現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解及練習(xí)(已用)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一 基本結(jié)構(gòu) ：助動(dòng)詞 have/has+ 過去分 詞 （done）二 句型： 否定句：主 語 +have/has+not+ 過去分 詞+其他 .一般疑 問句： Have/Has+ 主語+過去分 詞+其他 .三用法（ 1） 現(xiàn)在完成 時(shí)表示 過去發(fā)生或已 經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影 響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money.（ 含義是 :現(xiàn)在我 沒 有錢花了 .）They have come here. （含義：他們現(xiàn)在在 這兒）（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一 時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與 for 和 since

2、連 用 for+時(shí)段 since+ 過去一個(gè)時(shí)間 點(diǎn)（譯為：自從以 來） since+ 時(shí) 段 +ago since+ 從句（ 過去時(shí)） It is+時(shí) 段+since+ 從句（ 過去時(shí)）Mary has been ill for 3 days. （since 3 days ago）I have been in the university since 2002.四 has gone （to）,has been （to）, has been （in） 的 區(qū)別Have/Has gone（to） : 去了 （ 現(xiàn)在不在 說話現(xiàn)場(chǎng) ）Where is your father ？ He has go

3、ne to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to） :去過 （已不在去 過的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in ：呆了多久（ 還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義是過去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義: 以 already, just 和 yet 為標(biāo) 志He has already got her help. 他已得到她 的幫助。

4、He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場(chǎng)電 影。以 ever 和 never 為標(biāo) 志This is the best film I have ever seen.這 是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部 電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he has been to the USA three times.他說他已經(jīng) 去過美國三次了。以 so far （到目前 為止）為標(biāo)志He has finished all of his work so far.到目前為 止他完成了所有的工作注意： 1）現(xiàn)

5、在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過去的時(shí)間狀語連用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 2） 不能與 when 連用六過去分詞1 、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。 (1)、一般動(dòng)詞，在 詞尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e 結(jié)”尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3) 、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 "y" 變?yōu)?"i" ，再加“ ed ”。study-s

6、tudied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4) 、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一 個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 ：· AAA 型burst hurt let cast cut hit put set shut spreadread 原形發(fā)音為/ri:d/ 過去式， 過去分 詞 發(fā)音 為/red/· AAB 型beat beat beaten· ABA 型become became become run ran runcome

7、 came come· ABB 型build built builtcatch caught caught feel felt felt· ABC 型begin began begun break broke broken choose chose chosen( buy,die,join,come ， go ,leave,join buyhaveborrow keepcome/arrive/reach/get tobe ingo out beoutleave beaway不能直接 與 for since 連 用。要改 變動(dòng)詞beginbe onfinish beovero

8、pen beopenclose be closeddiebe dead七 瞬 間動(dòng)詞變 延續(xù) 性動(dòng)詞專心-專注-專業(yè) 1.have 代替 buyMy brother has had this bike for almost four years. 2 、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept the book for quite a few days. 3 、用 be 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher? 4 、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a col

9、dsince the day beforeyesterday. 5 、用 wear 代替 put on 6 、用 be+ 代替 終止性 動(dòng)詞 ·用“be形容詞”代終止性 動(dòng)詞1、2、3、be married 代 marry be ill 代 fall (get) ill be dead 代 die6、be gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen 代 open8、 be closed 代 close/shut4、be asleep 代 fall (get) asleep5、be awake 代 wake/wake up9、be missing(gone,l

10、ost) 代 lose用“be副詞”代終止性 動(dòng)詞1“beon”代start,begin2“beup代get up3“ be back(to) ”代return to,come back to,go back to4“ be here (there) ”代come(arrive,reach,get)here 或 go (arrive,reach,get) there 等等·用“be介詞短語”代終止性 動(dòng)詞1. “ be in/at +地點(diǎn)”代替 go to /come to2. 用 be in the army 代替 join the army舉 例：常用瞬 間動(dòng)詞變 延續(xù) 性動(dòng)詞1

11、. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in/oant sw2. have come/gone back/returned have been back3. have com e/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have got up have been up ；6. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep ；7. have finished/ended/co

12、mpleted have been over ；8. have begun have been on9. have borrowed/bough t have kept/had10. have/has gone to have been in現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)（一）A) 選用 have, has 填空:1.I told him the news.2.She come back from school.B）按要求改寫下列各句:4. They have bought a computer.（ 改成否定句 ）5. He has lost his book.（先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答）C) 單

13、項(xiàng)選擇6. -Where have you , Kate?-I've to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone7. Her grandfather for two years.A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died8. It's six weeks I met you last.A. when B. since C. before D. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West H

14、ill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reached現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)(二)一、單項(xiàng)選擇 。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they what's happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li ？ . just

15、 . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer one new book in the past two years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、 Our country a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan already in this sch

16、ool for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see9、 These farmers have been to the United States .Really

17、 ? When there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone10 、 you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、His father the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has bee

18、n in12 、Do you know him well ? Sure .We friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made13 、How long have you here ? About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14 、Hurry up! The play for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began15、 It ten years since h

19、e left the army . is . has . will . Was二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, ? （ 反意疑問句）2、They have been here since 2000. （ 對(duì)劃線 部分提問） have they been here?3、The old man last year. He for a year. （die） （ 動(dòng)詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.（ 同義句 轉(zhuǎn)換） This factory for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour

20、 ago. （ 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ）Miss Gao an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years . （同義句） Her mother the Party three years .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ） two years the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （ 把 兩個(gè)句子合并成

21、一個(gè)句子）三、漢譯英。1、吉姆已做完作 業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。 Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.2、他昨天收到一封信。 He received a letter yesterday.3、我父親以前到過長城。 My father has been to the Great Wall before.4、她還沒有看過那部新 電影。She hasn't seen the new film yet.5、她去過上海。 She has been to Shanghai.6、他這些天上哪兒 去了？Where has h

22、e been these days ？參考答案：一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚?重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難 度較大，往往無 時(shí)間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上 兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下 文分析、推理，正確答案是。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與 already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before （以前）， yet（仍然）等連用。故 2 應(yīng)選 B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/ “l(fā)ast一

23、 +段 時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語連用。因 為上述短語表示的是 從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段 時(shí)間，句中的 動(dòng)作是從過去某一 時(shí)間 或時(shí)刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故 4 應(yīng)選 D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過去時(shí)）。故 6應(yīng)選C。7、C8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once （一次）， twice （兩次）， three times （三次）， several times （幾次）等表示重復(fù)次 數(shù)的詞語連用。故 8 應(yīng)選 B。9、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有 區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí) 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的 狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有 關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的