初三總復(fù)習(xí),動詞

1、 精英名師堂合江校區(qū) 開發(fā)潛能 開啟智能 心智和諧 中小學(xué)文化、藝體小班培訓(xùn)頂尖品牌精英名師學(xué)堂教案 第 4 講 教務(wù)主任簽字： 科 目英語年 級高一教師姓名雷老師課 題高一動詞篇Teaching content【Teaching Aims】掌握動詞的基本用法【Teaching Key Points】動詞的數(shù)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等的分類【Teaching Difficult Points】重點掌握動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)【Teaching Procedures】動詞是表示人或事物動作和狀態(tài)的詞。按照其語法功能，動詞分為行為動詞、系動詞、助動詞及情態(tài)動詞四類。行為動詞又叫實義動詞，分為及物動詞(后面必須跟賓語意義

2、才完整的動詞)，不及物動詞(本身意義不完整，其后不能接賓語的動詞)；系動詞(不能獨立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語)；助動詞(本身沒有詞義，不能獨立作謂語，只能和別的動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語的詞，這類詞表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等特征，幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問等)；情態(tài)動詞(本身有一定的意義，但沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨使用，必須和實義動詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語，表示說話者的情感、態(tài)度和語氣)。動詞的種類類別功能及用法例子行為動詞及物動詞vt.本身含有實在意義，表示動作或狀態(tài)，在句中能獨立作謂語?？梢越淤e語afford,buy,enjoy,keep不及物動詞vi.不可以直接接賓語arrive,cry,die,fal

3、l連系動詞本身有一定的詞義，但詞義不完整，不能單獨作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。be,smell,look,taste助動詞本身沒有詞義，不能獨立作謂語，只能和實義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定、疑問等。do,does,will,shall情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，只能和實義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。may, must,can, need1不及物動詞要想接賓語，必須在不及物動詞后加上適當?shù)慕樵~。如：The baby is smiling at us.嬰兒正對著我們笑。He died of hunger.他死于饑餓。Please l

4、isten to the teacher carefully.請仔細聽老師講課。2雙賓語動詞后面跟兩個賓語，直接賓語為動詞直接涉及的事物；間接賓語往往指涉及的人。間接賓語有時可放到后面去，由介詞to或for引導(dǎo)，變成介詞短語。(1)能接以to引導(dǎo)的間接賓語的動詞常見的有：bring，give，leave，lend，offer，pass，play，read，send，show，take，teach，tell，write等。如：Could you lend your dictionary to me？請你把你的字典借我用用好嗎？She passed the salt to him.她把鹽遞給了他。

5、(2)能接以for引導(dǎo)的間接賓語的動詞常見的有：bring，build，buy，cook，cut，fetch，find，get，keep，make，order，save，pick，play，sing，take，win，write等。如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.母親每天都為我們做早飯。I'll fetch a chair for you.我去給你拿一個凳子。()1.(2015·遂寧)Can I _ a dictionary from you?Sorry, I don't have one.Aborrow Blend

6、 Clent()2.(2015·遂寧)There _ a card on the teacher's desk five minutes ago, but now it is gone.Ahave Bis Cwas ()3.(2014·眉山)Who _ the tennis game yesterday?Jack，he _ all the others.Abeat；won Bwon；wonCbeat；beat Dwon；beat()4.(2014·綿陽)May I have a look at your plan for the robot competi

7、tion, Smith?Sorry, Mrs. Brown. I've _ it at home.Amissed Bforgotten Cleft Dlost( )5.(2015·宜昌)Let's do something for our dad.Good idea. We should always _ father's love for us.Aexplain Bsuppose Cwonder Dvalue常見連系動詞的用法常用連系動詞詞義例句be是I'm a girl with short hair.become成為，變得Mike becomes

8、 interested in Chinese.turn變得Mr.White's face turned red.get變得The weather is getting bad.smell聞起來The flowers smell nice.sound聽起來The plan sounds good.taste嘗起來The soup tastes delicious.stay保持The shop stays open till 8 pm.grow成長，變得Her hair is growing white.keep保持The girl keeps silent all the time.fe

9、el感到，摸起來The coat feels very soft.look看起來My mother looks very young.注意1.連系動詞不能單獨作謂語，其后必須接形容詞、名詞或介詞短語作表語。2含連系動詞(be除外)的句子變疑問句時一定要借助助動詞do，does，did等。()6.(2014·眉山)Shall we go for a walk? _great.AFeels BSounds CTurns DLooks()7.(2014·樂山)I can't stand the smell of the stinking tofu.Would you li

10、ke to have a try? It _ quite delicious!Alooks Bsounds Ctastes()8.(2013·宜賓) What do you think of the zongzi? They _ delicious. Are they made by your mother?Asound Btaste Cfeel Dlook()9.(2015·重慶)Your mother _ younger than she is.Thank you for saying so.Alooks Blistens Csees Dhears()10.(2015&

11、#183;濱州)Mom is making dinner. It _ so nice!Asmells Btastes Cfeels Dsounds情態(tài)動詞的用法情態(tài)動詞意義及用法例句may表示“請求許可”，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑問句的否定回答為mustnt。May I go out and play football?No,you mustnt.表推測，意思是“可能”。Mr.Li may be at home.can(could)表示“能力”，意思是“能，會”，否定形式為cant,couldnt。Mike can speak a little Chinese.I could ride

12、the bike when I was 6 years old.用在疑問句中，表示“征求意見”，could比can的語氣更委婉、客氣。Could you tell me something about your school?表推測，常用在否定句和疑問句中。He cant be at home. He has gone to Japan.can用于一般現(xiàn)在時及一般過去時兩種時態(tài)，be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)。He can spell these words.He has been able to draw pictures already.must表示義務(wù)、命令或要求，意思是“必須，應(yīng)

13、該”，否定形式為mustnt，意思是“不應(yīng)該，不允許”，表示警告。You must be careful next time.You mustnt take photos here.表示推測，意為“必定”。He must be in the room.表示說話人的主觀看法。I must go home now.must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答時用must，have to；否定回答時用neednt或dont have to。Must I finish the homework today?No,you neednt/you dont have to.need表示“需要”，多用于否定句。He n

14、eednt worry about it.作實義動詞，后接動詞不定式。Im very tired and I need to have a rest.()11.(2015·樂山)Mum, the train is leaving in eight minutes. I _ go now.Okay, Jim, call me when you get there.Amay Bmust Ccan()12.(2015·資陽)Must I sing the song in Russian?No, you _. It's up to you.Amustn't Bcan

15、't Cdon't Dneedn't ()13.(2013·德陽)Will you please speak louder? I _ hardly hear what you are saying.Acan Bmust Cmay()14.(2013·自貢)Look! The man at the gate _ be our teacher.He is always standing there.No, it _ be him. He is having a meeting in the office now.Amust；can't Bmust

16、；mustn't Ccan't；can't()15.(2015·北京)Jack，_ you ride a bike? Yes, I can.Acan Bmay Cneed Dmust短語動詞類別實例漢義動詞+副詞add up 加起來break out 爆發(fā)carry on堅持下去；繼續(xù)下去change into轉(zhuǎn)換成；變成clean up清除；收拾干凈clear up整理，收拾；(天氣)放晴come back回來；想起來come down落下來come in進入，進來cut down砍倒cut off切斷cut up切碎eat up吃光，吃完fall behi

17、nd落在后面；輸給別人find out發(fā)現(xiàn)；查明get along取得進展get together聚會，聯(lián)歡get up起床give away分發(fā)；贈送give back歸還,送回give in屈服give out分發(fā)；用完，耗盡give up放棄go ahead繼續(xù)go away走開，離去go on繼續(xù)grow up長大成人，成長hand in上交；交納hand out分發(fā)hold on堅持；(打電話)別掛斷keep on繼續(xù)(進行)let in讓進來，放進look ahead向前看look up查找pay back償還(借款等)pick up拾起，撿起；開車接；學(xué)會point out指出，

18、標明put off推遲put on穿；戴上；上演put up舉起；張貼start off出發(fā)stay up熬夜take off脫下；起飛turn down聲音調(diào)小turn in上交turn off關(guān)閉wake up喚醒，醒來watch out當心work out計算出動詞+介詞agree with贊同，同意(某人的看法)arrive at/in到達ask for請求；詢問base on以為依據(jù)belong to屬于break into破門而入call for需要；呼吁care for在乎，關(guān)心come from來自deal with處理；對付depend on/upon依靠；相信；依賴get

19、over克服get to到達go by走過，經(jīng)過go over仔細檢查；復(fù)習(xí)knock at敲laugh at嘲笑learn from向?qū)W習(xí)look after照顧look at看，觀看look for尋找look like看起來像pass by經(jīng)過point to指向quarrel with (和某人)爭吵stand for代表(某事物)；支持stick to堅持talk about談?wù)?，議論think about考慮think of想起，想出；認為wait for等待動詞+副詞+介詞add up to加起來總計catch up with趕上come up with想出get along w

20、ith相處go on with繼續(xù)進行keep away from遠離keep up with跟上；和保持聯(lián)系look down on/upon看不起look forward to盼望look out of朝外看make up of由組成，構(gòu)成run out of耗盡注意：對于“動詞副詞”類的短語，如果是名詞作賓語，那么這個名詞既可以放在短語之間也可以放在短語的后面，但是如果是代詞作賓語，則代詞一定要放在短語之間。如：He turned off all the lights when he left.當他離開時，他關(guān)上了所有的燈。He picked it up and gave it to m

21、e.他撿起它，然后把它交給了我。()16.(2015·內(nèi)江) She realized she was wrong and _ the argument.Acheered up Bput upCtook up Dgave up()17.(2014·德陽)When we got to the airport, the plane had _.Ataken away Btaken off Ctaken place()18.(2014·資陽)She gets 400 dollars every month for _ the flowers in the school.

22、Alooking for Blooking afterClooking at Dlooking out()19.(2013·資陽)Attention, please. The plane has to be _ because of the heavy rain.Oh, bad luck! We have to wait now.Aput on Bput offCput up Dput away()20.(2015·重慶)It's getting dark, would you please _ the light?Aget on Bget offCturn on

23、Dturn off動詞的時態(tài)指的是謂語動詞用來表示動作或情況發(fā)生時的各種動詞形式。英語中一共有16種時態(tài)，但在初中階段常考的時態(tài)有以下9種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時、過去將來時?？疾橹攸c集中在一般現(xiàn)在時在條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中的用法、終止性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中不能與for，since短語或從句連用、have been to與have gone to的用法以及在具體語境中動詞的用法等。動詞的語態(tài)是表示句子主語與謂語動詞之間關(guān)系的一種動詞形式。英語中的動詞語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者或

24、發(fā)出者，被動語態(tài)表示的主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是中考中的必考內(nèi)容之一，其中考查的重點是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。動詞的時態(tài)分類謂語形式用法一般現(xiàn)在時1.動詞原形2.主語是單數(shù)第三人稱，謂語加-s,-es1.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。2.描述客觀真理、客觀存在或科學(xué)事實等。3.在時間、條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。一般過去時動詞的過去式1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。3.用于虛擬語氣中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況。一般將來時1.will/shall+動詞原形2.be going to+動詞原形1.be going

25、 to和will表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。主語一般是人。2.be going to表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定要發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。主語可以是人也可以是物。3.在含有時間、條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句是一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時來代替將來時。4.一些表示位移的動詞，如go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move等，常用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來?，F(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1.表示說話時或目前正在進行的動作。2.與always, usually等詞連用，表示贊揚、厭惡或不滿的情緒。過去進行時was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)

26、在分詞表示過去某個時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作?，F(xiàn)在完成時have/has+動詞的過去分詞1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。2.表示動作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去，常與“for+時間段”或“since表示過去的時間點或時間段”連用。注意：1.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都可表示過去發(fā)生的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果或表示動作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況；而一般過去時只表示動作發(fā)生在過去，不和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生關(guān)系。2.終止性動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時中不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，但在否定句中可以和一段時間連用。過去完成時had+動詞的過去分

27、詞1.表示在過去某一時間或某一動作以前發(fā)生或完成的動作，它所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”。2.表示從過去某一時間開始并持續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。過去將來時1.would+動詞原形2.was/were going to+動詞原形，常用于賓語從句中表示在過去看將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。1在時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中，如果主句謂語動詞是一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：We'll have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday.如果下個星期日天氣晴朗，我們將去野餐。I'll call you as soon as I get to B

28、eijing tomorrow.我明天一到北京就給你打電話。2某些表示起始、往返、出發(fā)、到達之意的動詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按規(guī)定、計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作(此時一般都有一個表示將來時間的狀語)。這類動詞有：begin，come，go，leave，start，arrive，end，stop，open，close等。如：The meeting begins at 2：00 pm. tomorrow.這個會議明天下午2點開始。The next train leaves at 7 o'clock this evening.下一列火車將在今晚7點離開。3現(xiàn)在進行時與always，continua

29、lly，forever等副詞連用，表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，這種用法往往表達說話人的某種感情，如贊揚、遺憾、討厭或不滿等。如：The rich woman is always laughing at the poor.這個有錢的婦女總是嘲笑窮人。4現(xiàn)在完成時中表示短暫動作的動詞不能與for，since等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。如與一段時間連用，要把瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為意思相近的延續(xù)性動詞。常見的變化有：非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinishbe ov

30、erdiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldput onwearget upbe upwake upawakefall asleepbe asleeplosenot havejoinbe inleavebe awayarrive/reachbe如：誤：I've left this school for ten years.正：I've been away from this school for ten years.一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時()1.(2015·雅安)The teacher told us that the sun _ in th

31、e east.Ahad risen Bhas risen Crose Drises()2.(2014·遂寧)Do you know when he _？No, but I will call you when he _ here.Acomes；will come Bcomes；comes Cwill come；comes()3.(2014·德陽)I'll tell him all about it when he _ next week.Acome back Bwill come back Ccomes back()4.(2014·南充)How much

32、is your coat?Oh, it _ me 100 yuan.Acost Bspent Cpaid Dtook()5.(2014·宜賓)Come and join us, Betty!I'm afraid I can't. I'm too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go.Ahave Bhave hadCwill have Dhad現(xiàn)在進行時與過去進行時()6.(2015·資陽)Bob took a photo of his girlfriend while she _ at the par

33、ty.Adances Bwas dancingChas danced Dis dancing ()7.(2014·德陽)While I _ down the street, the traffic accident happened.Awalked Bwas walking Cis walking()8.(2014·綿陽)Hello, Betty! What are you doing now?I _ on the Great Wall of China. I'll send them to you later.Awill take pictures Bam tak

34、ing picturesCwas taking pictures Dtake pictures()9.(2014·宜賓)Look! The police _ the food onto the bank of the river.Aam carrying Bis carryingCare carrying Dare carried()10.(2013·德陽)Where is Jack? He asked me to go swimming this afternoon.Maybe he _ his homework in the classroom.Ais doing Bw

35、as doing Cdoes一般將來時與過去將來時()11.(2015·雅安)If Nick _ home too late, he _ his favorite cartoon.Agets；misses Bgets；will missCwill get；misses Dwill get；will miss()12.(2014·遂寧)Will you go to Peter's party this Saturday evening? I haven't decided yet. If you don't go, _.Aso will I Bneit

36、her do I Cneither will I()13.(2014·南充)There _ a sports meeting in our school next week.Awill have Bis going to haveCare going to have Dis going to be ()14.(2014·綿陽)Which singer do you think _ the Voice of China?I'm not sure. There are still 3 rounds to come.Awon Bhas wonCwill win DWins

37、()15.(2013·自貢)Have you washed the dishes?Not yet. But I _ them in a minute.Awashed Bwill wash Cwash現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時()16.(2015·廣安)_ you ever _ that new film?Yes, I _ it a week ago.AHave；seen；saw BHave；seen；seeCDo；see；see DHad；seen；saw()17.(2015·雅安)The film has _ for an hour.Astarted BbegunC

38、been on Dfinished()18.(2014·綿陽)Is Richard still living here?No, he _ to Paris already.Ahad moved BmovedCwill move Dhas moved()19.(2014·眉山)When she got to the bus station, the bus _ the station for ten minutes.Ahas left Bhad left Chad been away from Dleft()20.(2013·德陽)Where is your fat

39、her?He _ Shanghai on business. He will be back in a week.Ahas gone to Bhas been to Cwent to被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成時態(tài)被動語態(tài)例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are動詞的過去分詞The flowers are often watered by her.一般過去時was/were動詞的過去分詞The trees were planted last year. 一般將來時will/shallbe動詞的過去分詞Some trees will be planted this week by her.現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are

40、being動詞的過去分詞A bridge is being built.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been動詞的過去分詞His rooms have been cleaned by him.過去進行時was/were being動詞的過去分詞His rooms were being cleaned by him then.過去完成時had been動詞的過去分詞His rooms had been cleaned by him then.過去將來時would/should be動詞的過去分詞His rooms would be cleaned by him the next day.含情態(tài)動

41、詞情態(tài)動詞be動詞的過去分詞Your homework must be finished in time.1open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，drive等詞作不及物動詞時，它們的主語為物，可用主動語態(tài)表示被動意義。如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly.這種鋼筆寫起來很流暢。The kind of shirts sells well here.這種樣式的襯衫在這里賣得很好。2look，sound，taste，smell等系動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。如：School uniforms look good on us.我們穿著校服很好看。The cake smells delicious.蛋糕聞起來很香。()21.(2015·資陽)A new school _ last year in my hometown.Aset up Bsets upCis set up Dwas set up()22.(2015·雅安)Trees _ on both sides of the road next year.Awill plant Bwil