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1、2013秋季新版八年級上冊英語第一至三單元知識點小結(jié)Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?1. on vacation 度假 vacation意為“假期、假日”,相當(dāng)于holiday,但vacation表示長的假期。如:the long vacation 長假the summer vacation 暑假the Christmas vacation 圣誕假期而holiday(尤其美國)指“假日;休息日;休假”。on vacation = on holiday 意為“度假”2. anything interesting 一些有趣的東西1)something,anyt
2、hing,nothing,everything是指物的不定代詞。somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,everybody,everyone是指人的不定代詞。somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere是指地點的不定代詞。2)當(dāng)形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時,放在這些詞的后面;3)這些不定代詞做主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。如: Is everybody here? 大家都到齊了嗎?4) something,somebody,someone,somewh
3、ere用于肯定句及表示請求或建議的疑問句中,而anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere用于否定句及疑問句中。如:Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事嗎?(表疑問)Why dont you visit someone with me? 你為什么不跟我一起去拜訪下某個人呢?(表建議)3. buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth如:My parents often buy some books for me. = My parents often buy me some books.我父母經(jīng)常給我買書。4.提建
4、議的句子:What/ how about +doing sth.? 如:What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如:Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如:Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如: Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping?5. long time no see 好久不見6. quite a few 相當(dāng)多a few 與 a l
5、ittle 的區(qū)別,few 與 little 的區(qū)別 a few 一些 修飾可數(shù)名詞 a little 一些 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 兩者都表肯定意義 如:He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少數(shù)的 修飾可數(shù)名詞 little 少數(shù)的修飾不可數(shù)名詞 但兩者都表否定意義 如:He has few friends. 他沒有幾個朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里沒有多少糖。7. most of 的大多數(shù) 如:most of t
6、he time 大多數(shù)時間8. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然沒有人感到煩悶。 1)seem意為“好像;似乎;看來”,是個連系動詞,構(gòu)成的短語有: seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如: They seem to talk in class. 他們似乎上課說話。 seem(to be)+adj. 似乎. 如: He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。 It seems that + 從句 似乎. 如: It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。 2) bo
7、red 作形容詞,意為“煩悶的;厭倦的”其主語是某人; 而boring 也是形容詞,其主語是某物。 如:My parents ask me to do homework all day. I feel bored.我父母整天叫我做作業(yè),我感到很厭倦。Doing homework all day is a little boring. 整天做作業(yè)有點無聊。相類似的詞語還有: interested adj. 感興趣的 interesting adj. 有趣的 surprised adj. 感到驚奇的 surprising adj. 驚奇的 tired 累的 tiring 令人疲憊的 excited
8、 興奮的 exciting 令人興奮/激動的 amazed 驚訝的 amazing 令人驚訝的9. 辨析: get to/reach/arrive 牢記: 相同點:都是“到達“的意思不同點:get to+地點/reach+地點 arrive at+小地點(車站等)/arrive in+大地點(國家等)注意:若他們后面要加地點副詞here,there,home等,則不需要加介詞。10. enjoy doing sth . 喜歡做樂意做 如:She enjoys playing football. 她喜歡踢足球。 enjoy oneself 過得愉快 如:He enjoyed himself. 他
9、過得很愉快。 跟它意思相近的詞組還有have a good great time , have fun。11. decide 意為“決定”,是動詞。它的名詞形式為decision。構(gòu)成的短語有: decide to do sth. decide on doing sth. 決定做某事 make a decision to do sth.決定不要做某事,要用decide not to do sth.。如:Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已經(jīng)決定去北京。12. nothing.but.意為“除.之外; 只有”,如:I have nothing to
10、do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看電視什么也沒干。13 . feel like 意為:“有什么感覺;感受到”,后跟賓語從句。另外,構(gòu)成短語 feel like doing sth.意為“想做某事”。如:I felt like I was a bird. 我感覺我是一只鳥。I feel like eating.我想吃東西。14. because of , because: because of + 名詞/代詞/名詞性短語 I had to move because of my job. 因為工作的原因 我得搬家。 because +從句 如:I do it
11、because I like it. 我做這件事是因為我喜歡。15. below意為“在.下面”,其反義詞為 above,意為“在.上面”16. bring sth.to +地點,意為“帶來”,其反義詞是take。如:Please bring your book to our school. 請把你的書帶到我們學(xué)校來。Please take your book to your school. 請把你的書帶到你的學(xué)校去。17.enough 足夠形容詞enough 如:beautiful enough足夠漂亮 enough名詞如:enough food 足夠食物 enough to 足夠去做如:I
12、 have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足夠的錢去北京。 She is old enough to go to school. 她夠大去讀書了。18. so that 如此以致于 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,so后面接形容詞、副詞. that 后面跟從句。如:She was so sad that she couldnt say a word. 她悲傷得一句話也說不出來。19. taste good 嘗起來很好吃。taste 系動詞用法“嘗起來”后+形容詞。其他表示狀態(tài)的系動詞有:feel(覺得) keep(保持)stay(保持)seem(好像)look(看來像)s
13、mell(聞起來)sound(聽起來)taste(嘗起來)系動詞與形容詞連用I feel sick。 我感到難受。 Keep quiet,please! 請安靜下來!The weather stays very hot。天氣非常熱。 He seems very clever。 他好像很聰明。Jim looks like his father。 吉姆長得像他父親。The fish smells terrible. 這魚聞起來壞了。That sounds a good idea。 那聽起來是個好主意。 The soup tastes very delicious。這湯嘗起來非常香。Unit2 Ho
14、w often do you exercise?1. exercise的用法 v/n 1) 動詞,鍛煉,既可以作不可數(shù)名詞“鍛煉”講,也可作可數(shù)名詞“練習(xí)”講。 He exercises every day。We often do / take exercise on weekends.2)do morning exercises 做早操 do eye exercises 做眼保健操 Doing morning exercises is good for our health. 做早操對我們的健康有益。2 No, I never go shopping. 不, 我從不購物。 (1) go sh
15、opping 意為“去購物”。Go+ v. Ing 形式表示進行某項活動。如:Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 去游泳/購物/滑冰/滑雪/釣魚/爬山/徒步旅行。(2) never為頻率副詞,意思是“從不”?!颈嫖觥浚侯l率副詞always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never頻率副詞詞義頻率英文釋義always總是100%all the timeusually通常90%often, generallyoften經(jīng)常80%(at) many timesso
16、metimes有時50%at times, now and thenhardly ever幾乎不10%almost not, not at allnever從不0%not ever, not at any time3. How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次電視? Twice a week. 一周兩次。(1)how often表示“多久一次”,是對動作的頻率進行提問。可用于回答表示頻率的副詞,如always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never等,或用于回答表示頻率的短語,如once a day (一天一次),
17、twice a week (一周兩次),four times a month (一個月四次),every day (每一天)等。如:How often does he surf the Internet? 他多久在網(wǎng)上沖浪一次? Once a week. 一周一次。(2)twice a week 意思是“一周兩次”是一個表示頻率的短語,表示頻率的短語一般是由“次數(shù)a時間名詞”構(gòu)成;表示“一次或兩次”時,一般用once和twice表示,而表示“三次或三次以上”時,則用“數(shù)詞times”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:once a month (一個月一次),twice a day (一天兩次),three times
18、 a week (一周三次),five times a year (一年五次)等。(3) 疑問詞how的用法1)怎樣,用什么手段,方法/交通工具 How did he do it? / I dont know how to swim. How do you come to school?(2) 情況如何(指身體健康狀況) How are you?(3) how many,how much表示“多少” how many后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),
19、how much接不可數(shù)名詞。How many times do you go to the park? How much are those pants?(4)how many times 詢問多少次,其答語表示次數(shù)。如:once twice,three times等How many times do you go to the movies a month? About three times.(5) How old.? 詢問年齡 How old are you? I a
20、m five.(6) How about? 如何? 怎么樣? How about going to the movies?(7)how long 詢問多長時間,其答語表示一段時間,如:for two days,for three hours等。 How long will it take to get to the station? About half an hour。(8)how soon 用來詢問過多久,多久以后,其答語是in two hours,in three days等。 How soon wil he come back? In an hour。4. be free意為“有空”是
21、形容詞,其反義詞為“be busy”。free的另一種意思是“自由的;不受約束的”,其名詞形式為freedom。還有一個意思是“免費的”,如:They enjoy free medical care. 他們享受免費醫(yī)療。5. be full 意為“滿的;忙的”是形容詞,其反義詞有: full(滿的) empty(空的),full(飽的)hungry(餓的)。如:I am full, so I dont want anything.我飽了,所以我不想要了。6. eat breakfast意為“吃早飯”同義詞組為 have breakfast,其中間不加冠詞,但當(dāng)三餐前有形容詞修飾時,要加不定冠詞
22、 a 或an。如: have a big dinner 吃一頓豐盛的晚餐 want+名詞 想要 如:I want a job. 我想要一份工作。 want to do sth. 想要做某事 Do you want to go to the movies with me? 你想和我一起去看電影嗎? want sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事 I want you to help me with my math. 我想要你幫我學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。7She says its good for my health. 她說那對我的健康有益。(1)be good for意思是“對有好處”。如: Doing
23、 exercise is good for our health. 進行鍛煉對我們的身體有好處?!颈嫖觥浚篵e good for, be good at 與be good tobe good for意思是“對有益”。如: Watching TV too much is not good for your health.看電視太多對你的身體沒有好處。be good at意思是“擅長于”。如: He is good at playing football. 他擅長踢足球。be good to意思是“對好”。如: The old woman is good to us. 那個老太太對我們很好。(2)
24、health是一個名詞,意思是“健康”,它的形容詞形式是healthy,意思是“健康的”。如: My grandmother is over 80 years old, but she is very healthy. 我奶奶八十多歲了,但她非常健康。 We should keep in good health.我們要保持健康。8. ask sb. to do 叫做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. ask sb. not to do sth.叫不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom
25、. ask sb. about sth. 問某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities. ask sb. for help 向某人求助 如:ask teacher for help 向老師尋求幫助9. go online意為“上網(wǎng)”,其同義詞為“use the Internet”。10. help with sth. 如:They help with this problem. help sb. do. 如:They help you relax. 他們幫助你放松11. at least 最少 原形little 比較級
26、less 最高級least 如:we should sleep at least 8 hours.我們至少得睡8個小時。 12. be surprised 意為“驚訝” 構(gòu)成的短語有 be surprised to do sth 驚訝做某事 be surprised that + 從句 to ones surprise 令某人驚訝的是如: to their surprise令他們驚訝的是to Li Leis surprise令李雷驚訝的是13. stay up 熬夜如:I often stay up until 12:00pm.我經(jīng)常熬夜到12點。14. although為連詞,意思是“盡管;
27、雖然”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,同義詞有though。與but作用相同,但是用法不同。特別注意英、漢在此意義上的表達區(qū)別:漢語中經(jīng)常說“雖然但是”,但在英語中,although和but不能同時使用,即“雖然”和“但是”只能用其一。如: Although I get up early, I cant catch the early bus. = I get up early, but I cant catch the early bus. 盡管我起得很早,但還是沒有趕上早班車。I dont pass the exam, although I study every hard. =I study very
28、hard, but I dont pass the exam.盡管我努力學(xué)習(xí),但考試還是沒有及格。想類似的還有because跟so,用了because就不能再用so了。如:I didnt have supper, because I had a stomacheache.= I had a stomacheache, so I didnt have supper.我沒有吃飯,因為胃疼。15. The best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 原形good 比較級better 最高級best 如:I think the best way to relax is to listen
29、 to music. 我認(rèn)為最好的休閑方式是聽音樂。Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister1.He has shorter hair than Sam. 他的頭發(fā)比薩姆的短。 than 比(用于形容詞,副詞的比較級之后)當(dāng)兩個人或者物進行比較時,要用形容詞的比較級?!氨容^級 + than” 表示“比.更.”。一般形容詞或副詞的比較級是在詞后加-er。但要注意比較的對象。如:I am taller than Jim. 我比吉姆高。His hair is shorter than Sams. 他的頭發(fā)比薩姆的短。This book is more interes
30、ting than that one.這本書比那本書有趣。形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個等級:1)原級(不作比較),修飾詞very,so,too,pretty,really;2) 比較級,表示“較”或“更”的意思(兩者之間進行比較), 標(biāo)志詞than,A or B,of the two, 修飾詞much,a lot,a little;3)最高級,表示“最”的意思(三者或三者以上作比較),形容詞最高級前面一般要加定冠詞the,后面可帶in(of)短語來什么比較的范圍。形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級規(guī)則變化: 構(gòu) 成 方 法 原 級 比 較 級最 高 級單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞一
31、般在詞尾加-er或-esthighshorthighershorter highestshortest以字母e詞尾的詞,加-r或-stlatefinelaterfinest latestfinest重讀閉音節(jié)詞詞尾只有一個輔音字母時,先雙寫輔音字母,再加-er或-esthotbigthinfathotterbiggerthinnerfatterhottestbiggestthinnestfattest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,先把“y”改為“i”,再加-er或-est funnyeasyearlyfunniereasierearlierfunniesteasiestearliest多音
32、節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more或mostbeautifulathleticoutgoingmore beautifulmore athleticmore outgoingmost beautifulmost athleticmost outgoing形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級不規(guī)則變化: 原 級 比較級 最高級 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther(更遠) further(更深遠) farthest(最遠) furthest(最深遠)2.
33、反意疑問句 肯定陳述句否定提問如:Lily is a student, isnt she? Lily will go to China, wont she?否定陳述句肯定提問 如:She doesnt come from China, does she?You havent finished homework, have you?提問部分用代詞而不用名詞如:Lily is a student, isnt she?陳述句中含有否定意義的詞,如little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑問句用肯定式。 如:He knows little English, do
34、es he?他一點也不懂英語,不是嗎? They hardly understood it, did they? 他們幾乎不明白,不是嗎?3. No,I am a little taller than her.a little, much a lot a bit ,far,any,no等可以+比較級4. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉學(xué)習(xí)跟蒂娜一樣努力?!?(not)as + 形容詞或副詞原級+ as.”是一種原級比較,意思為“.和.(不) 一樣”。1) .not as + 形容詞或副詞原級+ as.表示雙方在某個方面不同。如:His English is not
35、 as good as hers. 他英語不如她的好。He doesnt work as hard as his brother. 他沒有他哥哥工作努力。2) as + 形容詞或副詞原級+ as 表示雙方在某個方面一樣。如:She is as tall as me. 她跟我一樣高。I run as fast as he does. 我跑得跟他一樣快。5. 辨析beat/win 相同點:都是動詞,表示“贏”不同:beat+人/win+比賽,競賽,戰(zhàn)爭等名詞。 如:We played very well, and beat them. 我們發(fā)揮得很好,擊敗了他們。They won the matc
36、h this time. 這次他們贏了這場比賽。6. care about意為“關(guān)心;在意”,期中care是動詞 如:We should care about the old people.我們應(yīng)該關(guān)心老年人。care for表示“喜歡”,“關(guān)心”之意,后接名詞或v-ing形式作賓語,take care of也有這個意思。He cared nothing for skating. 他對滑冰沒有興趣。In our class, we care for each other. 在我們班上,我們相互關(guān)心。Maria takes good care of everybody. 瑪麗亞很關(guān)心大家?!居亚?/p>
37、鏈接】care for還可以表示“照顧”,“照料”,相當(dāng)于take care of或look after。At night he fed and cared for the cattle. 夜里他照料牲口,給牲口喂食。You must care for yourselves.=You must look after yourselves.你們要照顧好自己。The children are well cared for in the nurseries.=The children are taken good care of in the nurseries.孩子們在托兒所受到很好的照顧。7.I
38、 think a good friend makes me laugh.我認(rèn)為好朋友能使我開心。牢記:make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 make+賓語+形容詞 使某人/某事怎樣 如:Our teacher makes us work ten hours a day 我們老師讓我們一天學(xué)習(xí)10個小時。His words make us happy. 他的話使我們感到很高興。8.laugh at sb. 笑話;取笑(某人) 如:Dont laugh at me! 不要取笑我!9. Theyre both tall. 他們兩個都是高個子。both adj./pron./adv. 兩個都
39、用在be 動詞后,行為動詞前。 Y ou are both too young./They both speak English.Both of .+名詞復(fù)數(shù)(復(fù)數(shù)謂語) Both of the flowers are beautiful. 兩朵花都很漂亮。bothand兩者都(復(fù)數(shù)謂語) 反義詞組:neithernor兩者都不(謂語單復(fù)數(shù)按照就近原則)【友情鏈接】 both 與 all both 指代兩者; all指代三者或三者以上 如:My parents are both fine。 我父母都好。We are all here。 我們都在這兒。10. be ike意為“像”,這里的like是介詞。如:She is like her mother 。 她長得像他媽媽。like 做動詞,意為“喜歡”,構(gòu)成短語 like sth. 喜歡某物 like sb. 喜歡某人 like to do sth. 喜歡做某事 如:I like to have friends
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