Lesson 6 閱讀理解 人教版英語暑假語法專題教案（七升八）

1、英語暑假教案-七升八-第六講Lesson 6閱讀理解【內(nèi)容提要】閱讀理解【知識要點回碩】1. 選擇型閱讀 (閱讀理解)考查內(nèi)容細節(jié)理解推理判斷詞義猜測數(shù)字計算主旨大意標題歸納解題步驟1.通讀全文,了解文章大意2.審讀問題,帶著問題找答案3.復讀文章,檢查答案正確性解題方法略讀法抓住段落首句和關鍵詞,快速閱讀全文。適用于主旨大意題跳讀法在閱讀中,有意識地跳過一些無關緊要的句段或篇章,抓住關鍵性材料解題細讀法在對全文有整體印象的前提下,進行深入細致的閱讀,從而了解各段落的主要意思和文章細節(jié)推讀法針對一些簡單的問題,在閱讀全文的某一部分的基礎上,結合所獲得的閱讀內(nèi)容,憑借自己的經(jīng)驗和了解去推測,解決

2、問題2. 補全短文方法與技巧1. 設空段尾通常是結論、概括性語句,與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折對比或排比關系,或者所選答案能引出下一段的內(nèi)容。2. 設空段中 與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關系。需要著重研讀空前后的句子,鎖定關鍵詞,選出答案。3. 設空段首段首設空通常有兩種情況: (1) 通常是段落的主題句。 需要閱讀后文的內(nèi)容,找出關鍵詞,推斷出主題句。 (2) 段落間的過渡句。需要瞻前顧后找提示,結合上下兩段的內(nèi)容,選出能將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來的答案。3. 完成表格(1) 標題歸納題要求補表格的表頭(總結文章的標題)。方法與技巧1. 關注核心及高頻詞匯:在閱讀文章時,要注意文章中反復出現(xiàn)或強調(diào)的信息,尋找與文章大多

3、數(shù)內(nèi)容相關的信息,找出覆蓋全文的核心詞匯,看所填內(nèi)容是否符合文章的中心論題,也就是所填內(nèi)容與作者的寫作目的是否一致。2. 根據(jù)主題句提煉標題:標題對文章的主題具有概括性。因此,尋找文章的主題句是解答標題歸納題的核心。 主題句通常在文章首段,但是也可能在文章的末段或者分散在文章的各個段落中。如果每個段落都有主題句,那么把各段落的主題句的中心思想集中起來,即為全文的主題句。(2) 細節(jié)理解題(關鍵信息定位法)(3) 同義轉(zhuǎn)換題(4) 推理判斷題特別提醒此類題要求考生對文章中某一細節(jié)或作者的意圖作出合埋的判斷和推理,也就是要運用邏輯推理能力推斷出蘊含在文章中卻沒有明說的事實及暗示的含義?！局R點撥】

4、閱讀理解解題技巧翻譯句子: 解答此類題一定要結合上下文翻譯,翻譯過程中要注意句子中固定的句型、詞語搭配、代詞的指代對象,切記不要逐詞翻譯。解題步驟: 第一,分析句子結構; 第二,找準句子主干; 第三,確定附屬部分; 第四,適當增減詞語; 第五,考慮中外文化差異。命題角度1: 依據(jù)事實 把握細節(jié)理解三類細節(jié)理解題以及解題技巧1.直接信息題: 此類試題選項多采用原文中的信息直接進行考查, 不需要進行推斷, 可以直接在文中找到與答案相關的信息。解題技巧: 此類題目宜采用題干定位法, 即先看文章后面的問題, 找出題干中的關鍵詞, 如人物, 時間、事件等。根據(jù)關鍵詞定位到原文, 仔細比較所給選項與文中內(nèi)

5、容的區(qū)別, 找到與原文相符的選項, 確定正確答案。2.間接信息題: 此類試題選項中不出現(xiàn)原文中的直接信息, 需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換, 再進行進一步的推理確定答案。解題技巧: 此類題目宜采用語義轉(zhuǎn)換法, 即采用同義轉(zhuǎn)換、概念解析或歸納事實等方式進行變換。如題干將原文中的詞語換成另外的同義詞語或轉(zhuǎn)換詞性或結構等進行闡述。這時需要找到題干中的關鍵詞, 定位到原文中, 運用以上方法仔細斟酌選項與內(nèi)容的區(qū)別, 確定最終答案。3.正誤判斷題: 此類試題多是根據(jù)文章細節(jié)判斷所給的選項的正誤。解題技巧: 在解答時要帶著每個選項回到原文中, 看看他們之間的吻合性。這類題目頭緒繁雜, 一定要避免急躁心理。命題角度

6、2: 品鑒信息 合理推理判斷1.推理判斷題常見的十一種提問方式1. The writer/ author/ passage implies/ suggests that .2. It can be inferred from the passage that .3. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?4. What does the author conclude about?5. The passage is intended to .6. The first paragraph of this passage

7、 is to .7. How does the author seem to feel about this issue?8. From the passage, we can learn/ conclude that .9. Which of the following might happen later?10. The passage may be a/an .11. Which of the following is TRUE/ NOT TRUE?2. 推理判斷四大解題技巧技巧1: 抓住特定關鍵信息進行正向或逆向推理技巧2: 利用作者的思想感情進行推斷 技巧3: 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系得

8、出結論技巧4: 結合常識進行推斷命題角度3: 利用已知 輕松猜測詞義 1.詞義猜測的六種常見提問方式 1. The underlined word "" in the second paragraph refers to (means) . 2. By saying that "" in the first paragraph, the author means that . 3. In paragraph, ""can be replaced by " ."4. The meaning of ".&qu

9、ot; in paragraph is related to .5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to (paragraph)?6. The underlined sentence in the paragraph probably means that .2. 詞義猜測題六大解題方式 技巧1.巧用構詞法 技巧2.試用定義法 技巧3.妙用闡述法 技巧4. 精用舉例法 技巧5.善用語境法 技巧6. 慎用常識法命題角度4: 關注數(shù)字 準確數(shù)字計算1. 數(shù)字計算題常見的考查內(nèi)容及特點 (1) 考查內(nèi)容: 此類題目通?？疾闀r間的長短、年

10、齡的大小、數(shù)量的多少等； (2) 考查特點: 該題需要進行簡單的運算才能完成試題給的任務, 文章中之杰出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字通常是干擾項； 該題往往涉及多出信息, 這就要求學生出出劉鑫、不遺巨細, 方能解答正確。2.數(shù)字計算題兩大解題方式 技巧1: 篩選數(shù)字 技巧2: 簡單運算命題角度5: 瀏覽全文 歸納主旨大意1. 三種命題方式: 命題方式1: 主題性(main idea) 題干設置形式: (1) What's the main idea / point of the passage?(2) The passage is mainly about .(3) What's the topi

11、c of the passage?(4) The main/ general idea of the passage is about .命題方式2: 標題型(title) 常見的設問形式: (1) The best title for the passage is .(2) What's the best title of the passage?(3)Which of the following can be the best title for the text?命題方式3: 目的性(purpose) 常見的設問形式: (1) What's the purpose of

12、the passage? (2) The writer tries to tell us .解題技巧: 技巧1: 細讀主題句, 鎖定文章主旨 技巧2: 歸納各段大意, 概括中心思想 技巧3: 巧妙排除干擾性【試題研究】一、單項選擇題(A) 1. It's in Harbin in winter. We can make snowmen together.A. snowyB. sunnyC. windy(B) 2. - Is the man heavy?- No. He is a little .A. tallB. thinC. short(A) 3. - Please turn off

13、 the radio. Grandma now.- OK, I'll do it right now.A. is sleepingB. will sleepC. sleeps(A) 4. - What does your English teacher look like?- She is tall and long hair.A. hasB. takesC. cuts(C) 5. - Your bag very nice.- Thank you.A. seesB. watchesC. looks(B) 6. My brother doesn't like reading, b

14、ut my sister .A. doB. doesC. is(C) 7. - does your new friend look like?- He is tall with short blond hair and big blue eyes.A. HowB. WhoC. What(B) 8. Tom his father and his father very young.A. looks like; looks likeB. looks like; looksC. looks; looks(A) 9. Sam, I call your sister but she doesn'

15、t answer. Could you tell her to ?A. call me backB. call her backC. call him up(C) 10. - Do you want to go to the with me this afternoon?- Why not? I like movies!A. bankB. restaurantC. cinema(B) 11. - Where is the ? I want to swim because it's too hot.- Turn left. You can see it.A. libraryB. swim

16、ming poolC. old people's home(C) 12. - Does your mom go every day?- Yes. She in the supermarket now.A. shopping; shoppingB. shopping; shopsC. shopping; is shopping(B) 13. They about a movie. Let's join them.A. are sayingB. are talkingC. are telling(B) 14. - What your mother ?- She is a teach

17、er. She is good with the kids.A. does; doesB. does; do C. is; doing(A) 15. - Are you at school?- Yes. .A. I'm playing tennis with my friendsB. I like playing tennis with my brotherC. I don't like P.E二、閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷句子的正誤。正確的填"A",錯誤的填"B"。Mr. Smith goes to the town to see

18、his son Tom. Tom is studying music in a school there. He tells his father he does well and his father is very happy. That evening, Mr. Smith buys two tickets for a concert(音樂會). They get there after dinner. They are sitting in the hall and listening to the musicians' playing. The music is beauti

19、ful and Mr. Smith enjoys it very much. But he finds his son doesn't like it at all. Mr. Smith wants to know something about Tom. So he asks, "Do you know the music?" "Yeah," answers Tom." And what's the musician playing now?" Mr. Smith asks. Tom doesn't know

20、 how to answer it. He thinks hard and then says, ".the piano."(B) 1. Mr. Smith goes to the town to study music.(B) 2. Tom knows much about music.(B) 3. They are listening a violin concert.(A) 4. The music is beautiful.(A) 5. Mr. Smith enjoys the music very much.三、閱讀理解。 閱讀下面短文,從各題的A、B、C三個選項

21、中選擇正確答案。AToday is Sunday. Students don't need to go to school. It's nine o'clock in the morning, but Larry is still lying in bed. At the same time, his father is cleaning the garden; his mother is washing the clothes and his sister is doing her homework. Everyone is busy. "Get up, L

22、arry," says his mother, "Go to the garden to help your dad." Larry doesn't want to get up at all, but his mother asks him to help his father. Just then he finds a math book in his backpack. He takes it out of the backpack and reads, "Three times five is fifteen. Three times s

23、ix is eighteen."Larry's mother doesn't see him come out of the bedroom. So she comes to Larry's room and hears him reading. She is very angry about Larry. She asks, "What are you reading, Larry?" "I don't know." "Aren't you reading?" "Yes,

24、I am," the boy answers, "but I'm not listening!"(B) 1. How many people are there in Larry's family?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.(C) 2. Where does Larry put his math book?A. In his bedroom.B. In his school.C. In his backpack.(C) 3. What is Larry's sister doing?A. Cleaning the g

25、arden.B. Washing the clothes.C. Doing her homework.(A) 4. What does the underlined word "times" mean in Chinese?A. 乘以B. 除以C. 平方(B) 5. We can know that .A. students have a test on SundayB. Larry is a lazy boyC. Larry's mother is satisfied(滿意) with LarryBWe have twenty minutes' rest

26、between classes. Look! Most of us are playing during the rest time. Some students are on the playground. They are having a basketball game. Oh! A boy is running with a ball. And another is trying (盡力) to stop him. They are so cool. And there are some girls watching the game. Some students are in the

27、 classroom. They are talking. A few of them are reading or doing homework. Look! A girl is looking at the birds in a tree in front of the classroom. She must be thinking of something interesting because she is smiling.What are the teachers doing? Do you know? Some of them are working in the office,

28、and some are talking with students. Everyone is busy with his or her things. Busy but happy!(C) 1. Where are some students having a game?A. In the classroom.B. In front of the classroom.C. On the playground.(A) 2. A girl is looking at the birds, and she is .A. happyB. busyC. interesting(A) 3. What a

29、re the teachers doing?A. They are working or talking with students.B. They are having a basketball game.C. They are playing with the students.(B) 4. There are students in the classroom.A. noB. someC. few(C) 5. The passage is mainly about .A. studentsB. a basketball gameC. activities in the free time

30、四、完成對話。 在對話的空格中填上適當?shù)膯卧~,使對話完整正確。一空一詞(含縮寫詞)。A: Hi, Lucy! This is Timmy.B: Hello, Timmy! 1 Lucy here.A: 2 are you? We are waiting for you.B: I'm at home. What's the 3 now?A: It's around 7 o'clock.B: Oh, dear! I'm sorry. I'm 4 .A: Everyone is here. We are 5 a good time.B: What ar

31、e you 6 ?A: Karen and Steve are dancing. Henry is 7 a basketball game on TV. In the living room, Julia and Mrs. White are sitting and 8 about their favorite movies.B: What 9 Nancy?A: She's making fruit salad in the kitchen.B: OK. I have to 10 now. I will bring some food to you.A: Great. See you

32、then.B: See you.1.It's2.Where3.time4.late5.having6.doing7.playing8.talking9.about10.go五、短文填空。選出10個單詞,并用其正確形式填寫在相應位置上,使短文意思正確、通順(毎詞限用一次)。and bad before delicious dish drink help host miss study tomorrow withoutMy name is Zhang Feng. I am 1 in Second Middle School. It is the night 2 the Mid-Autumn

33、 Festival. My family all have dinner at my grandparents' home. After dinner, my mother is doing the 3 in the kitchen. And my sister is 4 her. My father and my grandparents are talking and 5 tea. I'm watching TV 6 my little brother in the living room. It will be the festival 7 . And my father

34、 will be the 8 to invite (邀請) my grandparents and other relatives(親戚) to come. We will eat zongzi. It's a kind of 9 food. I think many people are 10 their family on this day. I'm so lucky that I can stay with my family on this day.1.studying2.before3.dishes4.helping5.drinking6.with7.tomorrow

35、8.host9.delicious10.missing六、補全短文。 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出適當?shù)倪x項補全短文。How do you know about the weather in this week? 1 We can also know it by watching some animals. Animals can know the change of the weather. 2 Bees can tell others by dancing and a lot of bees can live very well with each other. So it is e

36、asy for them to know the change of the weather in a short time. 3 Because they may get hurt(受傷) in the rain. So now youmay know this sentence well-If bees fly away(飛走), fine will be the day. 4 Such as frogs, chickens and ants. If the rain is coming, the chickens aren't quiet and the ants are mov

37、ing their home to a high place. 5 It is really interesting, isn't it? Learn more and know more from now on.A. We can also know the coming up of the rain by other animals.B. By listening to the radio, by using the Internet or by watching TV?C. There are different kinds of animals.D. And they ofte

38、n do something to prepare(準備) for the bad weather.E. If the weather is good, the frogs will come out of the water.F. But do you know why bees don't go out in rainy weather?1.B2.D3.F4.A5.ENo matter you are 14 or 5, you must always want to give your best friend something really special(特別的) for hi

39、s or her birthday. 1 You think they have everything they want or like. Not so! There's always something from you that will have a special meaning. 2 For a book lover, buy a good book from the bookstore. Then you can write your favorite words on the front page of the book. Sometimes you can also

40、make a nice bookmark(書簽) and write words on it. 3 Then put the CD into a beautiful birthday card. It's good to write something nice about the songs of the CD. 4 As you can see, the important thing is you need to know your friends' favorites before you give presents. 5I'm sure your friend

41、s will be very happy to get your presents.A. Then add(加) your love to them.B. You must know what they like and dislike(厭惡).C. Sometimes you may not know what to give to them.D. For a music lover, buy a CD of his or her favorite songs.E. Now let me tell you what birthday presents(禮物) you can give.F.

42、Then when your friend listen to the CD, he or she will remember you.1.C2.E3.D4.F5.A七、完成表格。閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容,完成表格中所缺的信息。We all know that there is jet lag(時差) on the earth. This is the result(結果) of the rotation(旋轉(zhuǎn)) of the earth itself. That means at the same moment, in different places of the world, people are doing different things.In Beijing, it&#