損壞檢驗常用英語

1、參 考 資 料損壞檢驗中的一些常用英語上海雙希海事發(fā)展有限公司二 O O O 年THE WORDS & SENTENCESUSED INFOUND & RECOMMENDATION (SUPPLEMENT). FOUNDFOUND后面一般接動詞過去分詞，也可以接形容詞或名詞。found aged發(fā)現(xiàn)老化a little bit inclined有些傾斜abnormal不正常bent彎曲burnt燒壞beyond repair已無法修理black out (n.)(燈光)熄滅blocked堵塞broden破裂breakdown (n.)(主機)停車carbonized炭化coked結焦charr

2、ed結炭chapped裂開choked堵塞clogged(常指管子的堵塞)堵塞collapsed塌陷corroded腐蝕cracked裂開damaged損壞deformed變形destroyed毀壞dirty骯臟dented凹陷dropped脫落excessive wear過度磨損earthen接地fallen out脫落fractured破裂frosted結霜grooved劃成溝greasy油污hardened硬化inclined傾斜inaccurate不準ineffective失效jammed卡住knocking敲擊leaky, leaking泄露loose松,不緊melted熔化misa

3、ligned不對中misfire點不著火noisy噪聲overheated過熱out of function失去作用out of order不正常out of operation動作不靈oval 呈橢圓形pit 麻點ridged凸起scored劃傷seized咬住scuffed拉痕squeezed擠壓short circuited短路scaled積垢sticking咬住surging(增壓器)喘振twisted扭曲vibration震動worn磨損wiped磨掉. RECOMMENDED表達方式:To be + (修理動作的動詞過去分詞)To be assembled組裝disassemble

4、d拆卸closed, sealed蓋合,封閉connected連接covered蓋上dismounted拆開disengaged (見engaged)脫開disconnected拆開drawn out拉出engaged(齒輪等)嚙合fixed固定installed安裝lifted out提出To be loosened, untightened松開opened up打開pulled out拉出packed組合,集合removed移開replaced更換returned, sent, transported送回rolled out, turned out轉出shifted移動take取,拿tig

5、htened上緊unbolted, unscrewed卸螺栓、螺絲withdrawn退出、抽出(尾軸)清潔 (cleaning) 動作To be blown吹清cleaned 清潔chemically cleaned化學清洗coated, painted涂,包,覆蓋drained把(沉淀物)放掉filled充注flushed沖洗repainted重新上涂料washed洗檢測 (checking, measuring) 動作To be adjusted校正Aligned對中,找平Checked檢查,校對detected for (leakage)查(漏)examined仔細檢查inspected

6、檢查measured測量To be overhauled大檢修rectified校正regulated調整reset重新設定修理 (Repairing) 動作To be cropped切割、剪切dipped, immersed浸,泡dried, baked烘,烤drilled鉆孔euipped裝備filed銼finished表面光潔fitted裝設forged鍛造ground研磨lathed車床加工machined(用機床)加工To be made制造metalled敷上金屬moulded模制patched復補planed刨平polished磨光,擦光remetalled重新敷上金屬remed

7、ied修補renewed換新rewound重新繞scraped括slotted開槽soldered焊tapped攻螺紋tapered使成圓錐tempered回火,軟火welded焊接THE DESCRIPTION OF DAMAGEI. General descriptions1.To be in good condition情況良好2.To be in fair condition情況尚可3.To be in poor condition 情況欠佳4.To be in bad condition情況不良5.To be in neglected condition缺乏保養(yǎng)6.To be not

8、 properly serviced未經正常保養(yǎng)7.To be not properly cleaned未經正常清潔8.To be not properly protected未經正常保護9.To be not properly insulated未經正常隔熱(或絕緣)10.To be not properly adjusted未經正常校正11.To be defective有缺陷的12.To be damaged損壞13.To be damaged beyond repair損壞后無法修理14.To be free of repair To be exempted from repair免于

9、修理15.To be faired (in failure)失效16.To be without effect To be in vainTo be proved no avail無效17.To be out of order (in trouble)故障18.To be out of action停止工作(不是指故障)19.To be in disorder零亂20.To be inoperativeTo be unworkable不能工作21.In case of out of operation在不工作情況下22.To be out of function不能工作，失去作用23.To b

10、e unserviceable (useless)不能使用(指必須換新)24.To be failed to start (could not be started)不能啟動25.To be fitted incorrectly按裝不正確(指小型的設備)26.To be installed incorrectly按裝不正確(指大型的設備)27.To be accumulated of dangerous inflammable vapors積聚危險可燃氣體28.It was obvious that this state had existed of a considerable time(損

11、壞)狀況是長期存在的29.To be under full loading condition在滿載情況下30.To be under light loading condition 在輕載情況下31.To be under partial loading condition (Not more than 85% of full load)在減載情況下(減載15)32.To be in non-homogeneous condition在不均勻裝載情況下II. Deficiencies1.To be not fittedTo be not provided未裝2.To be not avail

12、able未備有3.To be missing遺失4.To be incomplete不齊全5.To be deficient不足，缺少6.To be insufficient不足7.To be neglected遺漏8.To be omitted遺漏，省去9.To be removed稱開，拆走10.To be washed overboard沖走11.To be dropped跌落12.To be fitted with wrong .錯用(尺寸，材料，儀器)III. Tightness, Stains & Loss, etc.1.Leaking漏2.Infiltrating (seepin

13、g)滲漏3.Weeping淚滴4.Sweating汗滴5.Not watertight不水密6.Loss of watertightness失去水密性7.Loss of airtightness失去氣密性8.Loss of oiltightness失去油密性9.Escaping of cool 逃冷10.Loss of lub. oil pressure滑油壓力降低11.Loss of water pressure水壓力降低12.Oil polluted油污13.Oil soaked油浸14.Water soaked水浸15.Water stained水漬16.Oil stained油漬17.

14、Rust in patches銹斑18.Verdigris in patches鋼綠斑19.Water marks水漬IV. Dent, crack, score, break, etc.1.To be scuffed拉毛(活塞裙部,僅從反光上可觀察到)2.To be chafed擦痕3.To be scored拉痕(較chafe深)4.To be scratched抓痕(硬拉過的痕)5.To be scraped刮痕(長期運行刮的痕)6.To be seized and scuffed咬毛(偏心輪)7.To be grooved槽痕（比pitting深）8.To be scared結疤Old

15、 scar老疤Fresh scar新疤9.To be scaled結垢10.To be ridged起線，臺肩（凸起雷治痕）11.To be cracked 裂縫Hair crack發(fā)裂Surface crack 表面裂縫Through crack穿透裂縫Non-through crack未穿透裂縫Oblique crack radiated above the horizontal向上放射的裂縫12.To be slitted長裂13.To be rumped摺痕14.To be notched缺口15.To be chapped龜裂16.To be fractured折裂17.To be

16、broken破裂、破碎To be broken off破掉（破裂后跌落）18.To be holed洞穿19.To be holed & flooded洞穿浸水20.To be opened開口21.To be bent彎曲22.To be canted傾斜23.To be buckled皺折(指隔堵)To be buckled between frames瘦馬型彎曲24.To be warped翔起25.To be indented (dented)凹陷(指船殼板在兩肋位間的凹陷)26.To be set in凹陷(指船殼板較大面積的凹陷)27.To be waved波曲(船底受波浪或裝載引

17、起)28.To be curled卷曲(指繩索)29.To be bulged凸出，鼓起30.To be collapsed傾陷，傾倒31.To be ruptured毀損32.To be torn off 撕破33.Wear & tear自然耗損34.To be pierced刺破35.To be peeled剝落(指油漆)To be blistered起泡(指油漆)To be porous多孔(指油漆)36.To be burst爆破(指高壓管路)37.To be blown off吹脫38.To be distorted扭曲、歪扭39.To be smashed擊碎40.To be la

18、minated分層41.Engine break-down因故障機器突然停車42.Latent defect潛在缺陷43.To be punctured電擊穿V. Corrosion, seizing, choking, etc.1.To be corroded腐蝕2.To be wasted耗蝕3.To be deteriorated蝕薄4.To be thinned變薄5.To be pitted麻點6.To be eroded侵蝕7.To be rusted生銹8.To be rotted腐爛(指木,橡皮)9.To be decayed腐爛(指電纜等)10.To be perished腐

19、爛(指橡膠,電纜等)11.To be aged老化12.To be seized咬住To be seized by rust銹死13.To be stuck咬住(粘)14.To be rust-jammed銹軋15.To be fouled纏繞(無規(guī)則的卷)To be winded纏繞(有規(guī)則的卷)16.To be clogged堵塞(指管子)17.To be blocked阻塞18.To be gagged閉塞(指閥)19.To be blanked封沒20.To be plugged悶塞21.To be choked卡住、阻塞VI. Wear, loose, clearance, etc.

20、1.To be detached脫開，分開2.To be loosened松動3.To be slacked疏松4.To be worn磨損To be worn out evenly均勻磨損To be worn out unevenly不均勻磨損To be worn on one side單邊磨損To be worn out symmetrically對稱磨損5.To be sprung扭歪(鉚釘)6.Clearance to be exceeded間隙過大Backlash to be exceeded齒隙過大Vibration to be exceeded振動過大Noise level to

21、 be exceeded噪音過大7.To loose engagement嚙合太松8.To loose connection接頭松動9.Tooth:齒To be worn out 齒磨損To be chopped off 齒崩缺To be fractured齒折斷10.Knocking:敲擊Knocking cylinder敲缸Knocking valve gear伐件敲擊Knocking bearing軸承敲擊11.Bearing metal :軸承合金To be detached軸承脫殼To be cracked軸承開裂To be wiped軸承鋪鉛To be melted軸承熔化12.T

22、o be out of roundness失圓13.To be out of alignment中心線不直14.To be off centering偏心15.To be deflected偏鈄16.To be twisted扭曲、扭轉VII. Burning, heating, etc.1.Sparking火花2.Arcking(arcing)電弧3.Commutator:整流器To be scored拉痕To be burnt燒壞To be worn磨耗To be uneven不平To be sparked火花To be blackened發(fā)黑To be roughed粗糙4.To be

23、scorched烤焦5.To be charred結炭6.To be overheated過熱7.To be broken down擊穿8.To be short-circuited短路9.Setting incorrect整定值不正確10.Tripping incorrect脫扣不正常11.Brush set incorreectly炭刷安裝不正確11.Battery : 電池To be completely discharged完全放光(電)To be undercharged未充滿To be overcharged充電過量THE USE OF VERBSINRECOMMENDATIONS

24、 & REQUIREMENTSI. Remove, crop, etc.1.To be removed拆下2.To be removed & replaced拆裝3.To be removed, faired & replaced拆裝拷平4.To be cropped & renewed割換(管子,板,欄桿)5.To be partly renewed部份換新6.To be partly cropped & renewed部份割換7.To be cut off割除8.To be faired拷平9.To be heated & faired in place就地紅火校正10.To be str

25、aightened拷直，校直11.To be dismantled拆卸(某一部件)12.To be disassembled拆散(解體)13.To be withdrawn取下、抽出（尾軸）14.To be stripped拆除(某一部件)15.To be unshipped拆下16.To be disconnected斷開(線,管接頭)17.To be lifted抬升,舉起18.To be jacked頂起,(用千斤頂頂起)19.To be replaced by (with)換用20.To be patched復補II. Fit, scrape, grind, etc.1.To be f

26、itted & scraped拂刮2.To be fitted & ground拂磨3.To be scraped & ground刮磨4.To be made to fit拂合(裝配好)5.To be filed銼平6.To be gouged鏟平(裂縫)7.To be chipped鏟平8.To be run to fit嚙合(運動磨合)9.To be ground round磨圓10.To be ground smooth磨光11.To be bored round鏜圓12.To be planed smooth刨光13.To be polished拋光14.To be machined

27、光車15.To be skimmed光一刀(表面)16.To be finished machined精加工17.To be rough machined粗加工III. Re-metal, adjust, check, etc.1.To be remetalled重澆白合金2.To be re-babbitted 重澆白合金(專指巴氏合金)3.To be pulled out 拉出4.To be drawn out 抽出5.To be taken off取出6.To be set調整7.To be adjusted校正，調整To be adjusted of alignment 校正中心線To

28、 be adjusted true校正中心線To be adjusted for clearance校正間隙To be adjusted for centering校中To be adjusted for deflection 調整甩檔8.To be checked檢查To be checked for roundness檢查圓度To be checked for insulation resistance檢查絕緣電阻To be checked for alignment檢查中心線To be checked for clearance檢查間隙9.To be desiccated除垢10.To

29、be wire-scrubbed用鋼絲刷(除銹)11.To be chipped & scraped拷鏟(油漆12.To be logged (hourly)記錄（小時）IV. Weld rived, wind, etc.1.To be repaired by welding電焊修理2.To be repaired by metalock波浪鍵修理3.To be welded焊補,焊接4.To be gas welded氣焊5.To be flaming welded火焊6.To be plug welded塞焊7.To be butt welded對接焊8.To be lap welded搭

30、接焊9.To be fillet welded填角焊10.To be tack welded定位焊11.To be spot welded點焊12.To be built by welds堆焊13.To be welded on焊上14.To be chiselled out & rewelded鏟去重焊15.To be bevelled坡口16.To be gouged out 坡槽17.To be riveted鉚接18.To be rewound重繞19.To be re-varnished重浸絕緣漆20.To be brazed銅焊V. Heating1.To be heated 紅火

31、，加熱2.To be preheated預熱3.To be heat-treated熱處理4.To be annealed退火5.To be normalised正火6.To be tempered回火7.To be quenched淬火8.To be surface hardened表面淬硬THE USE OF VERBS IN TESTS1.To be hydraulically tested液壓試驗(對管子部分的水壓試驗)2.To be tested by water head壓頭試驗3 To be tested by water pressure水壓試驗(對艙室及機械部分)4.To b

32、e tested by air pressure氣壓試驗5.To be tested for tightness密性試驗6.To be tested for leakage試漏7.To be hose tested沖水試驗8.To be flood tested灌水試驗9.To be tested by soapy water肥皂水試驗10.To be kerosene tested煤油試驗11.To be tested for penetration滲透試驗12.To be subjected to ultrasonic detection超聲波試驗13.To be subjected to

33、 radiographic examinationX光照相14.To be subjected to magnetic powder detection磁粉探傷15.To be subjected to metallographic structure examination金相組織檢查16.To be subjected to inflammable gas detection測爆17.To be high voltage tested高壓試驗(電)18.To be break-load tested破斷試驗19.To be proof-load tested負荷試驗20.To be sta

34、tic-load tested靜負荷試驗21.To be load-transferring tested轉移負荷試驗22.To be dynamic-load tested動負荷試驗23.To be full working load tested全工作負荷試驗24.To be blue oil tested試蘭油(軸瓦,平面)25.To be drill tested鉆孔試驗26.To be subjected to cooling down test打冷試驗27.To be subjected to refrigeration test制冷試驗28.To be subjected to

35、blowing through test吹通試驗29.To be subjected to dock trial碼頭試驗30.To be subjected to sea trial航行試驗31.To be subjected to mooring trial 系泊試驗32.To be drop tested (percussive tested)投落試驗33.To be hammer tested (acoustic tested)敲擊試驗34.To be impact tested沖擊試驗35.To be bend tested彎曲試驗36.To be cold bend tested冷彎

36、試驗37.To be strain-aging tested形變時效試驗38.To be tensile tested拉伸試驗39.To be hardness tested硬度試驗40.To be flattening tested打平試驗41.To be expand tested擴口試驗42.To be dump tested墩粗試驗43.To be sulphur print tested硫印試驗44.To be subjected to chemical analysis化學分析45.To be subjected to mechanical test機械性能試驗46.Elongat

37、ion伸長率47.Yield point屈服點48.Reduction of cross-sectional area斷面收縮率SURVEY DATA LISTName of Ship :Flag:Port of registry:Gross Tonnage:Class:Last drydocking:At the request of :On behalf of :First date of survey :Surveyed at :Afloat and / or in drydock.Present at surveys (Name & Status):Alleged casualty(s

38、) and date(s):Log books / extracts examined form / to:Vessel in loaded / ballast condition. On voyage from. to .Permanent repairs (part) effected / deferred. Temporary repairs (part) effected.Whether drydock necessary:Details of and other damage / Owners repairs effected concurrently:Owners repairs

39、necessary for seaworthiness?If so, estimate time required: Afloat In drydockDate of docking : Date of undocking:Date of commencement of repairs:Date of completion of repairs:Date of vessel leaving port:Agreed cost of repairs-each damage:Cost of drydocking:Overtime worked number of daysCost of genera

40、l services:Saved: Afloat, In drydockExcess cost of overtime:Values of credits:Estimate cost : (Formal reports should not contain cost estimates).Is damage consistent with cause alleged?In addition to the above, the following data should be noted in cases of :I. COLLISION DAMAGEName of vessels :Time

41、and Places of casualty:Course of vessels :Speeds of vessels :Draughts of vessels :Angle of blow (shown in sketch) :Avoiding action taken :Weather and visibility reported at time of collision:Efforts to extricate collided vessels:Photographs:Condition of :WhistleNavigation lightsSteering gear Bridge/

42、engine room telegraphSeparation of collision damage and extrication damage:II. HEAVY WEATHERWind force and direction :Loaded / ballast condition :Voyage form to Dates covering heavy weather:III. GROUNDING / STRANDINGEvents leading to casualty :Place of grounding:Date and time of casualty :Draft of v

43、essel : F ASounding taken around vessel :at position of grounding :Weather and visibility reported at time of grounding :Efforts to refloat :Time of refloating :How refloated : e.g. Using main engines, using anchors and cables, assisted by tugboats, etc.Separation of grounding / stranding damage and

44、 efforts to refloat :IV. FIRECause and time of fire:How extinguished and when :Efforts to extinguish :Separation of fire damage and fire extinguishing damage :SPECIMEN PRELIMINARY ADVICE FORMATVessel :Instructions :Surveyed whilst lying atin company with owners RepresentativeBrokers (if known) For e

45、xample :Date and nature of casualty :Fill in Owners Allegation. IN RESPECT OF:(1) GROUNDING AT PANAMA CANAL ON MARCH 12, 1995.(2) DAMAGE ALLEGED SUSTAINED ON APRIL13-15,1995 IN CONSEQUENCE OF HEAVY WEATHER ON PASSAGE FROM HONOLULU TO SHANGHAI.Extent of damage :FOUND :(1)(A)PORT BILGE TURN AND FLAT B

46、OTTOM VARIOUS PAINT SCRAPED TO BARE METAL FORWARD TO AFT.Provide details of damage(B)SHELL PLATES SA-14 AND SB-14 SET IN BETWEEN FRMS 77-80.(2)PORT SIDE FORECASTLE BULWARK HEAVILY SET IN WITH 14 BULWARK STAYS, GUARDRAIL FRACTURED, FORECASTLE DECK LOCALLY SET DOWN ABOUT 2.5X0.8m IN AREA AND ONE ROLLE

47、R FAIRLEAD DESTROYED.Nature of repairs:(1) (A) AFFECTED PORT PLATING TO BE REPAINTED AS ORIGINAL.(B) STD SHELL PLATES SA-14 AND SB-14 TO BE CROPPED AND RENEWED 12X3.5mX21mm IN SIZE.(2)BUCKLED STEELWORK TO BE CROPPED AND RENEWED. ROLLER FAIRLEAD TO BE RENEWED.Estimated Costs :(1)(A) AND (B) PERMANENT

48、 REPAIRS AT THIS STAGE ESTIMATE COST TO BE IN THE REGION OF USD X,XXX- INCLUDING DRYDOCK AND GENERAL EXPENSES USD XXX- BUT EXCLUDING ANY COSTS OF GAS FREEING AND TANK CLEANING.(2)FOR GUIDANCE ONLY ROUGH ESTIMATED COST OF PERMANENT REPAIR TO BE IN THE SUM OF USD X,XXX-Status of repairs :State permane

49、nt, temporary or as applicable.PERMANENT REPAIRS TO (1)(A)AND (2)IN HAND.PERMANENT REPAIR TO (1)(B)DEFERRED.Remarks :(1)(A) AND (B) DOCKING REQUIRED.(2)DOCKING NOT REQUIRED.(Note: Generally restrict to one page if possible)OWNER INTENTION TO DEFER PERMANENT REPAIRS OF (1) (B)DUE TO CARGO ON BOARD AN

50、D No. 2 FUEL OIL TANK NECESSARY TO CLEAN AND GAS FREE FOR HOT WORK AND DAMAGED PLATING, INTERNALS TO CROP AND RENEW. BUT CLASS SURVEYOR CONSEQUENTLY REQUESTED NOT LATER THEN JAN. 1996 WHEN DRYDOCK SURVEY BECOMES DUE.GENERAL NOTES1.Necessary drydocking to effect repairs.2.No necessary drydocking to effect repairs.3.Necessary transportation of men and material for repairs.4.Necessary transportation of rudder, propeller and propeller shaft to and from shoreside repair shop.5.Necessary staging to be erected and dismantled on completion of repair.6.Necessary gas free certificate to be prov