并列連詞與狀語從句

1、精品連詞與狀語從句一、并列連詞1. 并列句的基本概念：并列句是由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨立的簡單句構(gòu)成的。在并列句中，這些簡單句常由并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡單句被稱為分句。2. 常見的并列連詞1 ）表示遞進或順承關(guān)系：常見的并列詞有and, not onlybut (also)等。如：He had plenty of money and he spent if freely.Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily.2)表示選擇關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有:or, either.or.等。如：E

2、ither you are right, or I am.3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：常見的并列連詞有but, yet, whereas等。如：Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now.Some of the soldiers show positive results, whereas others do not.4)表示因果關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有so, for等。如：It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.The shops were closed, s

3、o I didntget any milk.二、狀語從句及其連詞種類從屬連詞時間狀語when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as,hardly .when, no soonerthan, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly,instantly地點狀語where, wherever原因狀語because, as, since, now that, considering that, seeing that條件狀語if, unles

4、s, once, in case, as long as, on condition that目的狀語so that, in order that, for fear that, in case結(jié)果狀語so that ., such that .比較狀語than, as as, not so/asas, the more., the more.方式狀語as if, as though, as讓步狀語though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matterwho, whoever, no mat

5、ter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matterwhen, whenever狀語從句的時態(tài)特點：一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用“一般現(xiàn)在時 ”表示 “一般將來時 ”，用 “現(xiàn)在完成時 ”表示 “將來完成時 ”。1 、時間狀語從句感謝下載載精品1) when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句及其用法拓展表示時間，意為“當(dāng)時；在的時候 ”A. 在時間、條件等狀語從句里，用現(xiàn)在時表示將來。When you see him, please say hello to him.B. 表示過去發(fā)生的事情，在 when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，動

6、作發(fā)生在先的用過去完成時，在后的用過去時。When I was in Japan, I bought some beautiful pearls.When I reached the station, the train had left.表示插入一個新的動作或出現(xiàn)新的情況，意為 “這時； 突然 ”。這時，when常被看作并列連詞。這樣的句型有：was/were doingwhen; was/were about to dowhen; was/were on the point of doingwhen.;had hardly/just/scarcely done.when.。Eg: He w

7、as still smiling when the door opened.I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.We were about to start when it began to rain.He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang.表示條件，相當(dāng)于if.How can I get a job when I canteven read or

8、write?表示原因 “既然 ”How can I help them to understand when they wontlisten to me?Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?2). while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句及其用法拓展引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候；和 同時 ”，此時的主從句謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，從句謂語通常是延續(xù)性動詞。She fell asleep while (she was) listening to the radio.Strike while the iron is hot

9、.表示對照或轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而，而 ”Some people waste food while others haventenough.You like sports, while I prefer music.表示讓步，通常位于句首，意為“盡管，雖然 ”While I agree with you, I cantgo with you.While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.表示條件，意為“只要 ”，其意思和用法相當(dāng)于as long as。 while可位于句首，也可位于句中。You don t have to worr

10、y while we are here.There will be life while there is water.While there is life, there is hope.感謝下載載精品3) till/untiltill 和 until詞匯意義相同，不過till 不用于句首，不如until正式。 till/until既可以用于介詞，也可以用作連詞，引導(dǎo)從句。用在肯定句中，表示某一個動作一直持續(xù)到 until 所表示的時間為止。此時，主句謂語必須是延續(xù)性動詞。 He waited until I returned.We danced and danced until a lot

11、 of them joined in.用在否定句中，表示某一動作直到until所表示的時間才發(fā)生?！爸钡讲拧薄s a matter of fact, I did not begin work until he had gone.I won ttake steps until you arrive.I cannot say definitely until I see him.We can decide nothing until we know your views.注意： 在 until/till從句中，往往用一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來。無論是用在肯定句中，還是用在否定句中，不可以使用

12、將來時。 not until 用于倒裝句型和強調(diào)句型Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. I didn trealize how much time I had wasted until I began to work.It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.4) before狀語從句 before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時的基本意思是“在之前 ”。有時 before引導(dǎo)的從句之前，可以有自己的

13、狀語。The day before he left home, he gave the whole house a thorough cleaning.A few hours before he was put to death, Darnay was visited by Carton in prison. before 熱點句型It will be +一段時間 +before.要過才It wontbe long before不久就會.It was not long before（過去）沒過多久就It was long before過了很久才. before的譯法非常靈活，應(yīng)結(jié)合具體情況機動

14、處理。After that it still took seven years before they finally got married.他們又過了七年才結(jié)婚。I hadn twaited long before he came.我沒有等多久，他就來了。The summer holiday came to an end before I knew it.不知不覺暑假就過去了。Catch him before he escapes.抓住他，別讓他跑了。5). hardlywhen; no sooner.than剛一就.I had hardly got home when it began

15、to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.感謝下載載精品注意 ：主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。6).the moment/minute/second/instant, each time, every time名詞短語以及directly, immediately,instantly副詞形式作連詞使用，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.He r

16、eturned home the moment he heard the news.He rushed out immediately he heard the gunshot.Each time he came to Beijing, he would call on me.You grow younger every time I see you.7). by the time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句注意時態(tài)的變化：一般情況下，如果從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句謂語動詞用過去完成；如果從句謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，則主句謂語動詞用將來完成時。By the time you came back, I

17、had finished reading this book.By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.8). since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 since“自從以來 ”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。從句謂語一般用一般過去時，主句謂語常用現(xiàn)在完成時。Sarah and Jane have been friends since they started school.Since the first case was discovered in 1981, nearly 24 million people have die

18、d of AIDS.I have been looking forward to seeing you again since I last saw you. it is/seems+一段時間 +since. “從 起已經(jīng)多長時間了. (is 也可換用為has been)It seems a long time since I met you last.It is two years since I returned from America.How long has it been since he joined the Party?2.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句一般由連接副詞where, w

19、herever,等引導(dǎo)。Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is water there is life.You are free to go wherever you like.Wherever theres plenty of rain and sun, the fields are green.3.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句就是用以表示“在某種條件下，會 ”的從句。引導(dǎo)詞主要有if, unless, as/so long as, oncondition that, provided, providing, suppose, s

20、upposing, in case, once(一旦 )等。1. if/unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句If it doesntrain tomorrow, we will go hiking.You will get good grades if you study hard.I won tgo to the party unless he goes there.You will be late unless you leave immediately.感謝下載載精品注意：時間、條件、讓步狀語從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn) ”原則。2. as long as/so long as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，表示

21、“只要 ”You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark.So long as youre happy, it doesntmatter what you do.You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.3.其他從屬連詞 (in case, once, on condition that, provided, providing, suppose, supposing)引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，表示“假如，假使，在條件下 ”，比 if 更書面化。In case

22、he comes, let me know.I shall give you my dictionary on condition that you return it tomorrow.I will go, providing/provided (that) my expenses are paid.Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do?Once you have understood it, youll find it really easy.4.原因狀語從句because, since, as, for,

23、now that用法比較because通常用于敘述者認為聽者或讀者不知道該原因時，因此在回答以疑問詞why 開頭的問句時，只能用because 。語氣很強，從句表示的是客觀的、直接的原因。since“既然 ”，多用來表示已知的理由或稍加分析即可標明的原因。多置于句首。as語氣最弱， 常見于日常對話。和 since 在引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時的意思差別不大，由這類從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的句子，均側(cè)重主句的內(nèi)容，其原因只是附帶原因。now (that)兩者和 since, as意義相似，他們都有“鑒于某個事實 ”的意思， that可以省去。seeing (that)for為并列連詞。為前一句話或上一段所陳述的情況

24、進行補充說明，而且要用逗號隔開。For后所陳述內(nèi)容表示的只是主觀推斷的依據(jù)。用法拓展：1 ）由于 because從句為信息的焦點，它可以用于強調(diào)句型中成為被強調(diào)內(nèi)容，也可以引導(dǎo)表語從句，還可用merely, only, simply等副詞強調(diào)語來修飾，而以上其他從屬連詞卻通常不這樣使用。It is chiefly because he is too impatient.It was because I worked so hard that I was promoted last month.2) because狀語從句還可用于not because,but becauseI gave him

25、 the permission, because I had to, not because I wished to.He was late with his homework, not because he couldntdo, but because he was ill.Eg:I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.As he didntknow much English, he looked up the word in the dic

26、tionary.Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.感謝下載載精品Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.It s going to rain, because the dark clouds are gathering and hanging lower and lower.客觀的、直接的原因It s going to rain, for my knee joints are aching.主觀推斷的依據(jù)5.讓步狀語從句1 ） al

27、though, though一般情況下， 兩者通用。 although 比 though 語氣重，常用以強調(diào)讓步概念。 Though/Although China is a very big country, only seven percent of the land can be used for farming. though/although不能和 but 連用，但可以與 still 或 yet 連用。Though/Although many people around the world study its language, yet their view of British cu

28、lture is sometimes narrow. though可以與 as 一樣，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句使用非正常語序：adj./adv./n./v.+though/as sb. sth+其他部分 .Young as/though he is, he knows a lot.Genius as/though she was, she was quite modest.Try as/though he may, he wontsucceed. though可以當(dāng)做副詞使用，單獨附在句末或句中，通常用逗號隔開， 意思是 “不過 ”“可是 ”“還是 ”。 although不能這樣使用。I shall

29、 come to the meeting; I cantstay till the end, though. though從句放在主句之后有時可當(dāng)“但是 ”“不過 ”講，在意義上同and, yet, however. although通常不這樣使用。I knew his story, though I didntwant to tell it just then.I shall come to the meeting, though I cantstay till the end.2) no matter wh-與 wh-everno matter (who, what, when, wher

30、e, which, how)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句與wh-ever (whatever, whoever,whenever, whichever, however)引導(dǎo)的讓步從句意義相同，可相互取代。Do it no matter what (=whatever) others say.However (No matter how) busy he was, he studied English every day.Whoever (No matter who) takes up the matter for me, I shall be very grateful.Whatever (No ma

31、tter what) happens, we shall not lose heart.注意 ： wh-ever在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時與no matter wh-通用，但是引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時則只能用wh-ever.Eg: Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of themwill be born in northwestern Beijing.Whoever comes home first does the cooking.3) whether.or

32、引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句: 不管還是-Dad, Ive finished my assignment.感謝下載載精品-Good, and whether you play or watch TV, you mustntdisturb me.Whether or not we like it, we have to accept it.6. 目的狀語從句1.引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句常用的連詞有：that ( 以便 ), so that (以便 ), in order that (為了，以便 ), lest ( 免得，唯恐 ),for fear that (生怕，以免 ), in case ( 以防 )等。目的

33、狀語從句的謂語常含有may, might, can, could, should,would等情態(tài)動詞。Eg: Say it louder (so) that everyone can hear you.I am telling you that lest you should make a mistake.I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.We ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.They worked harder than usual in o

34、rder that they could finish the work ahead of time.I shall write down your telephone number in case I may forget.注意：1 ） in case引導(dǎo)的從句除了表示目的外，還可以表示條件。In case I forget, please remind me about it.In case a fire breaks out, break the glass to sound the alarm.2) in order that +從句；so that+從句in order to +動詞

35、原形； so as to +動詞原形He often stays up late into the night in order that he can make up for the loss.He often stays up late into the night in order to make up for the loss.7. 結(jié)果狀語從句1. 結(jié)果狀語從句常由so.that或 such.that (表示“如此. 以致 ”)句型中引導(dǎo)。There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is cause

36、d.Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities.The shop sells such expensive goods that I want to buy nothing in it.He is such a good person that we mustntblame him.2. so that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句He worked hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams.I took an early bus

37、so that I got there in time.實戰(zhàn)演練：一、請用用合適的連詞填空1. I don t really like the author, _ I have to admit his books are very exciting.2. _ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.3. Half an hour later, Lucy still couldntget a taxi _ the bus had dropped her.4. _ the forest

38、 park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.5. Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _ she could stay home and raise her family.感謝下載載精品6. Lessons can be learned to face the future, _ history cannot be changed.7. The meaning of the word“nice ”changed a few times _ it finally came

39、to include the sense“pleasant ”.8. Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.9. I took my driving license with me on holiday, _ I wanted to hire a car.10. He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _ wants to.11. Some animals carry seeds from one place to

40、 another, _ plants can spread to new places.12. There s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery_ another man, also intelligent, fails.13. I was glad to meet Jenny again, _ I didntwant to spend all day with her.14. Don t turn off the computer before closing all programs, _ you could have problems.15. It s not easy to change habits, _ with awareness and self-control, it is possible.16. It was t