高一春13UnitSeven同位語從句

1、Unit Seven NEWSPAPERSPresentation 1 Word Show1tempt v引誘tempt sbto do sthtempt sbinto doing sth引誘某人做某事egNothing could tempt me to tell lies什么也不能引誘我撒謊。 The warm weather tempted US into going for a swim暖和的天氣吸引我們?nèi)ビ斡?。詞性變化：temptation n誘惑 resist the temptation抵制誘惑2.value n/ vt 價(jià)值，用處；估價(jià)，尊重，珍惜 egWhats the va

2、lue of your house? 你的房子值多少錢?Your help has been of great value你的幫助很有價(jià)值。He valued the ring at$80他估計(jì)這枚戒指值80美元。I value your advice我尊重你的建議?！颈容^】valuable adj有價(jià)值的 valueless adj沒有價(jià)值的；毫無用處的invaluable adj無價(jià)的，價(jià)值無法衡量的3pour v(常與down，out，over連用)涌流；傾瀉；(常與in，out連用)涌入，涌出 egSweat poured down from her face汗珠不斷從她臉上流下。 A

3、t 5 o' clock, workers poured out of the factories. 5點(diǎn)時(shí)，工人們從工廠蜂擁而出。Presentation 2 Phrase Show一、重點(diǎn)詞組詳解1. catch ones eye=catch ones attention引起某人的注意 egA newspaper headline caught my eye報(bào)紙的大標(biāo)題引起了我的注意。 托充：與catch有關(guān)的短語 catch ones breath(因恐懼、震驚等)一時(shí)停止呼吸，屏氣 catch fire著火 catch sight of看見 catch up with趕上，跟上

4、catch sbdoing sth= sbbe caught doing sth抓住某人正在做某事2. without doubtwithout question；certainly；definitely無疑的；確實(shí)的 核心詞：doubt n&vegWithout doubt，he is guilty= There is no doubt that he is guilty毫無疑問，他是有罪的。 I doubt whether he is the best man for the job我懷疑他是否是做這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。3. in brief=in short簡而言之 egIn br

5、ief，he said“No!”他簡單地說了一個(gè)“不”字。4. after all終究；畢竟 egSo you see，I was right after all!你看，畢竟還是我對(duì)吧! I know he hasnt finished the work，but after all，he's done his best 我知道他未完成這項(xiàng)工作，但畢竟他還是盡力了。【比較】at all根本 first of all首先，第一 above all尤其重要的是 in all總共5. describeas把描述為 egShe described her children as a time o

6、f wonder and discovery 她將她的少年時(shí)代描繪成一個(gè)充滿幻想和發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)期。 description n描繪，敘述6. tend to do sth往往做某事；傾向做某事 egPeople under stress tend to express their full range of potential 處于壓力下的人容易發(fā)揮自己全部的潛力。He tends to pitch the ball too high他往往把球擲得過高。 詞性變化：tendency n趨勢(shì)7、1ight up v照亮；使放光彩 egThe castle was lit up with floodl

7、ights泛光燈照亮了城堡。 Her eyes lit up with joy她因喜悅而目光炯炯。8、burst into(+n)=burst out(+doing)突然發(fā)作，突然起來egAt the news，he burst into tears(1aughter)=At the news，he burst out crying(1aughing) 聽到這個(gè)消息，他大哭(大笑)了起來。9、be alive with充滿 egThe dead trees is alive with insects這棵枯樹上爬滿了昆蟲。二、其他詞組on a news stand在報(bào)攤上the front pa

8、ge頭版common practice慣例business practice商業(yè)慣例religious practice宗教慣例carry an index刊登索引school of thought流派a sense of unity有整體感a fairly simple matter相當(dāng)簡單的事情take the prime position占據(jù)主要位置in size-graded headings字體大小不同的標(biāo)題a big news event重大的新聞事件run the full width of the page通版in a boldbld type用黑體字overuse shock

9、 methods過分使用聳人聽聞的手段lose its reputation失去聲譽(yù)waving of flags舞動(dòng)的旗幟be awarded to被授予給sports figure體育界人士in the second round ballot 'bælt第二輪無記名投票thousands upon thousands of people成千上萬的人shopping mall購物中心win the bid for贏得了的競選/投標(biāo)local citizens當(dāng)?shù)鼐用馻t the top of ones voice大聲地Changan Boulevard'b

10、ulvd長安大街wild with joy欣喜若狂blow the horns按喇叭be crammed with擠滿，塞滿a growing tendency不斷增長的趨勢(shì)a short/long-term aim短期/長期目標(biāo)Presentation 3 Sentence Structure1、Besides that，it is common practice that the front carries an index to help the reader quick locate certain sections of the paper(形式主語“it”指代主語從句“that t

11、he front carries an index to help the reader quick locate certain-sections of the paper”) 另外，頭版通常還包括索引，幫助讀者快速找到某一特定的欄目。(1)practice n慣例，常規(guī)egIt is the practice in Britain that people drive on the leftIt is the practice in Britain to drive on the left在英國，車輛按規(guī)定靠左行駛。(2)carry vt包括；刊登egDoes the loan carry

12、any interest?這份貸款是否帶利息?Most newspapers carry weather reports大部分報(bào)紙都登有天氣預(yù)報(bào)。(3)locate vt確定的位置，探明，找到 egI dont know the place，SO I need a map to locate it on我不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)地方，所以需要在地圖上找一下。 We are unable to locate him我們找不到他。 be located(in)位于，坐落于 egThe park is located in the eastern part of the city這家公園位于城市的東部。The s

13、tore is located near the park這家商店位于公園附近。2、People think it important that headlines should aim at being both informative and eye-catching(形式賓語it指代賓語從句“that headlines should aim at being both informative and eye-catching”) 人們認(rèn)為報(bào)紙的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該以提供信息和吸引眼球?yàn)槟康摹?(1)aim at瞄準(zhǔn)；以為目標(biāo) egHe aimed the gun at the enemy offi

14、cer他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)了敵軍軍官。 The factory aims at developing new models machines該工廠致力于研制新型機(jī)械。 aim n瞄準(zhǔn)；目標(biāo)，目的 egThe hunter took aim at the wolf獵手瞄準(zhǔn)狼。 His aim was to swim a mile他的目標(biāo)是游一英里。3、the emphasis placed on its contents=the emphasis which is placed on its contents placeput emphasis on sth= emphasize on sth強(qiáng)調(diào)某事 e

15、gHe placedput emphasis on the importance of learning English in his speech 在他的發(fā)言中，他強(qiáng)調(diào)了學(xué)英語的重要性。4、Others take the view that a newspaper is like a store with many windows “that a newspaper is like a store with many windows”為同位語從句，補(bǔ)充說明“view”。 “that”不可省。 另一種看法認(rèn)為報(bào)紙就像有許多櫥窗的商店，每個(gè)櫥窗都應(yīng)該按同樣高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來布置。 相關(guān)短語：takeho

16、ld the view持某種觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為 egThey hold the view that newspapers wont be replaced with television 他們認(rèn)為報(bào)紙不會(huì)被電視取代。Presentation 3 Text ShowMainText：Front page newsMillions of newspapers are sold every day throughout the world. What section of the newspapers on a newsstand catches your eye?Without doubt, it is

17、the front page. Its contents are usually about the most important happenings of the day. Besides that, it is common practice that the front page carries an index to help the reader quickly locate certain sections of the paper. A front page carries a brief weather forecast for the day as well.Much th

18、ought goes into the actual headlines themselves. A headline is like a title. People think it important that headlines should aim at being both informative and eye-catching. They should attract the readers attention. The main front-page headline is, of course, the most important one. After all, it ca

19、n even determine whether or not a person will be tempted to buy a particular newspaper.While the importance of the front page is obvious, there are two schools of thought over the emphasis placed on its contents. There is the school that describes the front page as a papers “shop window” and therefo

20、re emphasizes the need for “window-dressing”. The trouble with this approach is that too much concentration on the “shop window” tends to reduce the value of the goods displayed inside. Others take the view that a newspaper is like a store with many windows, each of which should be dressed to the sa

21、me high standard. It should have a sense of unity.Once the paper has decided the type-the style it will use for headlines-composing the front page is a fairly simple matter. The main story, called the lead, takes the prime position, usually the top left-hand corner of the page. A strong picture occu

22、pies the top center of the page; then follows the second-lead, third-lead and other stories in size-graded headings.When there is a big event, the paper uses a headline which runs the full width of the page and which is usually set in a bold type. However, a newspaper has to draw a line between bein

23、g eye-catching and being sensational. A newspaper which overuses shock methods may lose its reputation.Additional Text:Two pieces of newsGREAT VICTORY ENDS YEARS OF WAITING Moscow: It was Beijings night yesterday in Moscow.As Juan Antonio Samaranch, president of the International Olympic Committee (

24、IOC), announced that Beijing would be the host for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, cheering, applauding and waving of flags broke out to celebrate the victory.“Now the results of the voting-the Games of the 29th Olympiad in 2008 is awarded to the city ofBeijing,” declared Samaranch, the most famous s

25、ports figure in the world.Beijing won in the second round ballot with 56 votes from the 105 voting IOC members, while Toronto got a distant 22, Paris 18 and Istanbul 9. Osaka, which received 6 votes, was eliminated in the first round.A contract to host the Games followed after the vote.BEIJING WAS S

26、LEEPLESS LAST NIGHT Thousands upon thousands of people gathered in squares, shopping malls, streets and millions of homes to applaud the citys success in its bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games.Buildings and streets were brightly lit, and heartfelt cheers and laughter filled the air. Fireworks lit up

27、 the night sky, and flags formed a sea of flowing colour.As International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Juan Antonio Samaranch announced that Beijing had won the IOC vote at 10:15 last night, the ancient capital burst into cheers and tears.The China Millennium Monument(中華世紀(jì)壇) in western Beijing,

28、 the centre of the celebration, was alive with cheerful crowds. Senior Chinese leaders joined university students and local citizens in celebrating the success in the bid with the whole nation.Tiananmen Square was also filled with people who poured into the city centre on learning about the news. Ch

29、anting “Beijing! Olympics!” at the top of ones voice seemed the commonest means of expressing ones feelings. Thousands of cars waited in endless queues along Changan Boulevard(長安街) and other major avenues. Wild with joy, the drivers kept blowing their horns. Messages were sent by cell phones, teleph

30、ones, e-mails, etc., and popular websites were crammed with visitors.Presentation 4 同位語從句同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞：引 導(dǎo) 詞that: 從句語意完整，that不充當(dāng)成分，不可省略The general gave the order that the soldier should cross the river at once.whether: 從句語意不完整，需增加“是否”的含義，if不可以引導(dǎo)Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will hel

31、d on time.what, who, whom, whose, When, where, how, why: 從句語意不完整，需增加“什么時(shí)候、什么地點(diǎn)、什么方式” 等I have no idea when he will be back.I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.注：1. 當(dāng)主語的謂語較短，而同位語的從句較長時(shí)，同位語從句常后置：The thought came to him that maybe he had left the door open when leaving home2. 如果同位語從句的

32、先行詞為order, suggestion, advice, demand,proposal,recommendation等時(shí)，常用虛擬語氣should+do, should可省略, 如：Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)分同位語從句定語從句從詞類上前面名詞詞一般是idea, fact, hope, belief, suggestion, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility等先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或者整個(gè)主句判斷：Our

33、 team has won the game, which made us very happy. 定從 Word came that our team has won the game. 同從We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 同從His mother did all that she could to help him with his study. 定從從性質(zhì)上對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步解釋或說明，屬于名詞性從句范疇對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制，屬于形容詞性從句的范疇判斷：The news that our

34、team has won the game was true. 同從，補(bǔ)充說明news到底是什么The news that he told me yesterday was true. 定從，news作told的賓語I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 同從The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 定從從引導(dǎo)詞上that引導(dǎo)同從時(shí)僅起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成分，不可省，不能用which替換How, whether, what

35、不可以引導(dǎo)定從； that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，在從句中一般作主語或賓語，還可以用which替換，作賓語時(shí)可省判斷：The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 同從，是對(duì)order的具體解釋，that不作任何成分，不可省The order (that) we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 定從, 是名詞order的修飾語，that

36、在從句中作receive的賓語，可省區(qū)別下列句子We havent settled the question where we are going to spend the vacation.同從，從句是對(duì)question的解釋說明是什么樣的問題We havent settled where we are going to spend the vacation.賓從，從句是做settle的賓語We havent settled the question that we discussed at the meeting the other day.定從，從句是對(duì)question的限定修飾，tha

37、t做discuss的賓語We havent settled the place where we are going to spend the vacation.定從， 從句是限定修飾place 例題：例1：1）Information has been put forward(發(fā)布)_more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities(錄取)(NMET2001上海) Awhile Bthat Cwhen Das析：答案為B。more middle school graduates will be admitted in

38、to universities是Information 的內(nèi)容，且Information不在從旬中做成分，所以該句為同位語從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university, this is the information _has been put forward Awhat Bthat Cwhen D. as 析：答案為B。that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語,且information在從句中做主語，所以該句為定

39、語從句。例2：1）She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouthAit Bwhich Cthis Dthat析：答案為B。分析語境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知，該旬為非限嗣性定語從句，先行詞為a terrible noise，且它在從旬中做主語。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：2)I cant stand the terrible noise she is crying loudlyAit Bwhich Cthis Dthat析：答案為D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容，且the

40、terrible noise不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。Focus Practice on Appositive ClauseI. Choice （Key:l. A 2. B 3. B 4.B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. A）1. The fact _he was successful proves his ability.A. that B. what C. which D. why2. Along with the letter was his promise _he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.

41、which B. that C. what D. whether3. The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. what B. that C. why D. when4. His suggestion _the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. which B. that C. / D. it5.1 have no idea _he will start.A. when B. that C. what D. /6. Word came _a new viaduct would be b

42、uilt here.A. if B. that C. whether D. which7. Luckily, we'd brought a road map without _we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. which8. We decided against installing new air-conditioners for the reason _it would be too costly.A. why B. because C. for which D. that9. The nurses are tr

43、ying their best to reduce the patient's fear _he would die of the disease.A. that B. as C. of which D. which10. He often asked me the question_ the work was worth doing.A. whether B. where C. that D. when. Translation1.他將成為一名世界著名的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的夢(mèng)想終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了。（同位語從句，come true）His dream came true that he would b

44、ecome a world famous footballer.2.我不懷疑你在說實(shí)話。（同位語從句，doubt）I had no doubt that you were telling the truth.3.誰偷了我的自行出，這個(gè)問題一直困擾著我。（同位語從句，puzzle）The question who stole my bike puzzled me.4.沒有人能解開他突然消失這個(gè)謎。（同位語從句，mystery）Nobody can explain the mystery why he suddenly disappeared.5.我們已經(jīng)定好了規(guī)矩，開會(huì)遲到的要罰款。（it）We

45、 have made it a rule that those who are late for the meeting will be fined.6.眾所周知，中國史個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。（It）It's known to all that China is a developing country.Home AssignmentI . Complete each of the following sentences with a proper word or phrase1. Sue's face _ with surprise.2. Don't let credit_

46、you _buy something you can't afford.3. As soon as the little girl saw her mother , she _tears and rushed to her mother.4. He was about to leave the classroom when a quick movement across the aisle5. _, she made the greatest progress in this final-examination.6. The young man_ his rifle_ the bird

47、, fired and shot it luckily.7. All the students and the teachers_ Tom _forceful, aggressive and determined.8. We won't trust him because he_ tell lies.9. Food donations _from all over the country.10. The street _the sounds of the soldiers.Key：1. lit up 2. tempt; to 3. burst into 4. caught his ey

48、e 5. Without doubt 6. aimed to 7. describe; as 8. tends to 9. have poured in 10. was alive with.Choice （A 2.C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. B）1. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where2. This is the museum _they will visit tomorrow.A. in which B. whe

49、re C. / D. on which3. There are three pens on the desk. I wonder _she will choose.A. that B. which C. that one D. which one4. That is _ they are looking forward to getting.A. what B. that C. whether D. when5. The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.A. that B. which

50、C. whether D. if6. Don't get discouraged by setbacks, we are new to the work_.A. at all B. in all C. after all D. above all7. At the end of the meeting, the chairman said:"_,we should get everything ready by next Friday. "A. in disbelief B. believe in C. believe D. in brief8. The plane

51、 crashed into the hillside and_ flames.A. burst out B. burst forth C. burst into D. burst upon9. I must be leaving now. Here "leaving" can be replaced by_.A. leaving for B. coming C. out D. off10._,he is the first one to arrive in the office. A. As general B. In general C. General speaking

52、 D. Speaking generallyIII.Fill in the blanks with the following phrases in their proper forms（提高題）A. determined B. career C. realize D. incredible E. completely F. intimate G. promoted H. achieve I. largely J. factorWhat is perfect life? Brian Tracy tells us to achieve the dream by achieving the fol

53、lowing goals first.Healthy and FitThe first goal common to all of us is health and energy. We all want to be healthy and fit, to have high levels of energy and to live free of pain and illness. Today, with the 1 advances in medical science, the quality of our health and fitness, and our lifespan, is 2 determined by design, not by chance. People with excellent health habits are far healthier, have more energy, and live longer and better than people who have poor health habits.Excellent RelationshipsThe second goal that we all have i