特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

1、學習必備歡迎下載特殊疑問詞+不定式”的用法“疑問詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu) q question word + to-infinitive ）4）疑問代詞 who, what, which等和疑問副詞 when, where, how等后面跟不定式，以及連接副詞whether與不定式連用構(gòu)成不定式短語（在作用上相當于一個名詞性從句，名詞成分）。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、復合賓語的直接賓語、狀語、同位語等句子成分。注意：疑問副詞why 后不能跟動詞不定式一、疑問詞+不定式動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種功用：1）作主語Where to go is still a question.到哪里去還是個問題。（作主

2、語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式）When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. 選擇吃什么, 已經(jīng)不像以前那么.When to start has not been decided.何時動身尚未決定。What to read is an important question.該讀些什么是一個很重要的問題。How to begin is more difficult than where to stop.如何開始比到哪里停止還困難。2

3、）作賓語（作用相當于名詞性從句）A.用作動詞賓語He asked how to open the box.他詢問如何打開盒子。She couldn t think what to s啾想不出說什么。He could not tell whom to trust.Our teacher explained how to use the word processor.老師向我們說明如何使用文字處理機。I know where to find the boy.我知道到哪里能找到這個男孩。（作動詞know的賓語）B.作于間接賓語后作直接賓語I ll show you how to do it.我將給你

4、講這怎么做。She kindly advised me what to do.她好心的勸告我該做什么。My sister taught me how to fold paper into a crane. 我姐姐教我如何折紙鶴。C.用作介詞賓語I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。Bill said something to her about what to do. 比爾給她講了 講應當怎樣做。I found a book on how to avoid having a heart attack. 我找到一本書談如何避免心臟病復發(fā)。We must

5、 first solve the problem of whom to serve 為誰服務的問題。（作介詞 of 的賓語）3）作表語The question is how to learn English well.問題是怎樣學好英語。（作表語）The problem is where to find the financial aid.The question is what to do next. 問題是下一步怎么辦。The question is how to carry out the plan.問題是怎樣執(zhí)行這個計劃。5）作復合賓語的直接賓語I can tell you where

6、 to get this book.He will advise you what to do.Will you show me how to use the machine?I asked her how to learn English.我問她如何學英語。（賓語補足語）5）作狀語She was at a loss what to do.她不知如何是好。（做狀語）6）作同位語The question whether to confess troubled the girl.是否要坦白的問題使姑娘很煩惱。（做同位語）I have no idea which one to take.我不知道拿哪

7、個好。（同位語）Tom had no idea which book to read first.二、特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常用在某些動詞后作賓語，類似的動詞有：tell, show, know, learn, teach, find out, forget, wonder, imagine, learn, decide, consider, understand, remember, think 等。Eg: I ll show you how to do it.我要讓你看看如何做這件事。You d better find out where to put it.你最好弄清楚要把它放在

8、哪里。注：（作介詞賓語） 某些介詞后面可接疑問詞+不定式作賓語，這類介詞常用的有about, as, from,in, of, on, with 等He has no idea of how to answer this question.他不知道怎樣回答這個問題。Della had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.德拉僅有$1.87為來吉姆買一件禮物。（which是關(guān)系代詞）You have a number of topics from which to choose. 你有很多題目可以選擇。（which 是關(guān)系代詞）（作復合賓語）某些

9、動詞后面可以先有個賓語，然后才接適當?shù)囊蓡栐~+不定式動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)（即：sb.+疑問詞+不定式）。這類動詞常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell, inform 等，先加上一個間接賓語，之后再加上“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作直接賓語。Eg: The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.Have you told him where to get the application form?He will advise you what to do. 他會建議你們做什么Will yo

10、u show me how to use this machine?你能示范教我如何使用這部機器嗎？When you are trying to advise someone about what to do or what not to do, you can use should / ought toor should not /ought not to.當你想要建議某人做什么或者不做什么時，你可以用 should / ought to或者should not / ought not to作雙重賓語（賓語補足語）：某些動詞后面可接sb. +疑問詞+不定式”構(gòu)成的雙重賓語，這類動詞常 用的有

11、 advise, ask, show, teach, tell 等。Eg: He will advise you what to do. 他會建議你們做什么Will you show me how to use this machine?你能示范教我如何使用這部機器嗎？三、特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式 ”這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以把復合句轉(zhuǎn)為簡單句。Eg: I don t know what I ll do=nexto n t know what to do next.Eg: The doctor told him when he should take the medicine. =The doctor tol

12、d him when to take the medicine.因為 特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式 ”這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當于一個名詞性從句，所以可用同等成分的從句代替， 從而把簡單句轉(zhuǎn)換為復合句。改寫時只需在疑問詞后加上適當?shù)闹髡Z，并把不定式改為適當?shù)男问?的謂語即可。Eg: Li Ping doesn t know toHearn English.=Li Ping doesn t know why he should learn English.Eg: Which to choose is important. = Which we should choose is important.Eg: The q

13、uestion is where to go. = The question is where we should go.四、特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式 ”這種結(jié)構(gòu)可構(gòu)成獨立問句。What to do?怎么辦？How to get rid of the trouble? 如何擺脫困境？該結(jié)構(gòu)的注意點：易錯一：按照英語語法的習慣，疑問副詞 why后不直接跟動詞不定式。誤：I dont know why to choose that dictionary. (X)正：I dont know why you must choose that dictionary.但可以接不帶to的動詞不定式(即動詞原形

14、)，構(gòu)成 Why do sth.?/Why not do sth? 結(jié)構(gòu)?？隙ㄐ问?表示某動作是不必要的或沒有意義的，而否定形式則用于向某人提建議和表達看法，相當于祈使句。Eg: Today is Sunday. Why not go out to relax yourself? 今天是周日，干嘛不出去輕松一下呢?Why pay more at other shops? We have the best value. 為什么花更多的錢到其他商店去買？我們這里物美價廉。需要注意的是：why not這個結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式通常只用于談論現(xiàn)在和將來，而不用于談論過去。誤： Why not clean the

15、 room yesterday? (X)正： Why didnt you clean the room yesterday?Why not do sth? = why dont you do sth?易錯二：“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，通常不用于動詞think的現(xiàn)在式和過去式之后，但可以用于think的其他形式之后（如現(xiàn)在進行式）Eg: Im thinking what to do next.我在想接下來要做什么。I m thinking how to use this computer. 我在想如何使用這臺電腦。 有時，此結(jié)構(gòu)還可以用在有助動詞的think之后Eg: She couldnt th

16、ink what to give the children for Christmas.她想不出圣誕節(jié)送孩子們什么禮物。易錯三：在which+不定式”Z構(gòu)中，which有時可以是疑問詞，那就和我們所說的“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣。Eg: I cant decide which to choose. 我不能決定選哪個好。Did you ask her which to buy? 你問沒問她該買哪一個？但有時which可能是關(guān)系代詞，那么這個結(jié)構(gòu)就相當于一個定語從句了，此時主要用于介詞之后作 賓語。Eg: She must have time in which to grow calm. 她必須有

17、冷靜下來的時間。 =She must have time in which she can grow calm.Allow me one minute in which to change my costumes.給我點時間來卸裝。=Allow me one minute in which I can change my costumes. 易錯四：1）特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的疑問副詞后要接不及物動詞；若接及物動詞，要有動詞的賓語。Eg: I dont know how to talk. 我不知如何談。I wonder if you could tell me how to do it.不知您能否告訴我如何去做這件事。（不能說：how to do.）2）有些動詞可以直接跟不定式作賓語，但有些動詞是不能直接跟不定式作賓語的，這些不能直接跟不定式的動詞它們的后面可以接疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。這類動詞主要有：know, suggest,consider, discover, discuss, explain, understand, wonder.Eg: He knows how to play the piano. 他會彈鋼琴。We never discovered how to open the box.