英語語法教案

1、星火教育一對一輔導教案學生姓名性別年級初三學科英 語授課教師上課時間 年 月 日第（ ）次課共（ ）次課課時：6課時教學課題八大時態(tài)綜合講解教學目標知識目標：掌握八大時態(tài)的用法，能在不同的語境下選擇相應的時態(tài)能力目標：能解決有關時態(tài)的習題，并在設定的情景下，能夠運用合適的時態(tài)進行觀點的表達情感目標：通過師生在教學的雙邊活動中主動性和創(chuàng)造性的發(fā)揮，激發(fā)學生的學習興趣。教學重點與難點教學重點：各種時態(tài)的結構及對應的標志性詞語，短語教學難點：動詞的時態(tài)呼應，一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別教學過程Step One 導入T: Do you know the name of the film?S: Fast

2、 and Furious (速度與激情)T: Have you seen the film already?S1: Yes, I saw it last night.S2: No, but I will see it tomorrow.S3: No, but I hear it is an exciting movie.S4: Step Two 知識講解與操練現(xiàn)代英語語法將傳統(tǒng)語法所說的“時態(tài)（Tense）”分成了兩部分：即“時（Tense）”和“體（Aspect）”?！皶r”是指謂語動詞發(fā)生或存在于不同時間的變化形式，而“體”則指動作進行或過程處于什么狀態(tài)的變化形式。動詞時態(tài)考查的題型多以選擇

3、題、完形填空以及書面表達的形式出現(xiàn)，在中考中的比值較重。英語當中一共有16種時態(tài)，中考考綱明確要求考查的是8種，他們分別是(1）一般現(xiàn)在時 （2）一般過去時 （3）一般將來時 （4）現(xiàn)在進行時(5）過去進行時 （6）現(xiàn)在完成時 （7）過去完成時 （8）過去將來時 一般現(xiàn)在時構成：a.主語be的某種形式 b.主語V原 c.主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）Vs/es當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞需加-s或-es：規(guī)則動詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在詞尾加-s，(清輔音后讀s，在濁輔音后讀z；在t后讀ts,在d后讀dz。)playleaveswimplaysleavesswims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o結尾

4、的詞加-es，讀iz,如果動詞原形詞尾已有e,則只加-s。passfixteachpassesfixesteaches以輔音字母加y結尾的詞，先變y為i, 再加-es,讀z。studycarryflystudiescarriesflies注意：動詞have的第三人稱單數(shù)是has.一般現(xiàn)在時的用法(1)表示經(jīng)常的或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的副詞連用。常用的頻度副詞有：sometimes,always、often、 usually、seldom、never、every week (day, year, month), once a week、on Sundays,頻度副詞在句中通常放在行為動詞之

5、前，系動詞、助動詞之后。如:He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天經(jīng)常游泳。I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。(2）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。如：My father is at work. He is very busy. 我父親在工作，他很忙。The boy is twelve. 這男孩十二歲。3）表示主語具備的性格、特征和能力等。如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。My sister is always ready to help

6、 others. 我妹妹總是樂于助人。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。4)表示客觀真理，客觀存在，自然現(xiàn)象。如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。5）表示按計劃或安排好的，或將要發(fā)生的動作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。但只限于start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive, return, take place等。如：The train leav

7、es at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。He comes back tonight. 他今晚回來。6）在復合句中，當主句是一般將來時，時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時，我將告訴他這個消息。If you take the job, they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談談細節(jié)。 鞏固訓練用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。 1. He often

8、_(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays

9、. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 一般過去時構成：主語Ved(過去式)動詞過去

10、式的規(guī)則變化：構成規(guī)則動詞原形動詞過去式一般在動詞原形末尾加-ed，(在清輔音后讀t；在濁輔音和元音后讀d；在t,d后讀id。lookplayworklookedplayedworked結尾是e的動詞在末尾加-dlikelivehopelikedlivedhoped末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-edplanstopdropplannedstoppeddropped結尾是“輔音字母y”的動詞，先變“y”為“i”再加-edstudyworrycrystudiedworriedcried注：不規(guī)則動詞過去式參見不規(guī)則動詞表。 一般過去時的用法1）表示過去某個時間所發(fā)生的

11、動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過去的時間狀語yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, the other day, in 1982等連用。在一般過去式中，要表達“過多少時間之后”，一般用after。幾年后。如：Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？After a few years, she started to play the piano.幾年后，她開始彈鋼琴。2）表示在過去，經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。常與often, always等表示頻度的副詞連用。如：When I was a child, I often pl

12、ayed football in the street.我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。3）一般過去式也可與today, this week, this month, this year等表現(xiàn)在的時間壯語連用，但這些時間壯語須指過去的時間，決不包含“現(xiàn)在”“此時此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看見他了嗎？鞏固訓練一、單項選擇1.My fatherill yesterday Aisn't B. aren't C. wasn't D. weren't2. your parents at home last week A.Is

13、 B. Was C. Are D. Were3.The twinin Dalian last year. Theyhere now A. are; were B. were; are C. was; are D. were; was4. your father at work the day yesterday(前天） A. Was; before B. Is; before C. Was; after D. Is; after 5. Who was on duty last Friday A. I am B. I was C. Yes, I was D. No, I wasn't 二

14、、請用正確動詞形式填空1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _

15、(stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.一般將來時構成： 主語will/shallV原在口語中，will在名詞或代詞后常縮為ll，will not常簡縮為wont。在疑問句中，主語為第一人稱時（I和we）時，常用助動詞shall。如：Shell go to play basketball. 她要去打籃球。Shall we go to the zoo? 我們要去動物園嗎？、be going to +不定式，表示將來。表示主語進行某一行動的打算意圖。這種打算常經(jīng)過預先考慮并含有自己做好某些準備的意思。即計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：What are you go

16、ing to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。、be +to V原形 表將來，表示客觀安排或受人指示而將要做某事。如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。、be about to +V原形，意為馬上、即將要做某事。不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。一般將來時的用法1）、表示將

17、來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2）、表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。例如：Ill come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我將每個星期六來看你。3）、表示說話人對于將來的看法、假設和推測，通常用be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的從句或與副詞perhaps, possibly, maybe等連用。如：I think shell

18、go back home for supper. 我想她會回家吃飯。Maybe shell go to the gym.也許她會去體育館。鞏固練習：鞏固訓練單項選擇1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to     B. will going to be C. is going to be          D. will go to be 2. Charlie

19、 _ here next month.A. isnt working    B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working    D. wont work3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; is         B. is; is C. will be; will be    

20、;             D. is; will be4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. was         B. is going to have C. will have           

21、 D. is going to be5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be  D. Are; going to be; will be6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. will give B. will give C. gives D. give7.&

22、#160; Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? _. （不，不要。）A. No, you wont.  B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont.   D. No, please.8.  Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once.A. get            B. am getting C. to get &

23、#160;                        D. will get9. _ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be           B. Will there be C. There can be&#

24、160;          D. There are10. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have            B. will have C. had                &#

25、160; D. would have過去將來時構成：過去將來時由助動詞should或would加動詞原形構成。過去將來時的用法 a用于從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的事情。常用在賓語從句中表示從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后。 They said they would go to visit the second factory. 他們說他們將要去參觀第二個工廠。 The teacher told us that there would be a concert the next Tuesday. 老師告訴我們下周二將要有場音樂會。 b過去將來時也可由“was / were going to

26、 + 動詞原形”來表示。 She said she was going to see her uncle. 她說她要去看望她的叔叔。 注意： “would+動詞原形”有時并不表示過去將來時，而表示一種客氣的請求。 Would you please open the window? 鞏固訓練單項選擇1.-The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.-Well, he said he _here on time.A came B would come C can be D will be2. She _that sh

27、e _ her best to help them the next term.A. sayswill do B. saidwill do C. said would do D. sayswould do 3. Jack _ that they _ surprised to see it this Friday.A. know would be B. knows will be C. knew would be D. knew will be4. She _ ill so she _ able to go skating the next day.A. is won't be B. i

28、s wouldn't be C. was won't be D. was wouldn't be5. He _ the thief to the police when he _ the man again.A. would take would meet B. would takemet C. will take will meet D. will take meet6.Li Ming said he _happy if Brian _to China next month.A was; come   B was; would come C wou

29、ld be; came   D will be; come現(xiàn)在進行時構成：am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞動詞V-ing的構成形式規(guī)則原形-ing形式一般在動詞原形末尾加-inglistenspendstaylisteningspendingstaying以不發(fā)音字母e結尾的動詞，先去掉e，再加-inghaveprepareclosehavingpreparingclosing以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的動詞，如果末尾只有一個輔音字母，應先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ingsitbeginrunputsittingbeginningrunningputting以ie為重讀音節(jié)結尾的動詞

30、，先去掉e,把i改為y,再加-ingliedielyingdying以er結尾的動詞，如是重讀音節(jié)結尾，先雙寫r，再加-ing；如不是重讀音節(jié)結尾，就直接加-ingpreferwaterpreferringwatering 現(xiàn)在進行時的用法：1）、表示現(xiàn)在（指說話人說話時）正在發(fā)生或進行的動作。常與now, right now, at this moment等時間狀語連用。如： We are waiting for you now. 我們正在等你。2） 表示現(xiàn)階段（說話前后一段時間內(nèi)），一直在進行的活動。說話時動作未必正在進行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another n

31、ovel.他在寫另一部小說。（說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。）He is thinking about this problem.這些天來他一直在考慮這個問題。3）表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，常與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。4）表示漸變，這樣的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。It's gett

32、ing warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。5）表示按計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。表移動的終止性動詞（come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等）用于現(xiàn)在進行時，表示即將要發(fā)生動作。如：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。The train is arriving soon. 火車要到了。鞏固訓練單項選擇1.”What is he doing?” “He _ music.”A. listening B. is listening C. listens to D. is listening to2.Lis

33、ten! She _ songs in English.A. sings B. sing C. is singing D. is sing3.What _ you _ at?A. are; seeing B. are; watching C. are; listening D. are; looking4.”Whats the man doing?” “He is _ his coat.”A. putting on B. putting C. wearing D. dressing5.The people over there _ dancing.A. are B. is C. do D. d

34、oes6.”Is John playing computer games?” “_”A. Yes, he is B. No, he is C. Yes, he does D. No, he doesnt.7.Jim and Tom _ doing their homework in the classroom.A. am B. is C. are D. be8.Mother isnt _a book, but shes _TV.A.seeing; seeing B. looking at; watching C. watching; looking D. reading; watching9.

35、”Whats your sister doing?” “_”A. She sings B. She often watches TV C. Shes singing D. Im singing.10.Look!The twins_their mother do the housework A. are wanting B. help C. are helping D. are looking過去進行時構成：was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)過去進行時的用法：1）、表示在過去某時刻正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，通常與表過去的時間壯語連用。如：At this moment yesterday,

36、I was packing for camp.昨天這個時候，我正在收拾東西去露營。2）、表移動的動詞，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等詞的過去進行時，可以表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.她告訴我她將去海南度假。3）、在含有時間狀語從句的復合句中，表示一個過去的動作發(fā)生時或發(fā)生之后，另一個動作正在進行。如：It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時，正下著雨。When

37、 I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到達山頂時，陽光燦爛。4） 在敘述或描寫過去的事情時，過去進行時經(jīng)常與其它過去時態(tài)，特別時是一般過去時連用。但是過去進行時往往是表示背景。如：One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上，他正在書房里打字。突然，一個人闖進屋來，切斷了電源鞏固訓練一、用動詞的適當形式填空。1. I _ (have) my bre

38、akfast at half past six yesterday morning.2. Mary _ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter _(do) the same thing.3. What _ you _ (do) at that time?   We _ (watch) TV.4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _ (listen) to the radio.5. They _(n

39、ot make) a model ship when I saw him.二、選擇題。1. I _ cooked a meal when you _ me.A. cooked, were ringing       B. was cooking, rang     C. was cooking, were ringing     D. cooked, rang2. He said he _ to draw a pla

40、ne on the blackboard at that time.A. tries            B. tried           C. was trying          D. will try3. While she _ TV, she _ a sound outsi

41、de the room.A. was watching, was hearing    B. watched, was hearing C. watched, heard        D. was watching, heard4. They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.A. were watching           B. watch&

42、#160;        C. watched      D. are watching5. What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?A. did, read, was seeing     B. did, read, saw C. were, reading, saw        D. were,

43、 reading, was seeing現(xiàn)在完成時構成：助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞過去分詞的構成：過去分詞的規(guī)則變化與動詞過去式的變化相同，在動詞詞尾加-ed；不規(guī)則變化的過去分詞見教科書不規(guī)則動詞表?，F(xiàn)在完成時的用法1）、表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，常與already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等詞連用。如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚飯了嗎？You have already grown much taller.你已經(jīng)長高了許多。2） 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，并可能

44、還要延續(xù)。往往和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，常用的有：for一段時間；since+過去時間點或從句。（Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度），提問用How long.如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。They have learned English for eight years .他們已學了八年的英語了。3）、現(xiàn)在完成時需注意的問題：表示短暫性的動詞不能與表示一段時間的壯語連用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close, come, die, f

45、all, find, finish, join kill, leave, sell, stop等。如：He has joined the army for five years. （錯誤）He has been in the army for five years.(正確)注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。I have received his letter for a month. （錯）I haven't received his letter for almost a month. （對）不能和明確的過去時間狀語連用，如：y

46、esterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的區(qū)別：have/has been tohave/has gone to鞏固訓練單項選擇1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _what's happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.e

47、ver D.still3、Have you met Mr. Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ;

48、better D.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A. will see B. hav

49、e seen C. saw D. see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ;

50、do ; finish過去完成時構成：助動詞had動詞過去分詞過去完成時的用法：1、表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已完成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。即發(fā)生的時間是過去的過去。常與“by/before+過去時間”構成的短語連用。如：The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到達之前，火車已經(jīng)開走了。He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。2、表示在過去某一時間點之前已經(jīng)持續(xù)了一段時間的動作或狀態(tài)，常與for/since引導的表示過去的時間壯語連用。如：I had liv

51、ed in America for two years before I came here .我來這兒之前在美國住過兩年。表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的計劃、愿望等。這種用法中常用的動詞為hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。I had thought that all knew about it.我以為他們都知道這件事呢。鞏固訓練單項選擇1He asked me _ during

52、 the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was seven?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _live

53、d here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She

54、 said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She

55、 had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 課后作業(yè)八大時態(tài)精選練習（   ）1.He often_his clothes on Sundays.A. washing  &

56、#160;         B. washes         C. has washed          D. wash（   ）2.Im Chinese. Where_from?A. do you come          B. y

57、ou are coming      C. you come         D. are you coming（   ）3.May_to school.A. never walks         B. is never walking         C. walk never

58、0;       D. never is walking（   ）4.We will start as soon as our teacher_ .A. comes        B. will come       C. come            D. is coming

59、（   ）5.How long ago_playing football?A. have you stopped        B. had you stopped          C. did you stop       D. do you stop（   ）6.It_ hard when I left my h

60、ouse .A. is raining           B. rains          C. was raining         D. will rain（   ）7.I think this question_to answer.A. easy    &#

61、160;  B. is easy         C. was easy      D. will easy（   ）8. Dont talk so loudly . Your father_.A. sleeps     B. is sleeping            C. slept

62、             D. had slept（   ）9.How many people does the doctor know who_of the disease (疾病)？A. are dying             B. is dying       

63、;    C. has died                   D. dies（   ）10.I_my homework now.A. finish             B. finished    

64、        C. have finished             D. had finished（   ）11.He_for three years.A. has joined     B. has been in the army      C. joined  

65、60;          D. has served the army（   ）12.His grandfather_for thirty years.A. died      B. was dead       C. has been dead            D. has died（&