初中語法專題---形容詞

1、形容詞學習內(nèi)容一、基本概念形容詞和副詞都是起修飾作用的詞類。形容詞用來描寫和修飾名詞或代詞，說明人或事物的特征，性質(zhì)或特點。二、基本分類性質(zhì)形容詞直接表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，有級的變化，并且可以使用程度副詞加以修飾。例如：good, large, heavy, beautiful等。大多數(shù)形容詞都屬于這一類。形容詞 敘述形容詞又叫作表語形容詞，沒有級的變化，也不能用程度副詞加以修飾；多以a開頭。 例如：alone(單獨的)，afraid(害怕的)， asleep(睡著的)，alive(活著的)，awake(醒著的)， worth(值得的)，unable(不可能的)， ill(病的)。分詞作形容詞

2、：現(xiàn)在分詞作形容詞表示主動；過去分詞作形容詞表示被動。例如：a frightening film 一部恐怖電影 a frightened girl 一個嚇壞了的女孩 an interesting story 一個有趣的故事 a locked gate 一個上了鎖的大門三、形容詞用法詳解 1、構成1）普通形容詞：本身即為形容詞的詞 如：red, glad, nice, beautiful 2）形容詞具有獨特的后綴形式主要有：-y，-able, -ible, -al, -ical, -ant, -ary, -ful, -less, -ous，-en，-ern，-n等。如： sunny，windy，

3、funny，cloudy，noisy，lucky，comfortable, terrible, national, natural, political, chemical, important, pleasant, ordinary, necessary, beautiful, wonderful, careful, hopeless, careless, famous, dangerous，wooden，golden，western，eastern，northern，southern，Asian，American注意：它們是形容詞而不是副詞3）以-ly結尾的形容詞如：friendly友好的

4、，lonely孤獨的，lovely可愛的，likely可能的，lively活潑的，ugly丑陋的，brotherly兄弟般的，fatherly 慈父般的， sisterly 姐妹般的，orderly 有秩序的 2、用法和位置1）作定語：形容詞修飾名詞時置于名詞之前；修飾不定代詞時，置于不定代詞之后。如：What beautiful flowers！ I have something important to tell you. 【小試牛刀】1. What a (sun) day it is today! Lets go to the park.答案：sunny2. In the West, p

5、eople like to finish a meal with , for instance, dessert. A. sweet anything B. sweet something C. anything sweet D. something sweet答案：D2）作表語：在be動詞、感官動詞taste（嘗起來），smell（聞起來），sound（聽起來），look（看起來），feel（感到）以及get, turn等系動詞后用形容詞作表語。如：He is young. She looks happy today. The food tastes delicious. 【小試牛刀】 Is

6、 this a photo of your daughter? She looks in the pink dress! A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily答案：A3）作賓語補足語：放在賓語之后，常與make, leave, keep, find等動詞連用。 如： You should keep your room clean every day. Dont leave the door open when you go out. 【小試牛刀】 We will have a field trip this afternoon. The new

7、s makes everyone . A. excited B. frightened C. happily D. luckily 答案：A4）形容詞名詞化：有些形容詞前加定冠詞后變成名詞。如： The young should take good care of the old. 年輕人應該好好照顧老人。 The new always replaces the old. 新事物總是取代舊事物。記住下列詞匯：the old (or the aged) 老人 the young 年輕人 the sick 病人 the healthy 健康人 the blind 盲人 the deaf 聾子 th

8、e white 白人 the black 黑人 the dead 死者 the brave 勇敢的人 the wounded 傷員 the false 謬誤 the evil 邪惡 the unexpected 出乎意料的事 the unknown 未知之事 the impossible 不可能的事 the smooth 順事 the good 優(yōu)點 the bad 缺點 3、多個形容詞排序限定詞（冠詞，指示代詞，物主代詞，所有格，數(shù)詞）+描繪性形容詞（如：beautiful , fine ,interesting）+大小，長短，高低等形容詞（如：tall ,high ,small, litt

9、le ,round）+年齡，新舊（如 young, old, new）+顏色（如 black , white, blue）+國籍，地區(qū)，出處（如 Japanese, American, England, rural）+材料（如 plastic, silky, wooden）口訣一：冠代數(shù)形大，新色國材名口訣二：好美小高狀其新，彩色國料特別親口訣三：限制描述大長高，形狀年齡與新老，顏色國籍出材料，用途類別往后靠 口訣四：大小形狀和新老，顏色國籍出（處）材料4、高頻考點1）形容詞修飾復合不定代詞后置：-Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. -OK,

10、 Lets give him_ to eat. A. something different B. different anything C. anything different D. different something答案：A感官系動詞：look看起來 sound聽起來taste嘗起來 + 形容詞feel摸起來smell聞起來2）形容詞放在系動詞后作表語，尤其是5個感官系動詞：1. -John looks so _today because she got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily

11、2. Dont eat the food. It smells_. A. badly B. bad C. good D. well3. The pears taste _ and sell_. A. well, good B. well, well C. good, well D. good, good答案：ABC3）形容詞作keep, make, leave的賓語補足語：【小試牛刀】1. Tom, you must keep your room_. A. to tidy B. tidying C. tidy2. We should keep our eyes_ while doing eye

12、 exercise. A. close B. closed C. open D. opened答案：CC4）-ed形容詞（修飾人：人對某種事物的感受）和-ing形容詞（修飾物：某物令人.）：surprising / surprisedexciting/excitedamazing/amazed boring/bored disappointing/disappointed frightening/frightenedinteresting/interested; moving/moved； frustrating / frustrated【小試牛刀】1. Oct 15th was one of

13、_ days in 2003. The Shen zhou-V was sent up successfully. A. exciting B. more exciting C. the most exciting D. much exciting2. Harry Potter is an _book for children, but my cousin doesnt seem at all _in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interesting, interested C. interested, interesting答案：BC四、形容詞副詞

14、的等級 1、比較級和最高級的構成1）規(guī)則變化類別構成方法原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般直接在詞尾加-er，-estlonglongerlongest以e結尾時加-r，-stlatelaterlatest以輔音字母加y結尾時，把y變i，再加-er，-esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫詞尾的輔音字母，再加-er，-estbighotthinfatbiggerhotterthinnerfatterbiggesthottestthinnestfattest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在原級前加more，m

15、ostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful2）不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastbad/badly/illworseworstold older（年紀較大的）elder（較年長的） oldest（年紀最大的）eldest（最年長的）farfarther（較遠）further（進一步）farthest（最遠） furthest（最大限度）further用來修飾抽象名詞，表示“進一步的”。如：He will

16、 need further help. elder/eldest只適用于人，表示兄弟姐妹間的長幼（排行）。elder不與than 連用。如： He is my elder/younger brother.(哥哥/弟弟)不規(guī)則變化口訣： 一分為二有兩個，一個遠來一個老， 合二為一有三對，兩壞兩多和兩好， 還有一詞雙含義，只譯少來不譯小。2、原級用法1）有表示絕對概念的副詞very, too, so, enough, quite 等修飾時，用其原級。如： The boy is too young. He plays the piano very well.2）表示A與B 在某一方面程度相同或不同時

17、用形容詞或副詞的原級。 肯定句中的結構：“A+ as +形容詞/副詞原級 + as + B”。 如：English is as interesting as Chinese. He runs as fast as Jim. 否定句中的結構：“A+ not as/so +形容詞/副詞原級 + as + B”。 如：Lesson One isnt as (so) difficult as Lesson Two. 否定句的結構相當于less +形容詞/副詞原級+ than。 如：Lesson One is less difficult than Lesson Two. 3）表示A是B 的.倍時，A.

18、+倍數(shù)+as +形容詞原級+as+ B Our school is three times/twice as big as theirs. The red pencil is half as long as the blue pencil.3、比較級用法1）表示兩者進行比較時用形容詞或副詞的比較級，其結構為“A + 比較級+than + B”。如：I am taller than you. He did better than me.注意：在比較時，要注意比較的對象要一致。My pencil is longer than yours. （不用you）2）有表示程度的副詞a little, a

19、bit, a lot, much, even, far等修飾時，用形容詞/副詞的比較級。如：Its much warmer today. This bottle is a little bigger than that one.3）在兩者之間進行選擇，“哪一個更”,用句型“Which/Who is +形容詞/副詞比較級，A or B?”。如：Who is taller, Mike or Ted? Which one is the longer, the pen or the pencil?4）表示“兩者之間”最的一個”(of the two)”時，常用“the + 比較級”結構。如：Bob i

20、s the taller of the two boys. Being is the bigger of the two.5）表示“越來越”時，用比較級重疊結構，即“比較級+ and + 比較級”，句中有多音節(jié)詞或部分雙音節(jié)詞時用“more and more + 原級”結構。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer. Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 6）表示“越就越”時，用“the + 比較級， the +比較級”結構。如：The more you eat, the fatter yo

21、u will be. The more you eat, the fatter you will be.4、最高級用法1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物進行比較時，用其最高級形式。形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞the，副詞的最高級前可不加。句末常接一個in/of短語來表示范圍。如：Whats the best sport in summer? Li Dong sings best of the four boys. 注意：形容詞最高級前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾時，不能再用定冠詞the。如：Li Ming is my best friend. This is our best lesson

22、 today.2）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中進行選擇時，用“Which/Who is the +最高級，A, B or C?”。如：Which is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou? 3）表示“最的之一”時，用“one of the +形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)”結構。如：Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 4）形容詞最高級前可加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最”。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in Chin

23、a. 5）形容詞比較級結構可表示最高級含義。如：Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李磊是他班里最高的學生。 =Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. =Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class. =Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class.【小試

24、牛刀】1. Who did English homework better, Leo or Nick? Leo is more careful. I think Leo did Nick. A. as good as B. as well as C. better than D. worse than 2. Many Chinese students think science subjects are foreign languages. A. more difficult as B. less difficult than C. much difficult than D. so diff

25、icult as3. What is your favorite sport? Swimming, I think. Its of all. A. easier B. more difficult C. the most interesting D. the most boring答案：CBC5、必備句型Chinese is as important as English.They work as hard as you do.It is not so/as hot as yesterday.1）原級句型The sun is much bigger than the earth.Who is

26、taller, Lily or Lucy?The weather gets hotter and hotter.Beijing is more and more beautiful. The warmer the weather gets, the better I feel. 2）比較級句型Summer is the hottest season in the whole year.Mary sings (the) best of our classmates.Who runs (the) fastest, Nancy, Lucy or Lily?Beijing is one of the

27、biggest cities of China.3）最高級句型【小試牛刀】1. I work hard this term, but Peter works much _. A. hardB. harder C. hardestD. the hardest2. We have a lovely room. Its one of _ in the hotel. A. niceB. nicer C. nicestD. the nicest3. Which color do you like _, blue or green? Blue. A. good B. better C. best D. t

28、he best4. Lee came to Beijing in 2005. He has been here _ than you. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest答案：B D B B“A+倍數(shù)+形容詞或副詞的比較級+than +B”“A+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as +B”“A+倍數(shù)+the size/height/length/width+of +B”4）倍數(shù)表達法：如： This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 這個大廳比我們的教室大四倍。The car runs

29、 twice faster than that truck. 這輛小車的速度比那輛卡車快一倍。 This big stone is three times as heavy as that one. 這塊大石頭的重量是那塊的三倍。The plane flew ten times as high as the kite. 那架飛機的飛行高度是那只風箏的十倍。 This street is four times the length of that one. 這條街是那條街的四倍長。This hill is four times the height of that small one. 這座山的

30、高度是那座小山的四倍?！拘≡嚺５丁?With the help of the German experts， the factory produced _ cars in 1993 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as答案：C 綜合題庫1. Li Huas shoes are as _ as Zhang Huis. A. cheap B. cheaper C. the cheaper D. the cheapest2. Of all the subjects

31、, chemistry seems to be_ for me.A. difficult B. too difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult3.Do you like the movie tonight? Yes, I do. In fact, Ive never seen a _ one.A. good B. better C. worse D. bad4. Bill, who's the little boy in the picture? It's me. I am much_, aren't I?A

32、strong B stronger C strongest D. the strongest5. -What do you think of Toms speaking? -No one does in our class.A. good B. better C. well D. best6. China is one of_ countries in the world. A. larger B. largest C. the largest D. the larger7. Look , how beautiful the car is! Yes, but its too _ for me.

33、A. expensive B. high C. cheap D. low8. -Lets buy some cards for our teacher on Teachers Day. -Why not make some by hand? Its much_.A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. most interesting9. -Lin Tao, why are you so _? -Because Wang Meng got three gold metals at the Winter Olymp

34、ics.A. excited B. angry C. disappointed D. sad10. -Dad, its such a long way from our home to the park? - You mean its _ to take a taxi?A. popular B. necessary C. possible D. important11. I hear more parks will be built in Tianyuan. Im sure Tianyuan will become _ than before.A. modern B more beautifu

35、l C. the most energetic. D. more important12. The air in mountain area is _ that in big cities. A. as fresh as B. fresher than C. as dirty as D. dirtier than 13. It is _ to work out this problem . You neednt go to ask the teacher. A. enough easy B. easily enough C. easy enough D. very easily14. Mrs.

36、 King kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting. A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest15. - What delicious cakes! -They would taste _ with butter.A. good B better C. bad D. worse16. -If there are _ people driving ,there will be _ air pollution. -Yes, the air will be freshe

37、r.A. less, less B. less, fewer C. fewer, fewer D. fewer , less17. The film is _ one that I have ever seen. A. more exciting B. more excited C. the most exciting D. the most excited18. - “Have you _ spoken to a foreigner?” - “Not yet, I havent got a chance.”A. never B. also C. ever D. too19. I can _

38、be a nurse. Im not a very patient person. A. seldom B. ever C. never D. always20. - I wonder _ youll water this kind of tree. - Once a week.A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. how much 21. - _ do you have PE lessons? - Three times a week.A. How long B. How soon C. How many D. How often 22. The I

39、nternet is very useful for us. We can _ find information. A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly 23. -Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike ? - Id like to go _.A. nowhere interesting B. interesting anywhere C. some interesting D. interesting somewhere24. Although she usually dances _

40、,we are still worried that she is not feeling _ today. A. good, well B. well, good C. good, good D. well, well25. Beijing has _ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours. A. so B. very C. too D. much 26. - Excuse me, Could you please not talk _ in the museum? -Oh, sorry.A. loudly B.

41、 carefully C. clearly27. My parents will go there by taxi because it is raining _.A. badly B. hardly C. probably D. heavily28. -Mrs. Lin is very popular among the students. - Yes, Her classes are _ lively and interesting. A. always B. sometimes C. hardly D. never29. -_ do you send an e-mail to your cousin? -Sometimes.A. How long B. How much C. How often D. How soon30. -_ will you stay in Shenzhen for your holida