高中英語寫作方法指導(dǎo)

1、英語句子概論英語句子概論 基本成分基本成分 附屬成分附屬成分 獨立成分獨立成分 省略成分省略成分 連接成分連接成分 簡單句簡單句 并列句并列句 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 主語主語 不及物動詞不及物動詞 （ S + Vi ） 主語主語 及物動詞及物動詞 賓語賓語 ( S + Vt + O) 主語主語 系動詞系動詞 表表 (S + LV + predicative) 主語雙賓動詞主語雙賓動詞+間賓間賓+直賓直賓(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主語主語 賓補動詞賓補動詞 賓語賓語 賓語補語賓語補語 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)There + be / stand/ lie /

2、 live.簡單句的五種基本句型簡單句的五種基本句型主語、動詞（不及物動詞、及物動詞、雙賓動詞、系動詞、賓補動詞)、賓語及補語可以稱為基本句子成分基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2個基本成分，至多4個基本成分。nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主主語語謂謂語語賓語賓語賓語賓語賓補賓補表語表語賓語賓語(間)賓語賓語(直直)VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivebe / fee

3、l / seem / lookappear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.主語主語 不及物動詞不及物動詞She came/ My head aches.主語主語 及物動詞及物動詞 賓語賓語She likes English.主語主語 系動詞系動詞 主語補語主語補語She is happy主語主語 雙賓動詞雙賓動詞 間接賓語間接賓語 直接賓語直接賓語She

4、 gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主語主語 賓補動詞賓補動詞 賓語賓語 賓語補語賓語補語She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There +beThere lies a book on the desk.簡單句基本句型實例簡單句基本句型實例附屬成分附屬成分基本成分的修飾語?？梢允牵夯境煞值男揎椪Z?？梢允牵?定語：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句定語：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句 狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代

5、詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。短語或從句。定定 語語Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.John often came to chat with meJo

6、hn likes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news, he jumped with joy.As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.狀狀 語語Examples:Oh！What is

7、that?。@嘆詞）！（驚嘆詞）He has，alas，failed againCome here，John（呼語）（呼語）Roll on，Ocean，roll on句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成分和句子的其他詞沒有語法的關(guān)系。這種成分和句子的其他詞沒有語法的關(guān)系。獨立成分獨立成分（You） Come here（I wish you）Good luck！Some gave him praises，but others（gave him）rotten eggsHe runs as fast as, if ( he does )

8、not ( run ) faster, than you. ( I ) Hope you like it. John should clean the room today and Peter ( should clean it ) tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，雖然未說出來，卻在句中表示句中被省略的成分，雖然未說出來，卻在句中表示一定的意思：一定的意思：省略成分省略成分連接成分實際上是一個連詞，用來連接兩個或幾個平行的連接成分實際上是一個連詞，用來連接兩個或幾個平行的詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做并列連詞并列連詞。另一類連接成分是用來連接兩個句子、且一個句子從

9、屬于另一類連接成分是用來連接兩個句子、且一個句子從屬于另一個句子（即從句）的連詞。這類連詞叫另一個句子（即從句）的連詞。這類連詞叫從屬連詞從屬連詞。從。從屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。一個完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含一個完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含2個到個到4個基本成個基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個或更多其他分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個或更多其他的句子成分。的句子成分。連接成分連接成分簡單句只有一個限定動詞（即只有一個主謂結(jié)簡單句只有一個限定動詞（即只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。主要起下列四種構(gòu)），它是最小的句子單位。主要

10、起下列四種作用中的一種。作用中的一種。 作一種陳述作一種陳述 提出一個問題提出一個問題 發(fā)出一種命令或請求發(fā)出一種命令或請求 表示一種感嘆表示一種感嘆Examples:The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy.The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl.Stephen apologized at once.Does the shop close at 7 tonight?Shut the door.What a slow train this is!簡單句的基本詞序簡單句的基本詞序主語主

11、語動詞部分動詞部分賓語賓語 狀語狀語（謂語）（謂語） 方式方式 地點地點 時間時間Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away in a police car.簡單句的擴展成份簡單句的擴展成份簡單句的主語、賓語可以加上一個短語（如定語）來擴展，簡單

12、句的主語、賓語可以加上一個短語（如定語）來擴展，及物動詞或不及物動詞也可以與其它短語（如狀語）連用及物動詞或不及物動詞也可以與其它短語（如狀語）連用進(jìn)行擴展。進(jìn)行擴展。I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.The dog jumped through the window.He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven ocloc

13、k.He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday.The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.兩個簡單句的主語可以連詞兩個簡單句的主語可以連詞and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等連詞連接組等連詞連接組成一個簡單句，但應(yīng)注意主語和謂語動詞的一致性。成一個簡單句，但應(yīng)注意主語和謂語動詞的一致性。The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying t

14、o Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin. Eith

15、er the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isnt flying to York. Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.主語、謂語、賓語的合并主語、謂語、賓語的合并兩個簡單句的賓語可由兩個簡單句的賓語可由and、bothand等連詞連接組成等連詞連接組成一個簡單句。一個簡單句。I met Jane. I met her husband.I met Jane and her hus

16、band.I met both Jane and her husband.It was cold. It was wet.It was cold and wet.I didnt meet Jane. I didnt meet her husband.I didnt meet either Jane or her husband. I met neither Jane nor her husband.兩個或兩個以上限定動詞也可合并為一個簡單句。兩個或兩個以上限定動詞也可合并為一個簡單句。We sang all night. We danced all night.We sang and danc

17、ed all night.主語、謂語、賓語的合并主語、謂語、賓語的合并并列句并列句需把幾個意思連接在一起時，可用分號需把幾個意思連接在一起時，可用分號或把兩個或幾個簡單句用或把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞并列連詞連接連接起來，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個并列句。起來，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個并列句。用分號：用分號：We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.用分號，后跟一個連接副詞：用分號，后跟一個連接副詞：We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.用并列連詞（如用并列連詞（如and、but、so、yet等）等）

18、We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.并列句并列句常用并列連詞常用并列連詞coordinating conjunctions 平行并列連詞平行并列連詞: 轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞： 因果并列連詞因果并列連詞: 選擇并列連詞選擇并列連詞:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and thenbut, however, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror, neither nor并列句并列句并列句的詞序：并列句的詞序：并列句基本上保留了簡單句并列句基本上保留了簡單句

19、的詞序。的詞序。主語主語 謂語謂語 賓語賓語 連詞連詞 主語主語 動詞動詞 表語表語Jimmy fell off his bike but (he) wasnt hurt.五種簡單句型可用五種簡單句型可用并列連詞并列連詞連接起來組成并列句。連接起來組成并列句。 主主 謂謂 狀（方式）狀（方式） 連連 主主 謂謂 表表Frank worked hard and (he ) became an architect.主主 謂謂 賓賓 連連 主主 謂謂 地點地點I ve got a cold, so I m going to bed. 主主 謂謂 賓賓 賓補賓補 連連 主主 謂謂 賓賓They mad

20、e him chairman, but (they) didnt increase his salary.Exercise:請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, bu

21、t He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所構(gòu)成的句子。在英語書面語中應(yīng)用廣泛。構(gòu)成的句子。在英語書面語中應(yīng)用廣泛。主句是一個完整的句子主句是一個完整的句子,它可以獨立存在。它可以獨立存在。從句是一個不完整的句子從句是一個不完整的句子,它必須和一個它必須和一個主句連用，不能獨立存在。主句連用，不能獨立存在。復(fù)合句可以通過把兩個以上簡單句連接復(fù)合句可以通過把兩個以上簡單句連接在一起構(gòu)成在一起構(gòu)成,

22、但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非同等重要，其中一個句子由同等重要，其中一個句子由從屬連詞從屬連詞引引導(dǎo)（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。導(dǎo)（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 = 主句主句 + 從句從句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句是在簡單句的基礎(chǔ)上，通過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個復(fù)合句是在簡單句的基礎(chǔ)上，通過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個以上簡單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起以上簡單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從句：句： 1. 主語從句主語從句 2. 賓語從句賓語從

23、句3. 表語從句表語從句 4. 定語從句定語從句5. 狀語從句狀語從句 6. 同位語從句同位語從句 英文寫作中最常使用的從句英文寫作中最常使用的從句 賓語從句賓語從句 狀語從句狀語從句 1. 定語從句定語從句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.賓語賓語how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how

24、 much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay. when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.賓語從句賓語從句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句I dont know him.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has

25、 finished his work.賓語從句賓語從句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句the people surprised Th

26、at What he saidwhat he did主語主語That he didnt know the answerin the room.定語定語who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句That is the fact.表表 語語what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he

27、 was ill.what has happened.復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地點狀語地點狀語時間狀語時間狀語where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡單

28、句簡單句 + 從屬連詞從屬連詞 +簡單句簡單句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地點狀語地點狀語where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.指出下列各從句的類型指出下列各從句的類型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who s

29、ings best in my class.賓語從句賓語從句狀語從句狀語從句定語從定語從句句Practice用所給連詞連接句子。用所給連詞連接句子。He has found out. She was late. (why)He has found out why she was late.I still remember the day. I first went to York on that day. (when)I still remember the day when I first went to York.將各組句子連接為一個含有將各組句子連接為一個含有狀語從句狀語從句的復(fù)合句。的

30、復(fù)合句。PracticeHe didnt come yesterday. He was ill. (原因原因)He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.Ill give the letter to him. I see him. （時間）（時間）It is such a big box. Nobody can move it. （結(jié)果）（結(jié)果）Well go to the great wall. Its fine tomorrow. (條件條件) We should not go there all the time. The place is qu

31、ite pleasant.(讓步）讓步）It is such a big box that nobody can move it.Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.Ill give the letter to him when I see him.Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him.Ill give the letter to h

32、im the moment I see him.書面表達(dá)的五個步驟書面表達(dá)的五個步驟 仔細(xì)審題仔細(xì)審題（4確定）確定） （1）體裁格式）體裁格式_（2）題材內(nèi)容）題材內(nèi)容_（3）中心人稱）中心人稱_ （4）主體時態(tài)）主體時態(tài)_ 2.提煉要點，確定重點詞匯提煉要點，確定重點詞匯 要點：要點： Point 1: Point 2： Point 3: Point4 4個主要點個主要點 4個次要點個次要點 用英語列出動詞，動詞短語用英語列出動詞，動詞短語 句型等句型等3.連詞成句連詞成句4. 組句成篇組句成篇（1）適當(dāng)添加信息點，）適當(dāng)添加信息點， 使文意通順連貫使文意通順連貫（2）巧妙使用連接詞，）巧

33、妙使用連接詞， 使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊（3）靈活運用好句式，）靈活運用好句式， 使文章文采飛揚使文章文采飛揚 5.檢查謄寫檢查謄寫仔細(xì)謄寫，保證字跡仔細(xì)謄寫，保證字跡工整，卷面整潔。工整，卷面整潔。原題內(nèi)容：大學(xué)生活即將開始，你將面對新的學(xué)習(xí)和生活環(huán)境，請根據(jù)提示寫一篇英語短文，談?wù)勀愦蛩闳绾伟才拍愕拇髮W(xué)生活。內(nèi)容要點應(yīng)包括：1.確定新的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)2.改進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)方法3.學(xué)會獨立生活4.參加各種課外活動5.處理好與同學(xué)的關(guān)系注意：短言語的內(nèi)容要連貫、完整；短文單詞數(shù)：100左右（開頭已給出的單詞不計入單詞總數(shù)）。I will go to college in the near future.

34、_當(dāng)我們看到以上要點時，可以按以下五步進(jìn)行“擴句”并連句成篇。步驟一：列要點步驟一：列要點1. set a new target for learning2. improve my study method3. learn how to live on my own4. take part in different kinds of after-class activities5. get on well with my classmates當(dāng)對限定的內(nèi)容表達(dá)“山窮水盡疑無路”時，可用“變通”的手法，比如：1. set a new target for learningfind a bette

35、r way to study my lessons/ try to reach a new goal/ aim at a new goal2. studying methods learning skills/ ways of learning3. live on my own make myself independent/ depend on myself4. after- class activitiesschool activities/ activities in my spare time5. get on well with work well with/ communicate

36、 successfully with步驟二：造簡單句步驟二：造簡單句1.I would like to set a new target for my studies.2. I want to improve my learning skills.3. I am willing to learn how to live on my own.4. I plan to take part in different kinds of after- class activities.5. I hope that I can get on well with my classmates步驟三：擴展句子步

37、驟三：擴展句子句子是文章的基本單位。英語中所有結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子都是有基本句型擴展而生成的，因此，在基本句型的基礎(chǔ)上添加各種修飾成分便可使句子得到擴展，正如樹干長出了大枝、小枝、綠葉、花朵等，使句子的意思更具體形象。1.I would like to set a new target for my studies after I enter college.（添加狀語從句）（添加狀語從句）2. I want to improve my learning skills and work even harder at my lessons.（補充細(xì)節(jié)）（補充細(xì)節(jié)）3. I am willing to

38、learn how to live on my own as life at college is quite different from that in middle school/ such as doing some cleaning or washing by myself.( 添加狀語從句或通過舉例來補充細(xì)節(jié)添加狀語從句或通過舉例來補充細(xì)節(jié))4. I plan to take part in different kinds of after- class activities in order to get some more experience and learn more a

39、bout the world.（添加目添加目的狀語）的狀語）5. I hope that I can get on well with my classmates by helping them and learning from each other.(添加分詞作方式狀語添加分詞作方式狀語)步驟四：潤色句子步驟四：潤色句子句要點2：I want to improve my learning skills and work even harder（and more efficiently） at my lessons.要點4：I plan to take part in different k

40、inds of after- class activities in order to get some more experience and learn more about the world.如將本句替換為“broaden my horizons”或“enlarge my knowledge”，要點3還可利用it 作形式主語：It is necessary for me to learn how to live on my own as life at college is quite different from that in middle school；要點4前還可以再添加“if

41、 possible”。 要點5可以添加do 來加強語氣。總之，我們可以靈活巧妙地運用 “it” 句型（如：強調(diào)句、形式主語或賓語）、倒裝句、省略句等，使文章句式豐富多彩、行文自然流暢。步驟五：連句成篇步驟五：連句成篇I will go to college in the near future.（原題已給出） Therefore(連接詞連接詞).I would like to set a new target for my studies after I enter college.（要點（要點1）I want to improve my learning skills and work ev

42、en harder at my lessons（要點（要點2）. Whats more（連接詞）（連接詞）, it is necessary for me to learn to live on my own as life at college is quite different from that in middle school （要點（要點3）. If possible(連接詞連接詞), I plan to take part in different kinds of after- class activities in order to get some more experie

43、nce and learn more about the world(或broaden my horizons)(要點要點4).Finally（連接詞）（連接詞）I do hope that I can get on well with my classmates by helping them and learning from each other. （要點（要點5）I believe I will have a wonderful life at college（結(jié)尾句）（結(jié)尾句）.亮點句型句式總結(jié)一.開頭句型1.As far as .is concerned 2.It goes wit

44、hout saying that.3.It can be said with certainty that.4.As the proverb says，5.It has to be noticed that.6.Its generally recognized that.7.Its likely that . 8.Its hardly that.9.Its hardly too much to say that.10.What calls for special attention is that.需要特別注意的是11.Theres no denying the fact that.毫無疑問，

45、無可否認(rèn)12.Nothing is more important than the fact that.13.whats far more important is that.二.銜接句型A case in point is .As is often the case.As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而問題并非如此簡單，所以But its a pity that.For all that.In spite of the fact that.Further, w

46、e hold opinion that. However , the difficulty lies in.Similarly, we should pay attention to. not(that).but(that).不是，而是In view of the present station.鑒于目前形勢 As has been mentioned above. In this respect, we may as well (say)從這個角度上我們可以說 However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is.然而

47、我們還得看到事物的另一方面，即三.結(jié)尾句型I will conclude by saying.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that.All things considered,總而言之It may be safely said that.Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that. The data/statistics/figures lead

48、 us to the conclusion that. It can be concluded from the discussion that.從中我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論 From my point of view, it would be better if.在我看來也許更好四.舉例句型Lets take.to illustrate this.試舉例以茲證明lets take the above chart as an example toillustrate this.Here is one more example.Take for example.The same is true o

49、f.This offers a typical instance of.We may quote a common example of.Just think of.五 常用于引言段的句型Some people think that . To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. For years, has been seen as , but things are quite different now. I believe the title statement is valid becau

50、se. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that . I believe. My argument for this view goes as follows. 6. Along with the development of, more and more.7. There is a long-running debate as to whether.8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that.9. As far as I am concern

51、ed, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.六 表示比較和對比的常用句型和表達(dá)法 A is completely / totally / entirely different from B. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect. A and B differ in. A di

52、ffers from B in. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in. 6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B.7. A, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B.8. While it is generally believed that A , I believe B.9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B .

53、However, A; on the other hand, B.11. The most striking difference is that A, while B.七 演繹法常用的句型1 There are several reasons for, but in general, they come down to three major ones.2 There are many factors that may account for, but the following are the most typical ones.3 Many ways can contribute to

54、solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.4 Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.5 The reasons are as follows.八 因果推理法常用句型 1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / t

55、herefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot.5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7.

56、The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 英語寫作中的句式選擇,結(jié)合平時練習(xí)和所學(xué)短語及語法運用，總結(jié)如下,與大家共同探討:一 改變時態(tài) 例: The bell is ringing now. 一般 There goes the bell. 特殊二 改變語態(tài)例: People suggest that the conference be put off.一般 It is suggested tha

57、t the conference be put off.特殊三 使用不定式 例: He is so kind that he can help me.一般 He is so kind as to help me. 特殊 四 使用過去分詞例: 1 She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.一般Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab 特殊.2 Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.一般 Once seen, it

58、can never be forgotten. 特殊五 使用 v- ing 1 When he arrives，please give me an e-mail一般 On arriving /his arrival ,please give me an e-mail.特殊 2 If the weather permits ,I will come tomorrow.一般 I will come tomorrow, weather permitting. .特殊. 六 使用名詞性從句 1 It disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up.一般 The

59、 fact that he did n t turn up disappointed everybody.特殊 2 I happened to have met him.一般 It happened that I had met him. 特殊 3To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.一般 What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things. 特殊七七 使用定語從句使用定語從句 例例; The girl is spoken highly of. He

60、r composition was well written.一般一般 The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. 特殊特殊八八 使用狀語從句使用狀語從句 1 I wont believe what he says.一般一般 No matter what he says, I wont believe.特殊特殊2 If you come back before six oclock, you can go out.一般一般 You can go out on condition that you come b