定語(yǔ)從句 (2)

1、定 語(yǔ) 從 句定語(yǔ)從句也稱為形容詞性從句，它在句子中修飾名詞或代詞，起形容詞的作用。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè)作用： 起到連接主從句的作用 代替先行詞 在定語(yǔ)從句中作成分。定語(yǔ)從句分為兩類：限制性定語(yǔ)從句、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句是主句中的先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)通常把從句譯在先行詞之前。定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞一致。This is the doctor who saved the boys life.這就是挽救了這

2、個(gè)男孩生命的醫(yī)生。Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that作主語(yǔ)）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只對(duì)主句中先行詞作附加說(shuō)明，關(guān)系不密切，如果省去從句，主句所表達(dá)的概念依然明確、完整。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句要用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，不能用that連接。Lei Feng, who served the people heart and soul, set a good example to all of u

3、s.考點(diǎn)一 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, that, which,（見(jiàn)下表），還有關(guān)系副詞when, where, why.限制性定語(yǔ)從句所用的關(guān)系代詞指人指物是否可省略主格（主語(yǔ)）賓格（賓語(yǔ)）所有格（定語(yǔ)）（表語(yǔ)）This is a book which tells about space rocket technology.I live in the house whose windows face south.Tom is not the boy that he used to be.注意：指物時(shí)，“whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)?？梢杂谩皌he+名詞+of

4、which”或“of which +the +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換，并且意思相同。I live in the house whose windows face south.= I live in the house the windows of which face south.= I live in the house of which the windows face south.關(guān)系副詞where, when, why可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并且在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。這些副詞可以替換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。例如：The office where he works is on the second

5、floor.The office in which he works is on the second floor.他的辦公室就在三樓。The days when the Chinese people were oppressed are gone forever. 中國(guó)人民受壓迫的日子一去不復(fù)返The days in which the Chinese people were oppressed are gone forever了。I dont know the reason why he didnt come to school yesterday.I dont know the reas

6、on for which he didnt come to school yesterday.我不知道他昨天不來(lái)上學(xué)的原因。用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空： 1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house. 2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _I spent

7、 with your family. 5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together. 6. This is the school _I used to study. 7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week? 8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West

8、Lake? 10. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake? 11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China. 13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA. 考點(diǎn)二 只用that不用which的情況1） 被修飾的先行詞既是人又是物。例如：They talked about the factories and workers t

9、hat they had visited.他們談?wù)撝麄儏⒂^過(guò)的工廠和訪問(wèn)過(guò)的人。2）被修飾的先行詞是any, few, none, all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí)。例如：I am interested in all that you have told me.我對(duì)你告訴我的一切都感興趣。There isnt much that I can do.He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes.3) 先行詞前面有形容詞最

10、高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。例如：This is the best book that I have ever read.這是我讀過(guò)的最好的一本書(shū)。This book is the best that I have read.4）先行詞前有the only, the very, the last 及序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。例如：The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers help.我們唯一能做的事是請(qǐng)老師幫助我們。Is this the very museum that you visited the other day?The first

11、English film that I saw was “Oliver Twist”.我看的第一部英文電影是“霧都孤兒”。When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall.當(dāng)外國(guó)人談起中國(guó)時(shí)，首先想到的是長(zhǎng)城。5) 當(dāng)先行詞被the same修飾，且指“同一物品”時(shí)。如：She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.6）關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：This is no longer the place that it

12、 used to be.He is not the man that he was.7）當(dāng)主句是以who, which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句或先行詞是who時(shí)。如：Which is the book that he bought yesterday?Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game?考點(diǎn)三 定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)不宜用that而宜用who的情況。1） 先行詞為one, ones或anyone時(shí)。例如：Anyone who wants to go to college must study hard.誰(shuí)要想上大學(xué)，必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。

13、2） 先行詞為those時(shí)。例如：Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.考點(diǎn)四 用as作關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句1 as作關(guān)系代詞既可以指人也可以指物，引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：such.as（像之類的），the same.as（和同樣的），so as. , as as,句型。例如：This is not such a computer as I need.這不是我所需要的計(jì)算機(jī)。I live in the same city as

14、 she (lives in).我和她住在同一個(gè)城市里。He can lift so heavy a stone as no one else can.(他能搬動(dòng)別人搬不動(dòng)的那塊石頭)You can take as many books as you need.(你需要多少書(shū)就拿多少書(shū))2 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。單個(gè)關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常用來(lái)說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句，作“正如”、“像那樣”解釋。例如：As anyone can see, the educated youth are very happy.任何人都可以看出來(lái)，知識(shí)青年們很快樂(lè)。As was usual with her,

15、 she went out for a walk after she got up.她像通常一樣，起床后出去散步了。as/which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：位置不同_指代不同_語(yǔ)意不同_She was quite right, as Harry soon discovered.As is known to us all, China is a developing country.He bought his sister a big toy, which delighted her greatly.He bought a new car,which cost him a lot of m

16、oney.考點(diǎn)五 介詞與關(guān)系代詞1 與關(guān)系代詞搭配的介詞的確定_1.I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money .2.I will never forget the day on which I joined the army.3.The colorless gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.注意：英語(yǔ)中有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一名詞，不定式前也可加上關(guān)系詞。Here is the money with which to buy a piano.(=Here is

17、 the money with which we can buy a piano)She is the right person on whom to depend.(=She is the right person whom we can depend on.)練習(xí)：1.Franks dream was to have his own shop_ to produce the workings of his own hands.A. that B. in which C. by which D. how2.The professor can hardly find sufficient gr

18、ounds_ his argument in favor of the new theory.A. which to base on B. on which to base C. to base on which D. which to be based on2.關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞的位置_The athlete to whom you talked is a famous lone-distance runner.The person whom you just talked to is Mr Li.Is this the watch which he is looking for?

19、The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.The city that she lives in is very fare away.3.“名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的形式有：名詞/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/ a little/the+比較級(jí)/the+最高級(jí)+ of + which/whom.如：There are a lot of books here, none of which belongs to me. Yest

20、erday Mary bought a few clothes, all of which were expensive.考點(diǎn)六 定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致1._The recorder that has been given to me is working.I,whom _ your classmate, will share the work with you.2._He is one of the students who_(have/has) made great progress.Mr. Wang is the only one of my friends who _(have/has)

21、been invited to have dinner with us.考點(diǎn)七 定語(yǔ)從句的插入語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.You should give a ring to Tom first, who Im afraid will not come.練習(xí)：This is Mr White,_I think has something interesting to tell you.A.which B. whom C. that D. whoHelen is much more kind

22、to her youngest child than to the others,_, of course, makes the others unhappy.A. who B. which C. she D. that考點(diǎn)八 定語(yǔ)從句的倒裝現(xiàn)象_ 如：They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.We got to a farmhouse, where lived an old farmer and his son.考點(diǎn)

23、九 分隔定語(yǔ)從句_The days are gone when we suffered so much.The boss of the company, whose name is Mr. Little, told the story.考點(diǎn)十 “地點(diǎn)模糊”的先行詞，后跟where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句_He has reached the point where a change is needed.Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?練習(xí)After graduation she reached a point in his

24、 career_ she needed to decided what to do.A. that B. what C. which D. where考點(diǎn)十一 定語(yǔ)從句的一種特殊考察方式_The role that he _ in the activity was pretty important.A. took B. played C. made D. actedYou cant imagine the difficulty I had_ the way to the station.A. to find B. in finding C. with finding D. found練習(xí)：In

25、 western society, the part_ church plays in peoples life is very important.A. where B. that C. when D. howThe advantage human being have to _ the sun is worth discussing.A. do with B. play with C. take of D. have on-Can you still remember that old woman? -Sure, well never forget the good care she_us

26、.A. made of B. took of C. gave to D. offered to語(yǔ)法專題(定語(yǔ)從句)1The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds.A the hands of whom B whom the hands of C which the hands of D the hands of which2 Such a book _ you showed me is difficult to understand.A that B which C the one D as3 I have nev

27、er heard so strange a story _ he told us.A that B which C / D as4 He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University.A after which B after that C in which D in that5 He is late, _ is often the case . A it B what C as D which6 There is no one in our class _ wants to help you

28、. A but B when C where D why7 He owns a little shop which sells a lot of goods _ are necessary to the people _ are living nearby.A which, who B that,/ C which,/ D that, who8 - Do you have anything in mind _ youd like to have for dinner? - Well, anything is OK for me. A that B which C what D where9 W

29、ho _ has common sense will believe such nonsense? A that B who C which D but10 Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kidsA who B which C why D when11 Youll have to wait for one more week, _ the manager will be back from his trip.A before B when C as D until12 I shall neve

30、r forget those years_ I lived in the country,_ has a great effect on my life.A that, which B when, which C which, that D when, who13 I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A how B which C where D that14 - I cant find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?- It w

31、as in his office _ he worked. A where B which C that D the one15 Now children like to go to the fast food restaurant, _ as the name says, eating doesnt take much time. A which B that C what D where16 The reason _ she gives for not coming to the party is that her mother wont let her.A what B why C as

32、 D which17 This is the reason _ he is leaving now. A as B which C why D what18 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A in which B by which C which D that19 There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _

33、five are mine.A on which B in which C of which D from which20 The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds _ his argument in favor of the new theory.A which to base on B on which to base C to base on which D which to be based on21 By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top

34、 of Mount Qomolangma,_ appeared a rare rainbow soon. A of which B on which C from which D above which23 This is the small house less than 15 square meters, under _ roof lives a large family of three generations. A which B that C its D whose24 Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I

35、ended up staying at Rachels place.A when B where C what D which25 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30p.m., _ many people have gone home.A whose time B on which C that D by which time26 He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A is B are C have been D has been27 This is Mr. White, _ I think has something interesting to tell