大學(xué)英語之基礎(chǔ)英語綜合教程第二冊Unit-7-exercise-keys

1、精選Unit7LettertoaBStudentVocabularyI1. essence:innernature;indispensablequality;themostimportantpart本質(zhì)，實(shí)質(zhì)，精髓e.g.Hisworksreflecttheessenceoffascism.他的作品反映出法西斯的本質(zhì)。2. deadlysins:sinsleadingtodamnation(InChristianitythephrasespecificallyrefersto“thesevensins”:pride,covetousness,lust,anger,gluttony,envy,a

2、ndsloth)3. misleading:makingyouthinkoractwrongly誤導(dǎo)，誤入歧途e.g.Hedeliberatelymisledusaboutthenatureoftheirrelationship.關(guān)于他們究竟是什么關(guān)系，他故意給我們留下錯誤印象。Thissentencehasmisledusintothinkingthattheanswerwaswrong.這句話誤使我們認(rèn)為那個答案是錯誤的。4. conventionaltask:tasktraditionallyrequiredofstudents傳統(tǒng)任務(wù)e.g.Thisconventionaltaskis

3、soeasythatevenapupilcanfinishit.這個傳統(tǒng)任務(wù)是如此簡單，甚至小學(xué)生都能完成。5. inshortsupply:farfromenough供給不足，缺乏e.g.Thewaterandfoodfordisasterareaisinshortsupply.這些水和食物給災(zāi)區(qū)是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。Potatoesareinshortsupplybecauseofthebadharvest.由于收成不好，現(xiàn)在馬鈴薯供應(yīng)不足。II1. define2. irrelevant3. correspondto4. flunked5. rather6. makesapointof7. ap

4、tto8. goroundIIIFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.1. Hisvisionwasnearlyrestoredtonormalaftertheremoval(remove)ofthetumorinhisbrain.2. Themajorissueoftheconferencewashowtocopewiththesevereconsequencesresultingfromtheclimatic(climate)changesonourplanet.3. Thiscompanyisintroubleandt

5、helatestplanforitssalvation(salvage)hasfewsupporters.4. Itissaidinthejobadthatthosewhoapplyforthevacancyshouldhaveproficiency(proficient)inatleasttwolanguages.5. Don'trelyontheinformationshegaveyouit'spureassumption(assume)onherpart.6. Theageofcollegestudentsnormally(norm)rangesfrom18to22.7.

6、 Thegovernment;sinactiontocurbinflationandunemploymentcausedstrongresentment(resent)amongthepublic.8. TheSichuanearthquaketurnedouttobethemostdisastrous(disaster)onethecountryhaswitnessedinthepastonehundredyears.1. removev.消除，除去；脫掉removablea.可除去的，可移動的removaln.移動，移居；除去e.g.我們的家已從北京遷到上海。Ourhomehasremov

7、edfromBeijingtoShanghai.他脫下帽子表示敬意。Heremovedhishatasasignofreverence.2. climaten.氣候；風(fēng)氣climatica.氣候上的e.g.她很快就適應(yīng)了這種多變的氣候。Sheadaptedherselfquicklytothechangeableclimate.3. salvagev.打撈，搶救salvageablea可搶救的，可打撈的salvationn.得救,拯救；贖罪e.g.房子里沒有什么東西可救的了。Thereisnothingthatissalvageableinthebuilding.天氣干旱了這么久，這場雨成了農(nóng)

8、民的救星。Aftersomuchdryweather,therainhasbeenthefarmedssalvation.4. proficienta.熟練的，精通的proficiencyn.熟練，精通e.g.我可以說對唱歌很在行。I'dsayIamquiteproficientatsinging.5. assumev.假定，設(shè)想；承擔(dān)；認(rèn)為assumingconj.假定，假如assumptionn.假定，設(shè)想e.g.我以為你能講流利的英語。IassumedyoucouldspeakEnglishfluently.假定那是真的，我們現(xiàn)在該怎么辦？Assumingthatitistrue

9、,whatshouldwedonow?6. normn.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)范normala正常的，正規(guī)的normalityn.常態(tài)normalizev.使正常，使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化e.g.過了幾天，洪水才退，生活恢復(fù)了正常。Itwasseveraldaysbeforethefloodwatersankandlifereturnedtonormal.我們的關(guān)系正常了。Ourrelationshiphasbeennormalized.7. resentv.憎恨,生氣resentmentn.怨恨，憤恨r(nóng)esentfula.不滿的resentfulnessn.怨恨，憤恨e.g.我非常討厭別人侵占我的時間。.Ibitterl

10、yresenttheencroachmentonmytime.他對所受的待遇感到忿恨。Heisresentfulatthewayhehasbeentreated.8. disastern.災(zāi)難disastrousa.災(zāi)難性的e.g.這場災(zāi)難過后，許多人既沒有食物又沒有住處。Afterthedisasterthereweremanywhowantedfoodandshelter.國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢非常糟糕。Theeconomicconditionofthecountryisdisastrous.IVBDCCBDBDV.Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderline

11、dineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.1. Theessenceofsuccessisthattheresneverenoughofittogoroundinazero-sumgamewhereoneperson'swinningmustbeoffsetbyanother;slosingSynonym:balanced,compensated2. ThelevelofyourproficiencyhasbeendeterminedbyyourperformanceofratherconventionaltasksAntonym:unconventional

12、3. Buttheyareimportant:cruciallyso,becausetheyarealwaysinshortsupply.Antonym:abundant,plentiful4. Ifyouvaluethesecharacteristicsinyourself,youwillbevaluedandfarmoresothanthosewhoseidentitiesaremeasuredonlybylittlemarksonapieceofpaper.Synonym:evaluated,assessed5. Therewerealotofusthen:olderthanthenor

13、m,inahurrytogetourdegreesandmoveonSynonym:average6. Itisimportanttorecognizethathumanbeings,despitedifferencesinclassandeducationallabeling,arefundamentallyhewnfromthesamematerialandknittogetherbycommonbondsoffearandjoySynonym:essentially,basically7. Butthesedistinctionsshouldneverbetakenseriouslyin

14、humantermsAntonym:lightly,frivolously8. Eveninachievementterms,yourBlabeldoesnotmeanthatyouarepermanentlydefinedasaBachievementperson.Antonym:temporarilyVIPrefixWerfereinternational2.transcendtranslate3.circumstances_circumfe

15、rence4.neocolonialneoclassical5.controlconform6.antibioticantisocial7.unlockundo8.outnumberoutshine1. Explanation:inter-:eraction,interdependent,interconnect2. Explanation:trans-:acrossorbeyonde.g.transplant,transform,transatlantic3. Explanation:circum-:surroundinge.g.circumcision,circ

16、umlocution,circumspect4. Explanation:neo-:new,inalaterforme.g.neonatal,neo-fascist,neo-Georgian5. Explanation:con-:strengthenorreinforcee.g.convince,constrain,conquer6. Explanation:anti-:opposedto,againste.g.antiwar,antihero,antidote7. Explanation:un-:inverbsthatdescribetheoppositeofaprocesse.g.unfo

17、ld,unload,unbend,uncut8. Explanation:out-:greater,better,further,etc.e.g.outgrow,outlive,outwitGrammar1. DisjunctAdisjunctisatypeofadverbialthatexpressesinformationthatisnotconsideredessentialtothesentenceitappearsin,butwhichisconsideredtobethespeakersorwriter'sattitudetowards,ordescriptivestate

18、mentof,thepropositionalcontentofthesentence.Moregenerally,thetermdisjunctcanbeusedtorefertoanysentenceelementthatisnotfullyintegratedintotheclausalstructureofthesentence.Suchelementsusuallyappearperipherally(atthebeginningorendofthesentence)andaresetofffromtherestofthesentencebyacomma(inwriting)anda

19、pause(inspeech).e.g.Honestly,Icouldn'tbelieveit.Unfortunately,Kimhashadtoleaveus.IRewritethefollowingsentencesusingproperdisjuncts.1. ItishopedthatthereportwillgoouttoshareholdersnolaterthanJune1.2. Itisoddenoughthathedidnotraiseanyobjectiontotheplan.3. Shewassowisetospendthemoney.4. Itisregrett

20、ablethebookwasnotwellservedbyitsproof-readers.5. Itisstrangeenoughthattheburglarshouldnothavetakenthediamondaway.6. Itissadthatoneoftheproblemswithbeingonpublicradioisthatpeopletendtothinkyou'rebeingsincereallthetime.Key:1. Unfortunately,wehaverunoutofstock.2. Hopefully,thereportwillgoouttoshare

21、holdersnolaterthanJune1.3. Oddlyenough,hedidnotraiseanyobjectiontotheplan.4. Rightly,youreturnedthemoney.5. Luckily,thishadattractedtheattentionofTVnetworkexecutives.6. Fortunately,allwentwell.7. Strangelyenough,theburglardidn'ttakethediamondaway.II1. Itwasrightthattheyprotestedagainstit./Theywe

22、rerighttohaveprotestedagainstit.2. Itwasfoolishthattheboydidntsayasingleword./Itwasfoolishoftheboynottosayasingleword./Theboywasfoolishnottosayasingleword.3. ItwaswisethatJohnsentthemanaway./ItwaswiseofJohntohavesentthemanaway./Johnwaswisetohavesentthemanaway.4. Itwassadthatthestormdestroyedtheentir

23、etobaccocrop.5. ItwasremarkablethatMrsJensenconsultedherlawyer.6. ItisregrettablethatJamesrefusestospeak.7. Itisluckythatmyassistanthasarrangedforthemattertobeconsideredbyanadhocworkingparty.8. Itishopedthataproposalwillbereadyintimeforournextmeeting.IIIRelativewordsRelativewordsareusedtorefertoanou

24、nmentionedbeforeandofwhichweareaddingmoreinformation.Theyareusedtojointwoormoresentencesinthewaywecall“relativesentences.e.g.Iknowmanyboyswho/thatplayrugby.Theshirtwhich/thatCarlboughthasastainonthepocket.ThisistheboywhosemotherworksfortheBBC.BarnstaplehasaveryoldcoveredmarketwhereIboughtsomelovelyo

25、ldplates.Sundayisthedaywhenpeopleusuallydohtgotowork.Iftheverbintherelativeclauseneedsapreposition,weusuallyputitattheendoftheclause:e.g.Themusicwhich/thatJulielistenstoisgood.Sometimes,theprepositioncanalsobeplacedbeforetherelativepronoun.e.g.MybrothermetawomanwithwhomIusedtowork.Itwasthestreaminwh

26、ichtheelephantandthemousepreferredtoswim.Noticethatwecannotusewhoorthatafterapreposition,fortherelativepronounnowservesastheobjectofthepreposition.Key:1. which/that,when,bywhich2. onwhich3. that4. forwhom5. withwhom6. towhom7. ofwhich8. atwhichIV.1. where,where2. what,which3. what4. why5. where6. Wh

27、en7. why8. which,which,whatKey:1. However2. Whatever3. whatever4. Wherever5. Whichever6. Whoever7. However8. whenever,wheneverTranslation1.不管我們的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么，這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)現(xiàn)在提高了，結(jié)果使你對自己沒能得到更高的分?jǐn)?shù)而感到失望。2 .由于缺乏更精確的衡量工具，我們至多只能把B看作一個模糊的符號，表示對你掌握某一科目的程度的判斷，不過這種判斷的準(zhǔn)確性很值得懷疑。3 .人的階段屬性和教育背景不盡相同，但凡是人都是血肉之軀，都有同樣的恐懼感和歡愉感，同樣的痛苦感和成

28、就感，這些共通的感受把他們連為一體；認(rèn)識到這一點(diǎn)十分重要。4 .然而和你們畢業(yè)離校之后將要進(jìn)入的那片荒蠻無路、起伏跌宕的鄉(xiāng)野相比，在校讀書就如同一條狹窄坦直、界限分明的公路。III.Translationexercises1 .他因急性闌尾炎住院治療，結(jié)果連期末考試都沒參加。(withtheresultthat)Translation:Hewashospitalizedwithacuteappendicitis,withtheresultthathemissedthefinalexamination.2 .前來聽講座的人遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出原來的計(jì)劃，分發(fā)給大家的講義不夠了。(goround)Transl

29、ation:Asmanymorepeoplecametothelecturethanexpected,therewerenotenoughhandoutstogoround.3 .Nomatterwhatalongdayhemayhave,hemakesapointofcheckinghise-mailinboxbeforegoingtobed.4 .Unemploymentisfoundinallcountriesintheworld,butgovernmentsvaryintheirwaytohandletheproblem.5 .第一次來到異國的人往往會感到自己周圍的一切既陌生，又有趣。

30、(beaptto)Translation:Anyonewhohascometoaforeigncountryforthefirsttimeisapttofindeverythingaroundhimbothstrangeandinteresting.6 .Thefootballfanswereverydisappointedattheperformanceoftheplayersofbothteams.7 .他的話，你得好好想一想，千萬不要他說什么就信什么。(takeatfacevalueTranslation:NevertakewhathesaysatfacevalueThinkitover

31、yourself.8 .Thedoctor'swordsremovedhisfearsabouttheoperation.Exercisesforintegratedskills1. DictationProfessorsmayestablishsocialrelationshipswithstudents/outsideoftheclassroom,/butintheclassroomtheymaintaintheinstructor'srole./Aprofessormayhavecoffeeonedaywithstudents/butthenextdayexpectthe

32、mtomeetadeadline/forthesubmissionofapaperortobepreparedforadiscussionoranexam./Theprofessormaygiveextraattentionoutsideofclass/toastudentinneedofhelp/butprobablywillnottreathimorherdifferently/whenitcomestoevaluatingschoolwork./Professorshaveseveralrolesinrelationtostudents;/theymaybecounselorsandfr

33、iendsaswellasteachers./Studentsmustrealize/thatwhenateacher'srolechanges,/theymustappropriatelyadapttheirbehaviorandattitudes./2. ClozeStudentlifeatAmericanuniversitiesischaoticduringthefirstweekofeachquarterorsemester.Registering(1forclasses,becomingfamiliarwiththebuildingsoncampus,buyingbooks,

34、(2)addinganddroppingclasses,andpayingfeesareconfusingforeveryone.Duringthisbusyperiodthereis(3)littletimeforstudentstoanticipate(4)whattheywilllaterencounterintheclassroom.Internationalstudents,accustomedtotheircountries'educationexpectations,mustadapttonewclassroomnormsina(5)foreigncollegeoruni

35、versity.Whereasinonecountryprayermaybeacceptableinaclassroom,inanotheritmaybe(6)forbidden.Insomeclassroomsaroundtheworldstudentsmusthumblyobeytheirteacher'scommandsand(8)remainabsolutelysilentduringaclassperiod.In(9)others,studentsmaytalk,eat,andsmokeduringlecturesaswellascriticizeateacher;smeth

36、odsorevencontradicthisorherstatements.Itisnotalways(10)easytounderstandaneweducationalsystem.VOralactivities1. GivingatalkSupposeyouareaBstudent,andthisisdisappointingtoyourparents,whoalwaysexpectyoutobeastraight-Astudent.InarecentEnglishtestyougotaBagain.Nowtalktoyourparent,exchangeideasaboutgrades

37、withhim/her,andtrytopersuadehim/herintobelievingthatwhilegradesdomeansomething,theyarenoteverything.Forreference:Youmayusethefollowingwordsorexpressionsinyourtalk:norm,repute,putinperspective,takeatfacevalue,beaptto,proficiency,flunk,resent,shift,determine,assumption,successful,indicate,correspondto

38、,represent,measurementtool,bedeterminedby,judgment,makedistinctions,achievement2. HavingadiscussionItisnotunusualnowadaysthatsomestudentswhodidnotdowellatschoolturnouttobeverysuccessfulinlifeafterleavingschoolwhilesomeAstudentsarefarlesssuccessful.Thussomepeoplebelievethatgradesarenotasimportantasth

39、eyseem.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththeiropinion?Givethreereasonstosupportyourself.Thenformtwoopposinggroupstodebatetheissue.Viewpointsforreference:Iagreewiththeiropinion.First,onesgradecanmeanonesachievementinstudybutcannotrepresentajudgmentofhisbasicabilityorofhischaractersuchascourage,virtue,wisdomwhi

40、chareimportanttoonessuccess.Second,theclassificationofgrade,whichiscreatedbyman,isnotaprecisemeasurementtooltoindicateonesoverallproficiency.Third,tojudgewhetherastudentisexcellentornot,weshouldconsiderthecombinationofmoralqualities,intellectualability,physicalfitnessandaestheticappreciation.Idisagr

41、eewiththeiropinion.First,AstudentstendtogetAs.TheirAgrademeansthattheyhavesuccessfullycompletedcoursesofstudywithahighlevelofproficiency,whichwilllayasolidfoundationfortheirfuturesuccess.Second,Astudentscharacterssuchascourage,diligenceandpersistencecontributetotheirgoodperformanceatschool.Thosechar

42、actersarealsogoodcornerstoneoftheirfuturesuccess.Third,whenAstudentsgraduatefromschool,theyaremorefavoredbyemployersandaregivenmorejobopportunitieswithwhichtheymayenjoygreaterpossibilityofsuccess.VIWritingPracticeParagraphdevelopmentClassificationInourdailylifeweareconstantlyorganizingthingsinoneway

43、oranother.Classificationisthegroupingofitemsintocategoriesaccordingtosomeconsistentprinciple.Mostfamiliesofthingscanbedividedorclassifiedaccordingtoseveraldifferentprinciples.Thekeytogoodclassificationwritingistouseasingleruleofdivisionforeachpart.Classificationisdoneofthingsthatbelongtoonefamily,th

44、ingsthathavesomethingincommon,butthepurposeofclassificationistocompareandcontrastthem,showingtheirdifferences,sothatthereadermighthaveabetterunderstandingofthem.Classificationisextensivelyusedintechnicalwriting,butthestrategycanalsobeusedfornontechnicalpurposes.Originalandinterestingclassificationfo

45、rrhetoricaleffectcansurprisethereadersandcapturetheirattention.Wordsandexpressionsoftenusedforclassificationinclude,amongmanyothers,thefollowing:include,comprise,contain,have,besortedinto,beclassifiedinto,differin,bedividedinto,beatypeof,fallunder,belongto,beapartof,fitinto,begroupedw,iathndbeassoci

46、atedwit.hExercises:Writetwoparagraphsbasedonthefollowingtopicsentenceswiththeclassificationstrategy.1. Highschoolteacherstendtosorttheirstudentsintothefollowingcategories:perpetualstudier,averagestudier,crammerandneverstudier.Ideasforreference:Theperpetualstudierstudiesuntilreallylateatnight.Theaver

47、agestudierstudiessufficientlybutdoesntworkmorethannecessary.Thecrammerstudiesonlywhenthethreatoftakingthatclassoverisverygreat.Sample:Theperpetualstudierisararebreedindeed.Theyusuallywriteaboutthreepagesofnotesadayregardlessofhowmuchmaterialtheteachercovers.Theydonttalktoanyoneexcepttoanswerquestion

48、s.Whenaperpetualstudiergoeshome,beforehedoesanythingelse,hetakesoutallhisbooksandbeginsstudyingfortheclassesthathehasthenextday.Hestudiesuntilreallylateatnight,stoppingonlyonceortwiceforaquicksnack.Themajorityofstudentsfallintoacategorycalledtheaveragestudier.Thispersonstudiessufficientlybutdoesntwo

49、rkmorethannecessary.Whenhestudiesforatest,hewilllookoverthenotestaken,rereadappropriatepagesinthetextbook,andstudywithafriendsometimes.Overall,hemayputinanywherefromtwotosixhoursadaystudyingduringtheweekleavingFridayandSaturdayforhissociallifeandthenspendfromfourtoeighthoursstudyingonSunday.Thethird

50、typeofstudieristhecrammer.Thistypeofpersonstudiesonlywhenthethreatoftakingthatclassoverisverygreat.Whenhestudiesforatest,hedoesntbeginuntilthenightbeforeorthemorningofthetest.Hespendsmostofhistimedoinganythingthatdoesnthavetodowithschool.Theirhomeworkislastontheirlistofthingstodo.Butbeforetheydosuch

51、adeed,theywillracktheirbrainstryingtothinkofsomethingelsetodo.Cleaningtheroomeventakesprecedenceoverhomeworknottomentionsleep.Itcanbeargued,ofcourse,thatthereshouldbeafourthcategorytheneverstudier,onewhoquiteliterallyneverstudiesnotevenattheverylastminute.Butthen,thispersondoesntremainclassifiedasas

52、tudentforverylong.2. InShanghai,themostpopularEnglishlanguageexaminationsinclude,amongothers,TEM4,TEM8,InterpreterCertificate,TOFEL,andIELTS.Ideasforreference:Thereareregionaldifferencesbetweenthefivetests.Thefivetestsdifferintheircompulsoriness.Testeesarealsodividedonthepurposesforwhichtheytakethef

53、ivetests.Sample:InShanghai,themostpopularEnglishlanguageexaminationsinclude,amongothers,TEM4,TEM8,InterpreterCertificate,TOEFL,andIELTS.Therearesomedifferencesbetweenthesetests.Thefirstthree,TEM4(shortfor“TestforEnglishMajorsBand4”),TEM8andInterpreterCertificate,aredomestictests,andamongthemInterpre

54、terCertificateisalocalone,peculiartothecity.BothTOEFL(TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage)andIELTS(InternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystem)areinternationaltests,organizedbytheAmericanandBritisheducationalauthoritiesrespectively.Thefivetestsdifferintheircompulsoriness.Thefirsttwoarecompulsory:almostall

55、collegeEnglishmajorsarerequiredtotakethem;theotherthreefallundertheoptionalgroup.Besides,testeesarealsodividedonthepurposesforwhichtheytakethefivetests.Theysitinthetwomandatorytestsfortheirbachelorsdegree,whiletheInterpreterCertificateispopularbecauseithelpswhenaholderofitislookingforajob.Unlikethem

56、,participantsinthetwointernationalEnglishtestsareusuallyplanningtoreceivehighereducationinEnglish-speakingcountries.VIIListeningExercisesA. Listentothereport“GototheHeadoftheClass.”Writeinthseecondcolumnofthetablebelowthefiveideasthatcanhelpyouleaptothetopoftheclass.Thenlistentothereportagain,andwri

57、teinthethirdcolumnofthetablethekeywordsandphrasesthatbestillustrateeachidea.Thefirstoneisalreadygivenasanexample.1Makereadingautomatic.keytoschoolsuccess/takepractice/automaticreader/readwithexpression/readwithasenseofmeaning2Winequalopportunityinsameclassroom/differenteducations/noequal-opportunity

58、cation/discusswiththeteacher/lettheteacherknowwhat'sonyourmind3lowermentalprocess-rotelearning/highermentalLcesses-problem-solving,analyzing,interpreting/improvethinkingskills/gaininrotelearning4teamwork/cooperativelearning/reward/peerpressure/Haveclassmateshelp.bonuses/self-estee