初中語法-動詞的分類

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中語法-動詞的分類專心-專注-專業(yè)中階語法 Lesson1 動詞的分類Louise1、 什么是動詞？2、 (1) 實義動詞 及物動詞 (vt.) 后接賓語（行為動詞） 不及物動詞(vi.) (2)系動詞 be/become/get/look/seem/turn/sound/smell/taste/feel/keep(3)助動詞 be +doing/+done動詞的分類 Have(has/had) +done/+been doing do(does/did) will/ shall/ would/ should(4)情態(tài)動詞 may/ might/ can/ coul

2、d/ must/ should/ will/ would 一、動詞是用來表示主語做什么（即行為動詞），或表示主語是什么或怎么樣（即狀態(tài)動詞）的詞。二、動詞的分類（一）行為動詞Notional Verb行為動詞（實義動詞）是表示行為、動作或狀態(tài)的詞。它的詞義完整，可以單獨作謂語。I live in Beijing with my mother.（我和我媽媽住在北京。）live，住It has a round face.（它有一張圓臉。）has，有1、及物動詞 Transitive Verb后面必須跟賓語，意思才完整，例如：Give me some ink, please.（請

3、給我一些墨水。）If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.（如果你們有問題，你們可以舉手，。）2、不及物動詞 Intransitive Verb后面不能跟賓語，意思已完整。不及物動詞有時可以加上副詞或介詞，構(gòu)成短語動詞，相當于一個及物動詞。例如：He works hard.（他工作努力。）Jack runs faster than Mike.（杰克跑步比邁克要快些。）Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.（請看黑板，聽我說。）（二）連系動詞 Link Verb連系動詞是表示主語

4、“是什么”或“怎么樣”的詞，它雖有詞義，但不完整，所以不能單獨作謂語，必須跟表語一起構(gòu)成合成謂語。1、表示“是”的動詞be。這個詞在不同的主語后面和不同的時態(tài)中有不同的形式，is，am，are，was，were，have/has been等要特別予以注意。例如：He is a teacher.（他是個教師。）2、表示“感覺”的詞，如look（看起來），feel（覺得，摸起來），smell（聞起來），sound（聽起來），taste（嘗起來）等，例如：She looked tired.（她看一去很疲勞。）Cotton feels soft.（棉花摸起來很軟。）The story sounds i

5、nteresting.（這個故事聽起來很有趣。）The flowers smell sweet.（這些花聞起來很香。）The mixture tasted horrible.（這藥水太難喝了。）3、表示“變”、“變成”的意思的詞，如become, get, grow, turn,都解釋為“變”、“變得”，例如：She became a college student.（她成了一名大學生。）The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.（春天來了，天氣變得暖和些了，白天也變得較長些了。）He grew old.

6、（他老了。）（三）助動詞 Auxiliary Verb這類詞本身無詞義，不能單獨作謂語，只能與主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示不同的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、表示句子的否定和疑問，例如：He does not speak English well.（他英語講得不好。）句中的does是助動詞，既表示一般現(xiàn)在時，又與not一起構(gòu)成否定形式。A dog is running after a cat.（一條狗正在追逐一只貓。）句中的is 是助動詞，和run的現(xiàn)在分詞一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時。（四）情態(tài)動詞 Modal Verb這類詞本身雖有意義，但不完整。它們表示說話人的能力、說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，如“可能”、“應當”

7、等。這類動詞有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它們不能單獨作謂語，必須與行為動詞（原形）一起作謂語，表示完整的意思，例如：I can dance.（我會跳舞。）can, 能, 會He cant walk because he is a baby.（因為他是個嬰兒，不會走路。）cant, 不必May I come in？（我可以進來嗎？）may, 可以（1）can, could和be able to 1、表示能力，例如：I can speak a little Japanese.Be able

8、to代替can, 也可以表示能力。但can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時(could), 而be able to則有更多的時態(tài)形式，例如：You will be able to talk with the foreign teacher in English next week.2、表示允許，準許，這時can與may可以互換，例如：Can/May I brother your bike tomorrow?3、表示客觀可能性，用在否定句和疑問句中表示說話人的懷疑、猜測或不肯定。例如：He cannot/cant be there.4、could除表示can的過去式外，在口語中還常

9、代替can，表示非常委婉的請求。這時could和can沒有時間上的差別。例如：Could/Can you show me the way to the nearest hospital?（2）may和might1、表示“準許”和“許可”，這時可與can替換。例如：May (can) I use your dictionary for a moment?（我可以借你的字典用一下嗎？）2、表示說話人的猜測，認為某事“可能”發(fā)生，例如：Wheres John? He may be at the library.（約翰在哪兒？他可能在圖書館。）以上例子中的may be是情態(tài)動詞may加be, 

10、;與maybe完全不同。后者是副詞，解釋為“或許”。例如：He may be at home.（他可能在家。）Maybe he was at home.（或許他在家。）3、might除表示may的過去式外，在口語中還常代替may, 表示非常委婉的請示或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較小。這時might和may沒有時間上的差異。例如：Might (May) I speak to you for a few minutes?（我現(xiàn)在可以與你談幾分鐘話嗎？）4、用于從句中表示目的，意為“以便能”、“使可以”，例如：Open your mouth wide, so that I may see clearly

11、 whats wrong with your teeth.（把嘴張大些，以便我能看清楚你的牙齒有什么毛病。）He wrote down my address so that he might remember it well.（他把我的住址寫了下來，以便能記牢。）5、在用may提問時，否定回答常用mustnt或may not表示“不行”、“不可以”。例如：May I go now? No, you mustnt. （我可以走了嗎？不，不可以。）（3）must1、must表示說話人的主觀意志，表示義務、命令或必要、應當和必須等?，F(xiàn)在式與過去式同形。例如：I must go to sch

12、ool today.（今天我必須上學去。）He told me I mustnt leave until my mother came.（他告訴我，在我母親回來之前我不許離開。）2、must表示推測，“一定是”、“準是”，例如：They must be very tired. Let them have a rest.（他們一定是非常疲勞了,讓他們休息一會兒吧。）Jack doesnt look well. He must be ill.（杰克看上去氣色不太好。他一定是病了。）難點解釋1、have to表示“必須”、“不得不”，它不僅能代替must, 用于現(xiàn)在時和過去時以外的其他時態(tài)

13、，表示說話人的主觀看法，而且又表示客觀上的需要。例如：If we miss the last bus, we shall have to walk home.（如果我們末班車，我們將不得不走回家。）2、在回答must的疑問句時，否定回答常用neednt表示“不必”，例如：Must I return this book to you in two weeks?（這本書我兩星期以后必須還你嗎？）Yes, you must.（是的。）No, you neednt.（不，不必了。）（4）need和dareneed（需要）和dare（敢于）既可作情態(tài)動詞，又可作行為動詞。1、need和dare作情態(tài)動詞

14、時，只用于否定句或疑問句。need無形態(tài)變化，dare的過去式是dared。 例如：Its warm today. You neednt put on your coat.（今天天氣很暖和，你不必穿上大衣。）She dare not go out alone at night.（她晚上不敢一個人出去。）2、need和dare作及物動詞時，后常跟動詞不定式。它們有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)等形態(tài)變化。在構(gòu)成否定和疑問形式時與其他及物動詞一樣，要用助動詞do, does或did等。例如：He didnt need to go to school today.（今天你不必上學。）They needed

15、 an excuse and soon found one.（他們需要借口，不久便找到了一個。）（5）ought to和shouldought to和should作情態(tài)動詞用，都是“應該”、“應當”的意思。ought to語氣較強，指客觀上有責任、有義務去做某事，或按觀念和道理也應對某事負責。Should指主觀上認為有責任和義務去做，但語意不如ought to強。例如：You ought to respect your teachers.（你們應該尊敬你們的老師。）We should be careful of others feelings.（我們應該尊重別人的感情。）（一）實義動詞： 1H

16、is grandmother _ _in 1985She has been for ten years Adied，died Bdead，dead Cdying,death Ddied，dead 2一How long you the bicycle? About two weeks Ahave，had Bhave，bought Cdid buy Dhave，get 3Because of 2008 Beijing Olympics，all of Chinese trying to make great contributions to _ _ our environment Aprotect

17、Bprotected Cprotects Dprotecting 4Thousands of people took our part in _ the undeveloped landAopening out Bopening up Copen up Dopen with 5一Your spoken English is much better 一Thank youMy teacher often asks us _ English Ato speak many Bnot to speak much Cto speak much Dnot to speak more 6Mr. Zhang o

18、ften teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food Acook Bcooks Ccooked Dto cook 7. The supermarket is far from Marys house. So she _ only once a week. A. goes shopping B. has been there C. has gone there 8. Here _ the bus! A. come B. comes C. coming 9. Mary is often at home on weekends and _ time wit

19、h her grandparents. A. spend B. takes C. spends 10. My father told me that the earth _ round when I was a child. A. is B. was C. be 11. When she was 22 years old, her dream to be a teacher _. A. come true B. will come true C. came true 12 -Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _? No, she got

20、 up too late. A. did she B. hadnt she C. didnt she 13. I _ to the park when I was a child. A. often go B. used to go C. am used to going 14. If I _ three heads and six hands, I would carry the huge rock by myself. A. have B. will have C. had 15. I was watching TV when a strange man _into my house. A

21、. was coming B. came C. is coming 16-When _ you _ her the good news? -As soon as she comes back. A. do, tell B. did, bring C. will, tell 17 .Mike always _ my books and doesnt return them. What should I do? A. keeps B. lends C. borrows 18.Oh, look! Its Jacks math book, isnt it? But he has a math test

22、 today? -Dont worry, mum. I will _ it to him. A. bring B. take C. borrow 19.I asked my brother to_ his room. Its real mess. A. put up B. stay up C. clean up 20.-My shoes are worn out. -_ A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?（二）連

23、系動詞：1. My brother _ a teacher. He _ his pupils very much. A. is, like B. is, likes C. are, likes D. are, like 2. A: How many days _ there in a week? B: There _ seven. A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is 3. I _ tired last night. A. became B. felt C. looked D. am 4. Her face _ pale（蒼白）when she

24、 heard the bad news. A. got B. is C. turned D. was 5. You _ pale. What's wrong with you? A. turn B. seem C. look D. become 6. The boy _ ill today. A. are B. is C. be D. am 7. Which _ bigger, the sun or the moon? A. are B. is C. be D. × 8. Neither she nor I _ a doctor. A. am not B. am C. are

25、 D. is 9. I _ a worker next year. A. am B. will be C. be D. will 10. Her voice _ like my mother's. A. sounds B. sound C. looks D. Look（三）助動詞： 1.If it is fine tomorrow, we _ a football match. A. have B. will have C. has D. shall has 2.When he was at school, he _ early and take a walk before break

26、fast. A. will rise B. shall rise C. should rise D. would rise 3.In the past 30 years China _ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction. A. has made B. have made C. had made D. having made 4.I _ go to bed until I _ finished my work. A. dont/had B. didnt/have C. didnt/had D

27、. dont/have 5.He _ live in the country than in the city. A. prefers B. likes to C. had better D. would rather 6.He said that he dropped his bag when he _ for the bus. A. was running B. was running C. were running D. is running 7.If they _, our plan will fall flat. A. are co-operating B. had not co-o

28、perated C. wont co-operate D. dont co-operate 8._ you give me a room for the night? I asked on arriving at the hotel. A. Should B. Can C. Might D. May 9.There are nine of them, so _ get into the car at the same time. A. they may not at all B. all they may not C. they cant all D. all they cant 10.We

29、didnt see him at the lecture yesterday. He _ it. A. mustnt attend B . can not have attended C. would have not attended D. neednt have attended（四）情態(tài)動詞: 1. I _ you, because I thought I must be wrong. A. dare not ask B. dare not to ask C. dare not asking D. dare to not ask 2. There _ some flowers in th

30、e garden. A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having 3. "_ I take it out?" "I'm sorry, you _." A. Could .couldn't B. Might.might not C. Could.can D. May.can't 4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You _ hurt yourself. A. may B. might C. will D

31、. might have 5. You _ those letters. Why didn't you ? A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post. 6. All the lights are on, the Smiths _ up. A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get 7. He _ lead a horse to the water but he _ not make it drink.A. wi

32、ll.can B. may.can C. may.dares D. dare.can 8. "Need we do this job now?" "Yes, _." A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can 9. _ to have lunch with us today? A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you likes D. Have you liked 10. He said that you _ watch TV all the evening if you wished. A. may B. must C. can D. might 11. -Is John coming by train? -He shoul