初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式精講精練-潘老師

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞按照動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，英語句子中的動(dòng)詞有兩種形式：謂語動(dòng)詞形式：也稱為謂語動(dòng)詞，在句子中做謂語的動(dòng)詞形式（動(dòng)詞的限定形式），與主語在人稱和數(shù)上要保持一致。非謂語動(dòng)詞形式：也稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞，在在句子中不作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式，非謂語動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。非謂語動(dòng)詞有3種：不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞） 動(dòng)詞不定式一. 概念： 是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語。二. 構(gòu)成： “to+動(dòng)詞原形” （to為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號，本身無意義）三. 否定式： 不定式符號前直接加“not”四. 用法特點(diǎn)：1. 具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，因此，后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀

2、語，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不 定式短語。 2. 具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語 補(bǔ)足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等。五. 句法作用（不定式在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑﹦?dòng)詞不定式可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等。（一句話， “神通廣大”，除謂語以外的所有句子成分）1. 作主語 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語，而真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式 后置。 常用句型: It + be + 名詞 + to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. 這是照顧老人是我們的責(zé)任。 It take

3、s sb + some time + to do sth It took me 2 hours to finish the work? It + be + adj + for（of）sb + to do It is difficult for us to finish so much homework. Its important for us to protect our environment 保護(hù)環(huán)境對于我們很重要的。 Its very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好啦。 Its very clever of you to do like that. 你

4、那樣做真是太聰明啦！ 注： 如要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者（邏輯上的主語），可在不定式前加for引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者；但如 果表語是 nice, kind, clever等描述動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞時(shí)，則應(yīng)在不定式加 of引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。 如何判斷用for還是用of ？ 當(dāng)后面的邏輯主語與前面的形容詞中間加個(gè)Be動(dòng)詞，能構(gòu)成符合句子意義的句子，便用 of, 反之用for。例如you are clever 符合句子意思，用of It seems (appears) + adj + to do sth It seems impossible to get to school in such a rai

5、ny day.2. 作賓語 a. 一些動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語，這類詞通常表示命令、打算或希望 如：want，hope，decide，agree,choose,wouldlike，plan，fail choose，wouldlike， plan，fail, expect等。 Would you like to see a film this evening? I want to go fishing tomorrow.b. Find，think后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it作為形式賓語替代不定式，而將真正的賓語放在句末，使句子緊湊優(yōu)美。 I find it difficult to read E

6、nglish every day. c. Like, love, begin, start等動(dòng)詞后既可以接動(dòng)詞不定式也可以接動(dòng)名詞形式，意義上差別不大。d. Stop, forget, remember, try等動(dòng)詞后面既可以接動(dòng)詞不定式也可以接動(dòng)名詞形式，但意義不同Stoptodosth 停下來去做某事 （作目的狀語）Stopdoingsth 停止做某事。 （作賓語）Forgettodosth 忘記要去做某事 （事情沒有做）Forgetdoingsth 忘記做了某事 （事情已經(jīng)做了）Remembertodosth 記住要去做某事 （事情沒有做）Rememberdoingsth表示記住做過某

7、事 （事情已經(jīng)做了）Trytodosth. 盡力做某事Trydoingsth. 試著做某事Go on to do sth 繼續(xù)做某事 （做另一件事）Go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事 （做同一件事）例句：Imtired. Lets stoptohavearest. 我累了，讓我們停下來休息一下吧。Itistimeforclass. Stoptalking上課了，別說話了。 Dontforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom離開房間時(shí)，別忘了關(guān)上燈。 Iforgottellingyouthatbefore. 我忘了以前已經(jīng)告訴過你這件事了 Wem

8、ustremembertoturnofftheTV. 我們一定要記住關(guān)上電視。 Irememberedsendingyousomestamps 我記得給你寄了郵票了。3. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，進(jìn)一步說明賓語發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，它與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 Lucy asked him to close the window. 關(guān)窗動(dòng)作是him 發(fā)出的，him 與 close之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 a. 帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) 可以用帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞常用的有ask，tell，order，invite，beg， get，allow， wish，want，encourage，advi

9、se， warn等。例如： The teacher asked us to finish our homework老師叫我們完成家庭作業(yè)。 She wanted him to sing for her friends她想讓他為她的朋友唱歌。 The policeman told the boys not to play in the street警察告訴孩子們別在街上玩耍。b. 不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式在使役動(dòng)詞（make，let， have）或感官動(dòng)詞（feel，listen to，hear， look at， see，watch，notice）之后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不定式需省去to。為了便

10、于記憶，我們可以這樣記“一 感”（feel）、“二聽”（listen， hear）、“三讓”（let，make，have）、“四看”（look at，see， watch，notice）。例如： I felt someone open my door我感覺有人開了我的門。 Please listen to me sing the song again請聽我把這首歌再唱一遍。 You cant let the boy stand in the sun你不能讓那孩子站在太陽底下。 You must watch me carefully do everything你必須仔細(xì)觀察我所做的一切。 注意1

11、：感官動(dòng)詞后既可跟省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，也可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。其區(qū)別是：前者強(qiáng) 調(diào) 動(dòng)作的全過程或經(jīng)常性；后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行（片斷）。試比較： I heard her sing我聽見她唱了歌。 I heard her singing我聽見她在唱歌。 注意2：感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式符號“to”不能省略。 記憶口訣：“主動(dòng)句中to離開，被動(dòng)句中to回來” My mother made me do the dishes yesterday. I was made to do the dishes yesterday. We saw a man enter the room.

12、A man was seen to enter the room. c. 帶to或不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ) 在動(dòng)詞help后可以跟帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，也可以跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。例如： He often helps me（to）clean the room他經(jīng)常幫助我打掃房間。 4. 作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾的詞之后，它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。I have a lot of homework to do. （動(dòng)賓關(guān)系： do homework）There is nothing to worry about. （動(dòng)賓關(guān)系： worry about nothing, 所以介詞a

13、bout不能省略） 注意：動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后，它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)， 作定語不能省去介詞。Nanjing is a good place to live in.I need some paper to write in.5. 作狀語不定式作狀語，表示動(dòng)作的原因、目的、結(jié)果等 Teacher Wu went to Shanghai to see her daughter. (目的狀語) Were glad to meet you here. (原因狀語) He is too tired to work on. (結(jié)果狀語)6. 不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 不定

14、式常和疑問詞what，which，when，where，how等連用，用法上，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。 The teacher is telling the students what to do. He didnt know where to go. (where to go where he should go ) 注意： why 不能接不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)?？偨Y(jié)不定式助記口訣：不定式有標(biāo)記，to與動(dòng)詞連一起； 沒有人稱，數(shù)變化，動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它具備。主賓定表及狀語，唯獨(dú)謂語不可以； Not加上不定式，否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記。疑問詞加不定式，構(gòu)成短語有意義； 仔細(xì)推敲多考慮，準(zhǔn)確判斷有依據(jù)。動(dòng)名詞一. 概念：

15、加后綴ing構(gòu)成的名詞。也是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。二. 構(gòu)成：V + ing三. 否定式： 動(dòng)名詞前直接加“not” 四. 用法特點(diǎn)： 1. 既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)：有自己賓語和狀語，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語 2. 也有名詞的性質(zhì)：具有名詞的功能，可作主語、賓語、表語或定語五. 句法作用（動(dòng)名詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑﹦?dòng)名詞在句子中的所做的成分基本等同于名詞，因此相對于動(dòng)詞不定式來說，比較容易掌握。1 作主語如：Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多對身體健康有害。2作表語 My mothers job is raising chicken. 我母親的工作是養(yǎng)雞

16、。3作賓語 I dont mind listening to that story again. 我不介意再聽一遍那個(gè)故事。 I have finish doing the dishes4作定語 Lets join the singing group. 讓我們加入合唱隊(duì)吧。 A working method 工作方法注意：1. 接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組 （不能接不定式作賓語）Finish，enjoy，practice，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，put off（推遲），feel like（喜歡），give upCant help d

17、oing sth 不禁做某事 Be worth doing sth Sb or Sth值得被. 例如： The book is worth reading 2. 介詞后接動(dòng)名詞的常見表達(dá)Be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣于做某事Look forward to 盼望做某事Spend . (in) doing sth 花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事Have difficulty / problem / trouble / fun (in) doing sth 做某事有困難/困難/問題/麻煩/樂趣3. 當(dāng)need，require，want作“需要”解時(shí)，后加動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)式 等于 不定式的被動(dòng)式。 The

18、window needs cleaning. The window needs to be cleaned. 那個(gè)窗戶需要被擦洗。 不定式與動(dòng)名詞練習(xí)A卷選擇填空：1. Drivers in big cities are asked _ their cars on “World Car-Free Day”. A not use B. dont use C. not to use D. no use2. The students of Class One got up early this morning _ be late for the picnic. A. so as to B. in o

19、rder that C. so as to not D. in order not to3. My wish _ a successful basketball player like Yao Ming. A. to become B. is to become C. is become D. becomes4. The video cameras are so nice. I really dont know _. A. how to choose B. what to choose C. to choose which D. which to choose5. Please tell Ma

20、ry _ up late tonight. She has a lot of work to do tomorrow. A. sit B. not to sit C. sitting D. not sit6. My father told me _ stay up too late at night. A. dont B. not to C. not D. to not7. I got up very early this morning _ late for watching the sun-rise. A. in order not to be B. in order to be not

21、C. so that not to be D. so that to be not8. Lucy, Ive heard that you can use MSN to talk with your friends on the internet. Would you please show me _? A. how can I use it B. how to use C. how to use it D. how I can use9. Sybils burning desire _. A. will become a ballet dancer B. is to become a ball

22、et dancer C. is going to be a ballet dancer D. is becoming a ballet dancer10. Mother often tells Bob _ too much time playing computer games. A. not to spend B. to not spend C. dont spend D. doesnt spend11. Pushing the door open, Beethoven saw a blind girl _ the piano by the window. A. playing B. pla

23、yed C. to play D. play12. The old man always prevents people _ the Huangpu River. A. to pollute B. from pollution C. polluted D. from polluting13. A storm is on the way. The farmers have been warned _ in the fields. A. work B. to work C. not to work D. not working14. The film “The Brokeback Mountain

24、” made Ang Lee (李安) _ the best director in the 78th Oscar Awards. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became15. The young man is wondering _ a digital camera. A. how to repair B. what to buy C. where to go D. how many to buy16. My fathers hobby is _ different kinds of coins. A. collect B. collects

25、 C. to collect D. will collect17. The 18th World AIDS Day is set to make people _ their best in the fight against AIDS. A. tried B. try C. trying D. tries18. Would you mind _ me how to remember English words? A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told19. The Grade Six students got used _ in the new schoo

26、l one month later. A. to study B. to studying C. study D. studying20. Internet Bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody _ had things. A. to watch B. watch C. watching D. watches21. Youd better _ because its bad for your health. A. not to smoke B. smoke C. not smoke D. to smoke22. The young

27、man gave up _ at least after he knew he was seriously ill. A. smoking B. to smoke C. smoke D. smokes23. Would you like her to sing a song for us? Wed like to hear _ like Li Yuchun. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings24. Do you mind _ the electric fan? It is a bit hot inside. A. turn on B. to turn

28、 on C. turning on D. turned on25. Generally speaking, I dont enjoy _, but Id like _ this afternoon. A. to swim, to swim B. to swim, swimming C. swimming, to swim D. swimming, swimming改寫句子：1.The bookshelf is so high that the boy cant reach the top of it.The bookshelf is _ high for the boy _ reach the

29、 top of it.2.I really dont know how I can solve the problem.I really dont know _ _ solve the problem.3.Little Tom went out in a hurry after supper. He wanted to play video games.Little Tom went out in a hurry _ _ video games after supper.4.I havent decided which ferry I shall take to Hong Kong Islan

30、d.I havent decided which ferry _ _ to Hong Kong Island.5.He worked hard at French so that he could get a good mark in the exam.He worked hard at French _ _ to get a good mark in the exam.6.Peter was so fat that he couldnt wear this t-shirt.Peter was not _ _ to wear this t-shirt.B卷選擇填空：1.I have a lot

31、 of things _ this weekend.A, do B, did C, doing D, to do 2.The teacher often tells Jim and John _ too much time playing video games.A, not to spend B, to not spend C, dont spend D, doesnt spend3.Some young people are now _ to buy private cars.A, rather rich B, very rich C, rich enough D, enough rich

32、4.Yesterday morning I got up early _ be late for the exam.A, in order to B, in order to not C, so as not to D, so as to 5.If the launch (發(fā)射) in 2005 is successful, China will be the third country _ its astronautsinto space after Russia and the US.A, send B, sends C, sending D, to send6.“Mr Zhu, youd

33、 better _ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor.A, not to eat B, to eat C, not eat D, eat7.”Dont always make Michael _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr Bush said to his wifeA, do B, to do C, does D, did8.The headmasters praise for our group singing yesterday ma

34、de us all _ happily.A, smile B, smiled C, smiling D, to smile9.Children always enjoy _ picture-books.A, read B, to read C, reading D, reads10.Oxford English makes my students _ English more fluently than before.A, spoke B, speak C, speaking D, to speak11.Dont let the boy _ the street by himself. He

35、is too young.A, cross B, to cross C, crossing D, crossed12.I prefer staying at home to _ outside on a wet day.A, go B, be C, going D, stay13.The deputies of CPPC (全國人大代表) asked the government to _ more money on education.A, cost B, spend C, pay D, send14.The teacher will show us _ the computer.A, to

36、 use B, how to use C, used D, using15.The students in our school are busy _ our School Art Festival.A, to prepare B, to prepare for C, getting ready for D, preparing for16.My hope is _ an engineer in the future.A, become B, to become C, became D, becomes17.She will be free this summer holidays. She

37、decided _ to Beijing for her holidays.A, going B, to go C, to not go D, not going18.Why not _ us?A, to joining B, joining C, to join D, join19.How happy we are _ each other in London! What a coincidence!A, seeing B, saw C, to see D, seen20.When her name was called, I saw Mary _ from her seat.A, rise

38、 B, raise C, rose D, raised21.Qu Yuan was a great poem. His job at that time was _ advice to the emperor.A, gave B, give C, to give D, gives22.Father _ a bike for me as my birthday present.A, was offered B, is offered C, offered to buy D, offered to buying23.Aunt Li says that she enjoys _ with her d

39、aughters in Beijing.A, to staying B, to stay C, stays D, staying24.How did she make the baby _ when her mother was away?A, stop crying B, to stop crying C, to stop to cry D, stopping to cry25.Our football player did their best _ the game.A, win B, won C, to win D, winning26.The boys were seen _ bask

40、etball on the playground at that time yesterday.A, play B, played C, to play D, playing27.To every doctor, the most important thing is _ peoples lives.A, save B, saves C, saved D, to save28.Would you mind _ me with my lessons?A, help B, to help C, helping D, helped29.Its time for supper. Lets _ it.A

41、, stop having B, stop to have C, to stop to have D, stopping to have30.Mr Li _ go to work by bus. Now he _ going to work on foot.A, used, is used to B, used to, is used of C, is used to, used to D, used to, is used toC卷選擇填空：1.My uncle coughed day and night. When he spoke, he often stopped _.A, cough

42、ed B, cough C, coughing D, to cough2.Did you tell your children _ throw rubbish on the ground?A, not to B, dont C, cant D, shouldnt3.Father often _ me _ his computer.A, tells, use B, ask, to use C, made, to use D, let, use4.Never forget _ “Excuse me” when you trouble someone.A, to speak B, to say C,

43、 speaking D, saying5.Xinhua News Agency (新華社) said that China had spent 861million RMB _ against bird flu in the first three months of this year.A, fight B, to fight C, fought D, fighting6.Mr Smith told us _ him the information on Yu Garden next Monday.A, to take B, get C, to have D, to bring7.Id li

44、ke _ you everything I saw along the journey.A, to speak B, speak C, to tell D, tell8.He preferred _ in bed to have a good rest for a couple of days.A, have stayed B, stay C, staying D, stayed9.In order to keep the earth clean, we should do everything we can _ waste things.A, recycle B, recycled C, t

45、o recycle D, recycling10.Fried food _ called junk (垃圾) food. Youd better _ it.A, is, not to eat B, are, not to eat C, is, not eat D, are, not eat11.People in Bangkok enjoy _ spicy food and fresh fruit.A, eat B, to eat C, to have D, having12.There used _ a restaurant here.A, to be B, to have C, to be

46、ing D, to having13.The twin brothers always enjoy _ to the concert.A, go B, going C, to go D, gone14.my parents wont allow me _ out late.A, stay B, staying C, stayed D, to stay15.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes our land and sea.A, how do it B, how to do C, what do it D, what to do 16.Father decided _ smoking.A, give up B, give it up C, to give up D, giving up17.The people recycle the old newspapers, magazines and books _ waste them.A, so that B, so that dont C, so as to D, so as not to18.It is necessar