Unit5 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講1

1、Unit5 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解1.voyage, journey, travel, trip和 tour的區(qū)別一組詞都有“旅行”的意思，但各詞的含義有所不同。 1）. journey指從一地到另一地，通常指陸地上的遠(yuǎn)距離“旅行”，有時(shí)也可以表示經(jīng)常走的或長或短的“路程”。只作名詞。例如： I took a journey from Beijing to Shanghai last year. - How long is your journey to school? -Only about 10 minutes. 2）. voyage主要指遠(yuǎn)距離的水上旅行，也可以指空中旅行意思為“航海、航空、航行”等

2、。只作名詞。例如： She usually gets seasick during the voyage. They made a voyage across the Pacific by air. 3）. trip 一般指時(shí)間短、距離近的“旅行、遠(yuǎn)足”，也可以指長途旅行。在非正式用語中可代替journey。只作名詞。例如： We made a boat trip to the island last week and had a good time. I will be on a trip to / journey to the south next summer holiday. 4）.

3、tour 著重指旅行線路比較曲折，常表示“（周游各地的）參觀、訪問、（巡回）旅游、視察、購物、演出”等意思?？勺鲃?dòng)詞和名詞。例如： I will tour the world in the future. My father has gone down-town on a shopping tour. 5）. travel作“旅行、游歷”解，一般表示從一地到另一地旅行這一總的概念。常指長時(shí)間、遠(yuǎn)距離的“旅行”。尤指出國旅行?？勺鲃?dòng)詞和名詞。其復(fù)數(shù)形式意思為“旅游筆記”、“游記”。例如： At present, many people are fond of travel in their sp

4、are time. I am reading a book about the travel to North Pole. They came home after years of foreign travel. Light travels faster than sound. 2. rather than 用法小結(jié) rather than 是一個(gè)并列連詞，用法比較復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)歸納如下： 1）. rather than 與would 連用時(shí)，構(gòu)成“would rather.than.”句式，意思是“寧愿而不愿”，表示主觀愿望，即在兩者之中選擇其一。例如： She'd rather die

5、 than lose the children. 她寧愿死也不愿失去孩子們。 2）. rather than 不與would連用時(shí)，表示客觀事實(shí)，意為“是而不是；與其不如”。它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語)、動(dòng)名詞、分句、不定式、動(dòng)詞等。現(xiàn)分述如下： (1) 連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 與其說他是一個(gè)海員，不如說他是一個(gè)探險(xiǎn)者。 You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野營。 注意：rather than 連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語

6、動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與rather than 前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 (2) 連接兩個(gè)形容詞 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 與其說她買的這件羊毛衫便宜不如說它漂亮。 (3) 連接兩個(gè)介詞(短語)或動(dòng)名詞 We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我們是在教室里開會(huì)，不是在大廳里。 She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜歡唱歌，而不喜歡跳舞。 (4) 連接兩個(gè)分句

7、We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我們應(yīng)該幫助他而不是他應(yīng)該幫助我們。 (5) 連接兩個(gè)不定式 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我決定寫信而不打電話。 注意：rather than 后接不定式時(shí)，不定式可以帶to，也可以不帶to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首時(shí)，則只能接不帶to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜爛掉，把

8、它們以半價(jià)賣掉了。 (6) 連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞 He ran rather than walked. 他是跑來的，而不是走來的。 注意：這里rather than 后用了walked，而沒有用walk，表示客觀事實(shí)，而不是主觀愿望。如果換成walk，則作“寧愿而不愿 ”解。 would rather的用法 一、would rather意思是“寧愿、寧可、更、最好、還是為好”，后接動(dòng)詞原形,常省略為d rather，表示優(yōu)先選擇的一種方式 其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，所有的人稱一律用would rather。 “would r

9、ather+動(dòng)詞原形”是英語中常見的一個(gè)慣用句式，美國英語中多用had rather。 would (had)在此決無“過去”之意，它是一個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞，且無詞性、時(shí)態(tài)變化。 例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意聽搖滾音樂。 If youd rather be alone, well all leave here. 如果你寧愿獨(dú)自呆著，那我們都離開這兒。 Hed rather work in the countryside. 她寧可到農(nóng)村去工作。 You would rather stay at home and do som

10、e reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中讀點(diǎn)書。 二、如果在兩者中進(jìn)行取舍，表示“寧愿而不愿，與其寧可”的意思時(shí)，則可用would ratherthan或wouldrather than的句型 例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我寧可在家看電視而不愿去看電影。 The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子們寧愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽車。 請(qǐng)注意 1） would ratherthan/wouldrather than也可

11、以顛倒為：rather thanwould。Would(rather)和than后都接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，若選用的動(dòng)詞相同，那么than 后的動(dòng)詞可以省略。 例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我寧愿吃面條也不吃米飯。 He would rather drink wine than beer 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒。 Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 與其在這樣差的條件下工作，他寧愿放棄。 2)使用would ratherthan句型時(shí)要注意“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”，即

12、在than 的前后要用兩個(gè)同類的詞或詞組，如兩個(gè)名詞、兩個(gè)不定式、兩個(gè)介詞短語等。 例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我寧愿騎自行車也不愿乘公共汽車去上班。 I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我寧愿和他媽說話而不愿和他爸說話。 三、在疑問句式中，would rather 與would ratherthan中的would要放在主語之前 例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在這里，還是回家？ Whic

13、h would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜歡吃蘋果還是香蕉？ Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你寧愿看小說而不愿朗讀詩歌嗎？ 四、would rather+從句，是一個(gè)常用的虛擬語氣句型 Would rather+從句,謂語一般用過去時(shí)來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼Ｆ湟鉃椤皩幵?還是 好些”“一個(gè)人寧愿另一個(gè)人做某事”。引導(dǎo)從句的that常省略。在談到過去的動(dòng)作時(shí)，謂語則用過去完成時(shí)。 例 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to

14、 tomorrow than today. 約翰今天想去看我。我寧愿他明天來看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示過去而是表示將來) Wed rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我們寧愿他明天付給我們那筆錢。 Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. 明天別來。我希望你下周末來。 請(qǐng)注意 1） 如果談到過去的動(dòng)作，也就是表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情在選擇上不恰當(dāng)。此時(shí)，主句一般為I had rather ,其（that）從句則用過去完成時(shí)。 例 Would rather you had not d

15、one that. 我真希望你沒有做那件事。 2）如果只涉及主語本人而不涉及另一個(gè)人，則would rather之后不接that從句而接have done結(jié)構(gòu)。 例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戲而不是呆在家里。 He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods 他寧可窮也不愿意用不誠實(shí)的手段獲取金錢。 Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked

16、in the same department as he does亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一個(gè)部門工作。 五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的區(qū)別 would rather和would sooner之間一般沒有區(qū)別，但經(jīng)常接觸到的是would rather。 例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk 湯姆寧可讀書而不愿談天。 Tom prefers reading to talking湯姆喜歡讀書而不喜歡談天。 請(qǐng)注意 1）would rather后跟不帶to的不定式+than+不帶 to的不定式，而pref

17、er后跟動(dòng)名詞+to+動(dòng)名詞。有時(shí)prefer后面也可跟名詞，而在would rather之后要求只帶動(dòng)詞原形。 例 He prefers wine to beer= He would rather drink wine than beer 他喜歡喝紅葡萄酒而不喜歡喝啤酒。 I prefer tennis to golf= Id rather play tennis than golf 我喜歡打網(wǎng)球而不喜歡打高爾夫球。 2）某些 prefer+名詞的情況不能用 would rather完全確切地表達(dá)出來：He prefers dogs to cats（他喜歡狗而不喜歡貓。）和 He would

18、 rather have dogs than cats（他寧可養(yǎng)狗而不愿養(yǎng)貓。）很明顯，這兩句的意思并不完全相同。 3） would rather+不帶to的不定式有時(shí)可代替 would prefer+帶 to的不定式。 例 Id rather fly than go by sea=Id prefer to fly 我寧愿乘飛機(jī)也不愿乘船。 這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后面帶名詞時(shí)情況也一樣： 例 Would you like some gin？ Id prefer a coffee=Id rather have coffee than gin 您想喝點(diǎn)杜松子酒嗎？ 我想喝點(diǎn)咖啡。/我想喝點(diǎn)咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒

19、。 4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者帶to。 例 We went by sea but Id rather have gone by air=Id prefer to have gone by air 我們是乘船去的，可我本想乘飛機(jī)去。（我愿意乘飛機(jī)去，可我的愿望未能實(shí)現(xiàn)。）這和 would like+不定式的完成式有點(diǎn)相似，would like+帶to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 3.way構(gòu)成的短語all the way一路上，從遠(yuǎn)道而來，從頭到尾，一直in this way 這樣，用這種方法in a way 在某種程

20、度上in the way 擋路on the way to some place 在去某地的途中，路上this way, please 請(qǐng)這邊走in the way of妨礙了in any way不管怎樣Everything goes well all the way.一路順風(fēng)My friend came all the way from Australia.4. across，cross ，through，along，between，over的用法和區(qū)：across, cross是橫過的意思，across是介詞,通常在用go, run, swim. 等搭配；cross是動(dòng)詞,通?？梢灾苯臃旁诰?/p>

21、子中；through是穿過，跟across一樣介詞,通常在用go, run, swim.等搭配through與cross的不同在于：through是從中通過across是從事物表面穿過；over 是越過，在上方。along 作介詞時(shí)表示沿著,walk along the streetbetween 介詞 在兩者之間eg. I went across the road = I cross the road. 我橫過馬路(經(jīng)斑馬線)The river runs through our city.這條河流經(jīng)我們市。 He passed through the hall. 他穿過大廳 I swam a

22、cross the Changjiang River 20 years ago. 20年前我橫渡了長江。 Look left and right before you go across the street. 過馬路時(shí)要左右看。She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她給熟睡的孩子蓋上毯子。She climbed over the wall. 她翻過墻去。a bridge over the river 橫跨河面的橋They held a large umbrella over her. 他們給她撐起一把大傘。5. scene , sight ,

23、scenery , view 的區(qū)別1)、sight - “光景”。既可以指場景、眼前看到的景觀（多指人工的事物，如大建筑史跡等有名的處所），又可以指名勝、風(fēng)景，只是在表示后者的含義時(shí)，必須要用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：a sad sight悲慘的場景 ，see the historical sights of London游覽倫敦的名勝古跡。 它與view或者scenery最大的不同就在于：當(dāng)sight指景物時(shí)，多指某的特有的名勝。 2)、view cn.- “景色”。普遍用語，常指從遠(yuǎn)處或高處看到的景象，屬于scenery的一部分，有時(shí)可與scene互換。 如：The mountain hotel of

24、fered magnificent views.從山間旅行社可以看到壯麗的景觀。 The lantern slides show scene of the beach.幻燈片顯示出海灘的景色。3)、scenery un.- “景致”、“外景”，指某地乃至國家總的外景或外貌，尤指美麗的鄉(xiāng)間景色。 如：The scenery of this country is unparalleled. 這個(gè)國家的風(fēng)景無與倫比。4)、scene cn.- “景色”。指展現(xiàn)在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，可與view通用，但還包括其中的人及活動(dòng)在內(nèi)。 如：The scene after the ea

25、rthquake was horrible.地震后的場景十分可怕。6, surround vt 包圍，圍繞The river surrounds the village.be surrounded bye/withOur school is surrounded by a wall.The house is surrounded by/with trees.Surrounding adj.周圍的，附近的Surroundings n.環(huán)境We are living in pleasant surroundings.7.settle down舒適地坐下或躺下；定居；平靜下來；專心于Lets set

26、tle down to our work.They settled down in Beijing.Settle in遷入新新居；在新居安頓下來Settle to do sth.決定做某事8. manage to do-succeed in /be able to do強(qiáng)調(diào)成功；try to do不強(qiáng)調(diào)成功9.catch sight of/lose sight ofat (the) sight of一看見in/out sight ofat first sight乍一看；初見in the sight of在某人看來10.have a gift for對(duì)有天賦He has a gift for m

27、usic。11.表示最高級(jí)含義的八個(gè)比較級(jí)句型1）否定詞+比較級(jí)I cant agree more.2)比較級(jí)+than any(other)+單數(shù)名詞3）比較級(jí)+than any of the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞4)比較級(jí)+than any of the othersHe is taller than any of the others in his class.5)比較級(jí)+than (all)the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞He is taller than all the other students in his class.6+比較級(jí)+than (all) the othersHe

28、is taller than the others in his class.比較級(jí)+than anybody/anyone/anything elseHe is taller than anyone else in his class.8)比較級(jí)+than ever beforeShe is more beautiful than ever before.1) Canada is bigger than _country in Asia.A. any B any other C. other D. another2)Tom is much cleverer than _students.A.

29、 every one the B. all the C. any of the other D. many more12.population的用法population是一個(gè)集合名詞,它的用法有時(shí)較為特殊,所以很容易用錯(cuò)。下面談一下它的用法。 Population n.人口（UN.）；人口總數(shù)；（住在某地區(qū)的）人一、population常與定冠詞the連用,作主語用時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例如: The world's population is increasing faster and faster. 全世界的人口增長得越來越快。 At the beginning of

30、the twentieth century, the world's population was about 1,700 million. 在二十世紀(jì)初,全世界的人口大約是十七億。 二、當(dāng)主語是表示"人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾"時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 中國大約有百分之七十的人口是農(nóng)民。 三、有時(shí)population可用作可數(shù)名詞,其前可用不定冠詞。例如: China has a population of about 1.3 billi

31、on. (=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.) 中國大約有十三億人口。 New York is a big city with a population of over 10 million. 紐約是一個(gè)有一千多萬人口的大城市。 在表示多個(gè)地區(qū)的人口時(shí),population要用復(fù)數(shù)形式populations。例如: Many parts of the world, which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops, have become deserts. 世界上很多地區(qū)一度人口眾多,種植大量的農(nóng)作物;現(xiàn)在,這些地區(qū)已經(jīng)變成了沙漠。 四、表示人口的"多"或"少",不用"much"或"little",而要用"large"或"small"。例如: India has a large population