民事習慣的民法淵源地位研究

1、民事習慣的民法淵源地位研究    民事習慣的民法淵源地位研究 Study on the Civil Law Status of Civil Custom 【摘要】 從習慣到法律的演變是人類社會歷史上第一次文明的體現(xiàn),并最終為現(xiàn)代社會制度化規(guī)范體系建立了深厚的積淀。在民事生活領域中,許許多多的民事習慣與制定法同時存在,并作為法律補充淵源在各國立法及司法實踐中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。從規(guī)范意義角度講,民事習慣是在民事生活領域經(jīng)社會公眾普遍遵守并具有一定約束力的行為規(guī)范。就習慣與法律的關系而言,在古代習慣是法律發(fā)展的最初表現(xiàn)形態(tài),在現(xiàn)代習慣是法律發(fā)展的重要基礎。因此

2、,在當代法治話語中重視民事習慣的作用、確立民事習慣的法源地位及明確民事習慣司法適用規(guī)則具有十分重要的理論意義和司法實踐價值。法國和德國的民法典雖然沒有確立民事習慣的法源地位,但在其他民事法律文件或司法實踐中,習慣通過判例制度和法官解釋繼續(xù)發(fā)揮作用并補充制定法的不足。瑞士民法典首次將習慣正式確立為法律的補充淵源,體現(xiàn)了開放與現(xiàn)代的民法理念,適應了現(xiàn)代社會的現(xiàn)實需求。在現(xiàn)代英美法國家的法律體系中,習慣法與成文法具有同等重要的地位。在我國現(xiàn)代法律體系中沒有確立民事習慣的法源地位,物權法、合同法等法律文件中也較少涉及民事習慣的規(guī)定。在我國的法治話語中,民事習慣并沒有獲得足夠的重視,除了在國內少數(shù)民族和

3、對外關系問題上,一般是輕視習慣的。由于我國沒有確立民事習慣的法源地位和司法適用規(guī)則,在我國司法實踐中面對制定法的缺陷與漏洞及衡平糾紛解決與規(guī)則之治的困境時,無法有效發(fā)揮習慣的漏洞補充和解釋論證的作用。在本文的研究進路中以歸納分析、對比論證、實證研究的方法對民事習慣的內涵、作用及民事習慣作為民法法源的必要性、可能性進行分析和闡述,并最終在我國未來民法典的制訂中,確立民事習慣的法源地位,這將有利于樹立公平正義的自治理念并促進法律適用的靈活性,為法官裁判案件提供更為廣闊的空間。除引言和結語外,本論文分四部分:第一部分:分析民法淵源和民事習慣的內涵,對民事習慣在法律淵源中的地位進行闡述:民事習慣是形式

4、淵源與間接淵源。在民事習慣與習慣法、民事習慣與制定法兩組概念的區(qū)分中將民事習慣界定為在民事生活領域,經(jīng)社會公眾普遍遵守并具有一定約束力的社會規(guī)范。當李健吾對二三十年代的中國現(xiàn)實主流游離不定而找不到實際歸宿之時,1931年,他靠著父執(zhí)輩和親朋好友的幫忙得以成功出國。在法國留學的兩年時間里,一方面,他日夜研讀福樓拜、莫里哀、司湯達等人的作品,外國文藝思潮的影響使他超越了普羅文學的視界;另一方面,遠離了中國當時的現(xiàn)實環(huán)境,他不必為趨當時之勢而費力追趕當時文學潮流,使他有更多時間去實踐他自己的創(chuàng)作技巧與風格。在他留法期間完成的最重要的一個三幕劇村長之家,這個劇本與李健吾以前的劇作明顯不同,故事情節(jié)由簡

5、單變?yōu)閺碗s,人物性格由單一變?yōu)槎嘀?劇情發(fā)生的背景也不再是城市,而是“華北鄉(xiāng)間某村鎮(zhèn)上”,實際上就是以他的故鄉(xiāng)安邑西曲 【Abstract】 The evolution from the custom to law is the first civilization in the human society and provides profound foundation for the institutionalization system. The civil custom comes along with the positive law in civil field, as the s

6、ource of law, the custom plays an important role in legislation and legal practice. From the standard point, civil custom is the behavioral norms in the civil field and complied by public with sanction. The custom is the primary form of the law in ancient times and the major foundation in modern tim

7、es. Therefore, attaching importance to the civil custom and establishing the custom status as the source of law have theoretical significance and judicial practice.Although the status of the custom in civil law system is not established in France and Germany Civil Code, but the custom comes into eff

8、ect by the repudiation and the interpretation of the judge and replenish the deficiency of the statute. The Swiss Civil Code establishes the custom as the source of law for the first time so as to be applicable to reality. The custom has the same statute with the statuary law in common law counties.

9、 We have not yet established the custom as the source of law and less touching upon the civil custom in civil law system. and in legal practice the loophole of the law and the predicament between dispute resolution and rule by law can't be resolved by the custom, therefore, the custom can't

10、play the function of replenishing the loophole of the law and demonstrating.This paper elaborates the connotation、effect、necessity and possibility with inductive analysis、contrast argumentation and empirical research approach. In our making the civil code in future, establishing the custom status in

11、 the source of law and forming the multivariate source system of law will be propitious to the setting up justice and equity idea and promote the flexibility in application of law as well as wider space for the judge hearing the cases.Besides lead-in and conclusion, the dissertation contains four pa

12、rts.Chapter one, analyzes the connotation of the civil law origin and civil custom. Elaborates the status of custom in source of civil law: formal and indirect sources. In the division of the concept civil custom with common law and positive law, the civil custom is the standard with sanction by pub

13、lic in civil life field. Chapter two, analyzes the status of custom in France、Germany、Switzerland、Taiwan and Common Law counties with comparative method. Attaching the important status for custom in law system and replenishing the loophole of the positive law.Chapter three, elaborates the necessity

14、and probability of the custom as the source of law in our counties. Establishing the status of the civil custom can form multivariate law system and replenish the loophole of the positive law and explanation basis high degree of autonomy.Chapter four, demonstrates the qualifications and rank order o

15、f custom in the source of law. Institutes the qualifications and status of the custom as the supplementary source: where otherwise provided for by law, such provisions shall prevail, where there are no relevant provisions in the law, they shall be in compliance with the civil custom and setting the

16、custom application condition and restriction principle.  【關鍵詞】 民事習慣; 民法淵源; 補充淵源 【Key words】 Civil Custom; Source of Civil Law; Supplementary Source of Law   民事習慣的民法淵源地位研究 內容摘要 4-6 Abstract 6-7 引言 9-10 一、民法淵源與民事習慣 10-21     (一) 民法淵源 10-14     (二) 民事習慣 14-21 二、民事習慣法源地位的比較法考察 21-27     (一) 大陸法系有關國家民事習慣的法源地位 21-23     (二) 英美法系國家民事習慣的法源地位 23-25     (三) 我國臺灣地區(qū)民事習慣的法源地位 25-27 三、