高中英語主謂一致用法全匯總

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高中英語主謂一致用法全匯總在英語中，謂語受主語支配，必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，即主謂一致。一般來說，主謂一致要遵循三個原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。語法一致原則：指在語法形式上取得一致，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。意義一致原則：指謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語的意義而不是形式所決定。當(dāng)主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義卻為單數(shù)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。就近一致原則：指謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須與鄰近的主語保持一致。比如：Either he or you are to blame for it.&#

2、160;不是他就是你必須為此事負(fù)責(zé)。 語法形式上的一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Jane and Mary look healthy and strong. The number of mistakes was surprising.解釋：主語是 the number ,謂語是 was對于數(shù)字而言，它是單數(shù)，所以用了was；反思：the number of通常跟 a number of 來對比，a number of 是大量的的意思；后面通常是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語也跟著用復(fù)數(shù)形式，比如 a nu

3、mber of people are rushing to the toilet. 意義上一致1.主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：The crowd were running for their lives.單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞有people，police，cattle，militia等。2.主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 例如： The news was very exciting.形復(fù)意單的單詞有news，works(工廠)和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如physics，politics，mathematics等。 

4、就近原則即謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or，eitheror，neither.nor，not onlybut also等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。例如： Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this  應(yīng)注意的幾個問題1.名詞作主語1)某些集體名詞(如family，team等)作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： The whole family are watching TV

5、.His family is going to have a long journey. 這類名詞有：audience，class，club，committee，company， crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，team，etc.名詞population一詞的使用情況跟上述類似。例如： The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. “a group(crow

6、d) of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”等短語之后的謂語動詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，前者強調(diào)整體，后者強調(diào)各個部分。2)某些集體名詞(如people，police，cattle，militia等)只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： The police are searching for him. 3)單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。例如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.4)名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況一般只指商店、工場、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數(shù)。例如：My Un

7、cle's is not far from here.The doctor's is on the side of the street.常見的省略名詞有：the baker's，the barber's，the carpenter's，the Zhang's，etc, 表示店鋪的名詞一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語時，謂語動詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： Richardson's have a lot of leather goods to sell.5)當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，往往可以根

8、據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如： Five minutes is enough to do this exercise.The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago. Three years has passed.6)不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多個并列主語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。例如： Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future.7)如果主語有mo

9、re than one.或many a構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。例如： Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. More than one student has seen the film.在“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one'結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： More members than one are against your plan.8)一些由兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具主語時；謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如scissors，chopsticks，comp

10、asses，shoes，trousers，clothes，glasses等。但如果主語由“a kind of ，a pair of，a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如： A pair of shoes was on the desk .9)this kind of book=a book of this kind(這種書)，其謂語用單數(shù)；短語this kind of men=men of this kind=these kinds of men(口語)(這一類人)，但this kind of men的謂語用單數(shù)，men of this kind和th

11、ese kinds of men的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Men of this kind are dangerous.This kind of men is dangerous.10)復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致的原則，作單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)；反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有means(方法)，works(工廠)，species(種類)，Chinese，Japanese等。例如：The (This) glass works was set up in l970. (這家玻璃廠建于1970年。) The(Th

12、ese)glass works are near the railway station.(這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。) 當(dāng)它們前面有a，such a，this，that修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)；有all，such，these，those修飾時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。但“means"，“no means"，“the means"等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時，可作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。 注：work作“工作”解時是不可數(shù)名詞，作“著作”解時是可數(shù)名詞，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。11)如果名詞詞組中心詞是all,most,half,rest,part等詞語，表示的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用

13、復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。例如：All of the water is gone. All of my classmates work hard.12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture2.由連接詞連接的名詞作主語13)用and或both.and連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Walking and riding are good exercises.Plastics and rubber never rot.但是，并列主語如果指的，是同一個人、同一事

14、物或同一概念，謂語動詞用：單數(shù)形式，這時，and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。例如： A knife and fork is on the table Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit The girl's teacher and friend is a young doctor Truth and honesty is the best policy。14)當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as，as much as，no less than, along with，with, l

15、ike，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如： The room with its furniture was rented.The teacher as well as the students was excited.15)以or，either.，neither.nor，not onlybut also等連接的名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。例如： Neither you nor I

16、 nor anybody else knows anything about it.Either you or he is to go.Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.3.代詞作主語16)名詞型物主代詞后的動詞，既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。例如： Ours(Our Party) is a great party our shoes are black，mine (=my shoes) are brown17)such，the same起指示代詞作用時，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。

17、例如： Such are his words.Such is our plan.18)關(guān)系代詞who，that，which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如： Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. Those who want to go please youre your names here. 19)疑問代詞who,what, which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達的意思決定單復(fù)數(shù)。例如：What produce(s)heat?&

18、#160;Which is (are) your book(s)? Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu20)不定代詞any，either，neither，none，all some，more等作主語時，有以下兩種情況： 單讀用作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： All are present,let's begin the meeting Now all has been changed 

19、either，neither單獨作主語時，謂語通常用單數(shù)。 后接of時，若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞，動詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式；若of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，動詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)；在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動詞更常用。例如： None of them has(have)seen the film.Do(es) any of you know his address?4.分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語 21)某數(shù)詞單純表示數(shù)字作主語時，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，但是當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示的不是數(shù)值而是數(shù)量時，謂語動詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： The billion is a l

20、arge number Twelve were boys. 英語中算術(shù)式作主語時，若是減法或除法算術(shù)式，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式；若是加法和乘法，謂語動詞有時也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Three times five is/are fifteen.Two and (plus) two is/are four. Twelve divided by four is three.Three taken from eight leaves five.在提問加、減、乘、除得數(shù)時，如用how much，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式；如用how many，謂語動詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

21、 How many are two times five? How much is eight divided by two?22)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成短語，以及由“some,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a(1arge)quantity of,the rest of,a heap of,heaps of+名詞”構(gòu)成短語時，其名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。作主語時，采取就近一致的原則，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因為短語中of后面的名詞是中心詞，而名詞前面的量詞是修飾語。例如： A quantity o

22、f blouses were on sale A large quantity of beer was sold Plenty of English books are on the shelf Lots of damage was caused by fire Three-fifths of the workers here are women About three-fourths of the earth's surface is covered with water 23) A(great)number of

23、,many,a few修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；a little,much,a great deal of,a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time. A great deal of trouble lies before us. A number of students have gone to the countryside to help. with

24、 the autumn harvest.24)(large)quantities of修飾可數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.25)The number+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，the amount of+不可數(shù)名詞，the quantity of+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，例如：The amount of money is great.The

25、 quantity of heat in the office has not been increased.The quantity of books in the library is amazing. The number of students in our school is increasing.26)表示數(shù)量的one and a half 后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： One and a half bananas is left on the table.27)half of，(a)part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語