高中英語語法定語從句講解及練習(xí)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高中英語語法：定語從句定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。 注意：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語從句之間，起著連接主從句、指代先行詞和在從句中作句子成分的三重作用。一、關(guān)系代詞that, which, who引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān) 系 代 詞例 句 that在從句中作主語或賓語指物1. A plane is a machine that can

2、fly.2. The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.指人1. Who is the man that is reading a book over there?2. The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister.which在從句中作主語或賓語指物1. They planted some trees which didnt need much water.2. The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh.who, whom在從句中分

3、別作主語或賓語指人1. The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.2. The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3. The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.4. Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write.二、關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞whose為關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，用作名詞的限定語，whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可為限制性的，也可為非限制性的。先行詞

4、既可為人，也可為物，whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語從句中可作主語及動詞或介詞的賓語。例如：This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. The room whose window faces south is mine. He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten.=He has written a book the name of which Ive forgotten.三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān) 系 副 詞例 句when在從句中作時間狀語(可以轉(zhuǎn)化為in /o

5、n /at /during which)October 1, 1949 is the day when (=on which) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.Ill never forget the year when (=in which) we worked on the farm.where在從句中作地點狀語(可以轉(zhuǎn)化為in / at which)The hotel where (=in which) we stayed wasnt very clean.I recently went to the town where (=in w

6、hich) I was born.Id like to live in a country where (=in which) there is plenty of sunshine.why在從句中作原因狀語(可以轉(zhuǎn)化為for which)I didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason why (=for which) I left.The reason why (=for which) he was late was that he missed the train.四、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 先把主句和定語從句分開，再找出定語從句所修飾的

7、名詞/代詞（即先行詞），然后放入定語從句中，看看這兩者的搭配情況。1）如果定語從句和該先行詞可以直接相連，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語/賓語/表語的話，則用關(guān)系代詞。This is the city (which/that) you visited last year.2）如果定語從句和該先行詞無法直接相連，必須另外多加上介詞，并在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語時，則使用關(guān)系副詞。This is the city where you stayed last year.選擇：1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on w

8、hich D. the one 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 五、限制性和非限制性定語從句 1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不 明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, wh

9、ich we bought last month, is very nice. 這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性） 2）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理.史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。 This novel, which I have r

10、ead three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。 3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。He is working hard for the exam, which makes his parents happy.說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 4）as引導(dǎo)的非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思，放于句首。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句不可放于句首。as常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：as we all know; as is well known to; as i

11、s often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。 The sun heats the earth, which is very impor

12、tant to us. 太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?六、介詞+關(guān)系詞 1）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時，介詞的賓語只能用which（指物）和whom（指人），即：介詞+which/whom。不能用that和who。Thisistheteacherfromwhomwevelearnedalot.這就是從他那里我們學(xué)了很多東西的老師。2）有時介詞也可放在從句的末尾，這時關(guān)系代詞可用which/that(指物)，who/whom/that（指人），也可以省略。Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingtojustnowismyEnglishteacher.

13、你剛剛和他談話的那個人是我的英語老師。3）當(dāng)定語從句中的謂語動詞短語是固定搭配，不可分割時，那么動詞短語中的介詞不能前置。ThisisthepenwhichImlookingfor.這是我正在找的那支鋼筆。不能寫成：ThisisthepenforwhichImlooking.4）引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”代替。This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. 七、定語從句的特

14、殊用法：1）不用that的情況 a）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。例如： The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. （錯誤）b）放在介詞之后時。We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我們依賴土地獲得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2） 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b）在不定代詞，如：anyth

15、ing, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which.Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。 c）先行詞有the only, the very, the last, the same, the just修飾時，只用that。 d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。. e）先行詞既有人，又有物時。f) 當(dāng)先行詞是疑問詞who, which, what或主

16、句以這些詞開頭時。Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?3）當(dāng)those作為先行詞指人時，通常只能用who引導(dǎo)；Those who leave last should turn off the lights.4）當(dāng)先行詞有the same 修飾時，關(guān)系代詞可以用that, 也可以用as,但意思不同This is the same pen as I lost. 這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。（the same -as-相似物）This is the same pen that I lost. 這本書就是我丟的那本。（the same-tha

17、t-同一物）5）當(dāng)先行詞是the way（方式）時，定語從句用that或in which或省略I dont like the way that/in which/省略you talked to your mother.我不喜歡你跟你母親說話的方式。6）當(dāng)先行詞有so或such修飾時，定語從句用as引導(dǎo)This is such an interesting book as we all like.This is so interesting a book as we all like.這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。八、幾個易混點區(qū)分1. He failed in the exam. _It_

18、 made his parents angry.He failed in the exam, _which_ made his parents angry.2. He has two sons. Both of _them_ are teachers. He has two sons, both of _whom_ are teachers.4. The earth is round. _It_ is known to all.The earth is round, _which/as_ is known to all. 5. _As_ is known to all, the earth i

19、s round.（定語從句在句首時只能用as）_It_ is known to all that the earth is round. (that從句是主語從句，it作形式主語)6. This is the reason _why/for which_ he was late.This is the reason _that/which/_ he gave.定語從句練習(xí)一、用關(guān)系代詞或副詞填空。1.Hesaidthiswasthebestarticle_hadbeenwrittenbythewriter.2.Whereistheboy_armwashurtbythewindow_glassi

20、sbroken?3.ThefirstEnglishnovel_arousedhisinterestwasanovelbyMarkTwain.4.Isthereanything_youdontunderstand?5.Everything_canbedonehasbeendone.6.Theonlyproblem_troubledhimhasalreadybeensolved.7.Thatsall_Iwanttotellyou.8.Thestudent_wonthefirstprizeintheEnglishcontestisfromourclass.9.Thisisthecity_Ihavel

21、ongwaitedtovisit.10.Theyworkinafactory_makesradioparts.11.Who_hasseenthefilmdoesntadmireit?12.Thebaby_sheistakingcareoflookshealthy.13.Whatsthat_wasflashedintheskyjustnow?14.Shanghaiisnolongerthecity_usedtobethreeyearsago.15.Suchafilm_wasshowninthecinemayesterdayisnotsuitableforchildren.16.Dontmaket

22、hesamemistake_thesixblindmendid.17.Therulerorderedthatanyone_refusedtobowbeforehimshouldbethrownintoprison.18.Frompracticewecanlearnmuch_cannotbelearnedfrombooks.19.Thisistheonlystep_wecantakeatthemoment.20.Hespokeoftheworkersandthefactories_hehadvisited.二、單項選擇。1. The place _interested me most was t

23、he Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year _the C

24、hinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6. The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7. Great changes have taken place since then in

25、 the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8. This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9. Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. a

26、bout that you talked D. that you talked 10. The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12. The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom

27、C. with which D. with whom 13. It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14. Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15. I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16. He isnt

28、such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17. He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18. Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19. I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. th

29、e such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20. He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21. The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds o

30、f _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23. Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24. I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25. Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou i

31、s famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26. I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27. I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 2

32、8. The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29. This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30. This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. th

33、at I have looked after D. I have looked after 31. The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32. He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33. That is not the way _I do it. A. / B.which C.for which D.with which 34. I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35. I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. whi