一句講到它需要被培養(yǎng)、被練習(xí)。E選項(xiàng)意為“對(duì)于我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，傾聽不是自然而然得到的，也不是容易的事”，此處作為過(guò)渡句，承上啟下。2.D細(xì)節(jié)句。該段第一句意為“要盡量使外部干擾最小化”，后面的句子列舉排除干擾的措施。D選項(xiàng)中的Also承接上文，都是排除干擾的具體做法。3.A主旨句。該空為標(biāo)題句，概括下段主旨大意。A項(xiàng)意為“保持眼神接觸”，下面具體講述眼神接觸的作用和如何做到眼神接觸。4.F歸納

9、句。該空前文講述怎樣反饋?zhàn)约核牭降?，該空位于該段最后，起到總結(jié)前文的作用，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)意為“反饋你所聽到的表示你一直在盡力充分理解”。5.G細(xì)節(jié)句。上句意為“積極傾聽是好的交流的典范”。G項(xiàng)意為“記住傾聽不僅僅是收集信息和分享想法，而且也是為了獲得正確的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解”，表明傾聽有助于交流。B（2019山西二模）Most people will agree that it is good to read, but not all reading is equal. Here are some tips for productive reading.1.Take notes.Even if you nev

10、er refer to your notes again, the process of taking notes helps you sort out something important and will help you remember it. You can choose either computers or paper for your notes. 1On the other hand, many people feel they recall information better when they write it by hand.2. 2If you are like

11、me, once you commit to reading a book, it is very hard to give up until youve finished it. Given the number of books that are available and our limited life, it just doesnt make sense to read a book that you arent getting anything from.3.Variety is good.While you dont want to give up a book that you

12、 are benefiting from, it is important to give yourself variety. You can pick up a book at random or intentionally looking for something different from what you normally read. 34.Review what youve read.If you want to remember what you read, take the time to review. 4 When you finish a book, spend 15

13、minutes examining your notes in 2 to 4 days. Then 2 to 4 weeks after that and then 2 to 4 months after that. This will strengthen the knowledge in your mind.5.Discuss what you read with others.5If you can talk with people in person, that is ideal, but dont overlook the power of the Internet in conne

14、cting people with similar interests but different geography.A.Dont be afraid to give up.B.Make full use of reading time.C.Its hard to get more out of your normal reading.D.This can be very valuable in giving you a different opinion.E.And youd better go over things at ever increasing time intervals.F

15、.Using computers will make it easy to find your notes later.G.The best way to get more from your reading is to discuss it with others.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.  答案語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為說(shuō)明文，介紹了五條適于有效閱讀的建議。1.F本句為過(guò)渡句。上句提出，你可以選擇用電腦或紙記筆記。下句指出，另一方面，許多人認(rèn)為當(dāng)他們用手書寫時(shí)能更好地回憶起信息。F項(xiàng)意為“使用電腦會(huì)使你之后容易找到你的筆記”，能很好地銜接上下文，故F項(xiàng)正確。2.A本句為主題句。閱讀本段可

16、知，如果你像我一樣，一旦你投入讀一本書就很難放棄直到你讀完它?？紤]到可讀的書的數(shù)量和我們有限的生命，讀一本你從中沒(méi)有任何收獲的書恰恰是沒(méi)有意義的。A項(xiàng)符合本段主旨，意為“不要害怕放棄”，故A項(xiàng)正確。3.D本句為總結(jié)句。上句指出，你可以任意或有目的地挑選一本書，尋找不同于你平常讀的東西。D項(xiàng)意為“這種做法在給你不同的觀點(diǎn)方面是很有價(jià)值的”，故D項(xiàng)正確。4.E本句為細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出，如果你想記住你所讀的，就花時(shí)間去復(fù)習(xí)。E項(xiàng)意為“然后你最好在任何不斷增加的時(shí)間間隔期間復(fù)習(xí)東西”，故E項(xiàng)正確。5.G本句為主題句。本段的主題為“和其他人討論你所讀的”。G項(xiàng)意為“最好的從閱讀中獲得更多的方式是和別人討論

17、”，故G項(xiàng)正確。C（2019安徽合肥第二次質(zhì)檢）Whats the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. 1 Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times.Understand the addict

18、ive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian (爬蟲類的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, to “l(fā)ook good”. Lets just face it. 2 So the first step in growi

19、ng patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patienceanger, impatience, blame and shame. We all have them. And we can grow beyond them.Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutionswe try to change the other per

20、son, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing thats the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 3Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us dont really realize it when we are feeling even the smallestbut ve

21、ry presentpainful feelings. 4 But to really care for ourselves, get curious about whats actually happening at the moment inside you. Focusing on whats actually happening, and you can notice the worry of not wanting whats happening.5When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can re

22、mind yourself that you are growing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens to me when Im bothered.” You can say to yourself, “Its true. I dont like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”A.Practice positive selftalk.B.So the solution to pain is an inside job.C.Pat

23、ience abilities benefit you in many ways.D.Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times.E.We ignore the fact that were in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.F.The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habitforming.G.Effective ways are recom

24、mended to train ourselves to work with little pains and annoyances.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.  答案語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了培養(yǎng)耐心的幾個(gè)有效的方法。1.G根據(jù)空前一句以及空后一句“Thus, when the big ones come, we will. hard times.”可知，成功地培養(yǎng)耐心需要花費(fèi)精力，因而推薦一些有效的方法用來(lái)訓(xùn)練我們應(yīng)對(duì)痛苦及煩惱的能力，因此當(dāng)更大的麻煩來(lái)臨時(shí)，我們將已經(jīng)有耐心應(yīng)對(duì)困難時(shí)期。故G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。2.F根據(jù)空后的“So the first step.blame a

25、nd shame.”可推知，保護(hù)我們自己和我們認(rèn)為有價(jià)值的東西的沖動(dòng)是完全成習(xí)慣的，因此要做的就是了解負(fù)面情緒根深蒂固的本性。故選F。3.B根據(jù)空前一句“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing thats the source of our pain, but how our mind is set.”可知，問(wèn)題不是出現(xiàn)在引起痛苦的外在因素上面，而是出現(xiàn)在我們的思考方式上，因此解決痛苦是一種內(nèi)在的活動(dòng)。故選B。4.E根據(jù)空前一句“Most of us dont really realize it.painful feelings.

26、”及空后的“get curious about whats actually happening at the moment inside you”可知，我們經(jīng)常忽略了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即我們處于痛苦之中，而我們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)總是完全集中在解決問(wèn)題上。5.A根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和設(shè)空處所在位置可知，設(shè)空處為段落主題句。通讀本段可知，本段主要是說(shuō)要練習(xí)積極的自我暗示，故A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。題組二A（2019云南昆明調(diào)研）How to be a good listener to your familyCommunication is important to strong family relationships. 1

27、Working on your listening skills can help you communicate better and form stronger bonds.Listen actively. When listening to a family member, do not let your mind wander to other things. Its important to make your family members feel heard and valued. Put your phone away and give them your full atten

28、tion. Never think about other things when someone is talking. 2Repeat what has been said. Briefly summarizing what the speaker has said can go a long way toward effective communication. Everyone wants to feel valued and heard, so repeating a family members point can show you are listening. 3 It can

29、really allow you and your family to communicate better as well.4 Interrupting can put breaks on effective conversation. Always allow a few seconds of silence after someone finishes talking before offering your response. This allows you to make sure the speaker has finished talking. Do not talk over

30、someone either. No matter how curious you feel about a subject, do not start talking until the other person has finished.Avoid hurrying the speaker. 5 Do not break in before the speaker is finished just to hurry the speaker along. Never say things like, “Can you get to the point?” This will make it

31、seem like youre not interested in the conversation.A.Do not interrupt.B.Never rush the person into talking.C.Instead, focus on whats being said.D.People tend to pause when they speak.E.It can help you make sure you understand the speaker.F.When someone finishes talking, ask questions if necessary.G.

32、However, if you dont truly listen to others, it can be difficult to communicate.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.  答案語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。學(xué)習(xí)傾聽技巧可以幫助你與家人更好地交流,并建立更強(qiáng)的家庭紐帶。本文教你如何成為家里的好聽眾。1.G根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的“溝通對(duì)于牢固的家庭關(guān)系很重要?！焙驮O(shè)空處后的“提高你的傾聽技巧可以幫助你更好地交流,建立更牢固的關(guān)系?！笨芍?本段主要介紹交流和聆聽的關(guān)系,G項(xiàng)點(diǎn)明了兩者之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,故選G項(xiàng)。2.C設(shè)空處前有“當(dāng)有人說(shuō)話的時(shí)候,不要去想其他的事情?！钡慕钚蕴崾?因

33、此設(shè)空處需要點(diǎn)明正確的做法。C項(xiàng)中的 Instead意為“相反”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折，與前文想其他事相對(duì),點(diǎn)明應(yīng)該集中注意力。故選C項(xiàng)。3.E根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的“每個(gè)人都想要感到被重視和被傾聽,所以重復(fù)家庭成員的觀點(diǎn)可以表明你在傾聽?！笨芍?為了承接上文,此處應(yīng)點(diǎn)明重復(fù)家庭成員的觀點(diǎn)的好處。E項(xiàng)中的It指的是上文中的repeating a family members point。故選E項(xiàng)。4.A此空位于段首,為主題句,根據(jù)其他段主題句可知,此處應(yīng)該同樣使用短小精悍的祈使句,再根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的“Interrupting can put breaks on effective conversation.”(打斷

34、別人會(huì)打斷有效的談話。)可推知,A項(xiàng)中的interrupt與設(shè)空處后的Interrupting相呼應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)。5.B根據(jù)設(shè)空處后的“Do not break in before the speaker is finished just to hurry the speaker along.”(不要為了讓說(shuō)話人講快點(diǎn)而在他說(shuō)完之前打斷他。)可知,B項(xiàng)中的 rush the person into talking與 hurry the speaker along相呼應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)。B（2019河北石家莊一模）Three in five people in the UK hold a library

35、 card. For some, theyre a shelter from the stresses of daytoday life. 1 If youre considering joining your local library, now it is the right time to do so. And if you need any more encouragement, here are several reasons why you should.Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to

36、come and go as they like.2 You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.3 Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card. There are lots of modern ones， as well as originals，and you can continue

37、 to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time. Its a priceless experience, especially for kids, and also a great way to level the educational playing field.Libraries develop with times. They have changed greatly since decades ago. 4Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are d

38、ue back and even reserve books in some cases. There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile devicepretty cool.Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be or feel like a community.

39、They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centers. 5A.Libraries help people learn.B.Libraries help educate the kids.C.They create a great sense of community.D.You can go in, settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.E.Most libraries now have computers

40、 and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.F.Libraries help us save money as were borrowing books rather than buying them.G.For others， particularly the homeless and people in poverty, theyre a lifeline to the world.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.  答案語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了加入圖書館的原因。1.G根據(jù)上文“For some, theyre a shelter fro

41、m the stresses of daytoday life.”可知，對(duì)于一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，圖書館是一個(gè)躲避日常生活壓力的庇護(hù)所。由此可推知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)介紹圖書館對(duì)其他人的意義，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)選G項(xiàng)，其中For others與上句中的For some相對(duì)應(yīng)。2.D根據(jù)下文“You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free.”可知你也可以拿出借書證免費(fèi)借書，由此可推知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)介紹在圖書館免費(fèi)讀書的情況；而且D選項(xiàng)中的You can.與后面的You can also.相呼應(yīng)，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。3.A設(shè)空處為該段的主題句。根據(jù)該段內(nèi)

42、容可知，該段主要介紹圖書館可以幫助人學(xué)習(xí)，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。4.E根據(jù)該段的主題句“Libraries develop with times.”以及下文中的“Some libraries have apps.”可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)介紹現(xiàn)如今圖書館的情況,故設(shè)空處應(yīng)選E項(xiàng)。5.C根據(jù)該段的第一句可知，圖書館把大眾聚集在一起，成為了一個(gè)團(tuán)體。又根據(jù)設(shè)空處為該段的總結(jié)句，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。C（2019福建質(zhì)檢）Some people put their bicycles away once they learn how to drive a car. For many people， bicycling

43、is not just an easy way of getting around town but also an exciting sport. 1.One kind of race is the time trial. Each racer leaves the starting line at a different time and heads hard for the finishing line. The cyclist who covers the distance in the shortest amount of time wins the race. 2，because

44、the bicycles are spread out and are not likely to run into each other.Another kind of race is more difficult. A few city blocks are closed to traffic. Then all the racers line up in a tight pack and begin racing at the same time. 3. The race requires more than speed. It also requires skillful handli

45、ng of the bicycle as it runs at full speed around other bicycles. The racer who completes all the laps first is the winner.4. Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3，000 miles. The race course may be a straight stretch of road or a long series of roads across the country. The prize g

46、oes to the first person who crosses the finishing line.Between races cyclists stay in condition by doing exercise that builds their strength so that they can keep riding for long periods of time. 5， they often join bicycling groups and become licensed racers. Then they can enter special races all ov

47、er the country. If youre a cyclist，keep practicing. You could become a star.A.As cyclists become more experiencedB.The time trial is a very safe race for beginnersC.Serious cyclists often arrange to take part in racesD.Road races are usually the longest cycling contestsE.Most people will seize possi

48、ble chances to get around townF.They cover many laps， going around and around the city blocksG.When cyclists still need to build themselves up for those special races1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 答案語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了幾種騎自行車比賽。1.C該句承上啟下，根據(jù)下文介紹的幾種騎自行車比賽可知，此處應(yīng)填“許多騎自行車的人經(jīng)常安排參加比賽”，故選C。2.B根據(jù)空后的“because the bicycles ar

49、e spread out and are not likely to run into each other”可知，自行車是分散的，不太可能相互碰撞，所以可推出這種比賽對(duì)于新手來(lái)說(shuō)是安全的，故選B。3.F設(shè)空處承接上文，繼續(xù)介紹這種難度較大的騎自行車比賽的具體情況。F選項(xiàng)中的“They”與上文“all the racers”相呼應(yīng)，而且F選項(xiàng)中的“the city blocks”與上文中的“A few city blocks”也相呼應(yīng)，故選F。4.D根據(jù)下文“Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3，000 miles.”可

50、知，參賽者必須騎行35英里到幾乎3，000英里的路程。由此可推知，此處應(yīng)填公路比賽通常是最長(zhǎng)的騎自行車比賽，故選D。5.A根據(jù)空后的“they often join bicycling groups and become licensed racers”可知，他們經(jīng)常加入自行車團(tuán)隊(duì)，并成為有執(zhí)照的參賽者。由此可推知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。題組三A（2019湖南衡陽(yáng)二模）The world is a colorful landscape of different languages, skin colors, and different cultures. 1. A way to develop th

51、is appreciation is to try to learn about other cultures around the world.There are several ways to become knowledgeable about different cultures. 2. Reading works by authors who have a close relationship with a particular culture allows people to gain an accurate glimpse into the food, music, langua

52、ge, religion, and way of a life of a particular group of people. For example, 3， she will often read them stories based on a cultures folk tales.Another way to learn about different cultures is to try to learn a foreign language. A person can choose a language he has always wanted to learn. 4. Makin

53、g contact with people who are native speakers of the language allows him to gain firsthand knowledge of a particular culture as he struggles to learn the language.5. Whether a person wants to learn more about regions in Japan, the Middle East, Africa, or any other world culture, becoming familiar wi

54、th its food is a giant step in the right direction. Food is an important part of different cultures. And it allows people to gain an insight into a particular cultural groups way of life.A.when a student wants to learn more about a different cultureB.when a teacher wishes to expose her students to a

55、 different cultureC.One way is to read books written by authors from a particular cultureD.Learn about different cultures by tasting food from a specific cultural groupE.Gaining an understanding of other cultures benefits both you and other peopleF.He can attend a foreign language class in order to

56、learn in a more formal settingG.Its important to develop an appreciation of different cultures to become a wellrounded person1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 答案語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為說(shuō)明文。講述了了解世界上不同文化的方法。1.G過(guò)渡句。上文提到了世界上有不同的文化，后文說(shuō)到培養(yǎng)這種欣賞能力的一種方法是嘗試了解世界各地的其他文化，所以選擇G項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng)一種對(duì)不同文化的欣賞能力成為一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的人是重要的”，這一項(xiàng)把上下文聯(lián)系起來(lái)。2.C細(xì)節(jié)句。上一句說(shuō)有很多方法可以了解不同的

57、文化，C項(xiàng)“一種方法是閱讀來(lái)自某特定文化的作者所寫的書”與后面提到的Reading works相呼應(yīng)。3.B細(xì)節(jié)句。上文提到閱讀可以使人了解不同文化的方方面面，然后舉例說(shuō)明，選擇B項(xiàng)，用老師教學(xué)生了解不同文化的方法作為例子。4.F細(xì)節(jié)句。上文講到了解不同文化的另一個(gè)方法是嘗試學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)，然后列舉具體的學(xué)習(xí)方法和途徑，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)意為“為了在一個(gè)更正式的場(chǎng)合學(xué)習(xí)他可以上一個(gè)外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)班”。5.D主題句。該段主要講述熟悉當(dāng)?shù)氐氖澄镆彩橇私庠摰匚幕囊粋€(gè)正確方向，所以選擇D項(xiàng)作為該段主題句。B（2019湖北武漢4月調(diào)研）Many people struggle with saying “No”. 1 Remember, that you can do something does not mean it is required. Understand that you always have a right to turn down an invitation or refuse a favor and figure out the best ways to say “No”. Here are some specific tips.Give yourself permission to say no. Many people have an immediate reactio