嵌入式導(dǎo)論課件：Chapter 1 Pervasive Embedded Systems

1、1Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)Introduction to Embedded Systems 2Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)Chapter 1 Pervasive Embedded Systems3Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniver

2、sity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)1 OverviewnWhat are Embedded Systems (ES) ?Embedded SystemsReal-Time Systems (RTS)Embedded Real-Time Systems(ERTS)nWhat are ERTS special in ?nWhat are we going to learn ?nHow to learn ?nWhat capability shall we have ?n4Real-Time System Lab

3、LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded SystemsnAny device that includes a computerConsumer electronicsCell phoneDigital cameraGame consoleWrist watchControl & Signal processingAutomobileMars roverManufacturingAir traffic controlv 95% of all

4、 microprocessors are used for Embedded Systems.5Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded SystemsnEmbedded computer6Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Emb

5、edded SystemsnBrake System (Anti-lock Braking System) Real-time(ABS)& Safety!7Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded SystemsnAutomotive Systems A car may have 100 microprocessors4-bit microcontroller checks seat beltmic

6、rocontrollers run dashboard devices16/32-bit microprocessor controls engineEntertainment: DVD, audio, satellite radio, Navigation 8Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded SystemsnSimple controlFront panel of microwave ovenCa

7、non EOS 3 has three microprocessors32-bit RISC CPU runs autofocus9Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded SystemsnWireless Sensor Networks (WSN)(sensors + microcontroller + radio) All feasible at very small scale e.g., UC Be

8、rkeley Smart Dust/pister/SmartDust/ networks10Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)Corner cube 三面直角棱鏡三面直角棱鏡Retroreflector 回射器回射器Interrogating 詢問詢問Beam steering 光束控制光束控制Photodetector 光電探測(cè)器光電探測(cè)器2 What are Embedd

9、ed Systems11Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded Systems MICA2 Mote12Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded Systems Application of WSN13Real-Tim

10、e System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded Systems Application of WSN Bridge Monitoring14Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)n Case 0 int *a; *a=12;Segmentation violationMemor

11、y faultGeneral protection exceptionIts difficulty to capture such error!15Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)n Case 0 int b;int *a=&b;*a=12;16Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UES

12、TC)2 What are Embedded SystemsnAvionics17Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded SystemsnAvionics18Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded SystemsnA

13、vionics19Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded SystemsnMars rover 20Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded SystemsnPervasive Computing(Ubiquitous

14、 Computing) Pervasive computing is the trend towards increasingly ubiquitous, connected computing devices in the environment, a trend being brought about by a convergence of advanced electronic (particularly wireless) technologies and the Internet. 21Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Elect

15、ronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)2 What are Embedded Systems22Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nConceptnCross subject (EE, Automation, Communication, Computer )2 What are Embedded SystemsnCase 1 & Case 223Real-Time Syst

16、em Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)3 What are RTSnExamplesAvionic (flight control, weapon control, missile launching)Mars roverManufacturingNucleus reactor controlnWhat is RTS ?“Any system where a timely response by the computer to external event is vit

17、al is a Real-Time System”.Just functionally working is NOT enough!24Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)RTS3 What are RTSnClassification of RTS ?nThe relationship between Embedded Systems & RTSES: Embedded SystemsRTS: Real-Time SystemsE

18、RTS: Embedded Real-Time SystemsES25Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)4 What are ERTS special in ?nApplication specificSpecialize and optimize the design for specific applicationnHave to worry about both hardware and softwareJust functiona

19、lly working is NOT enough!nHave to worry about non-functional constraintsReal-timeMemoryPowerCostReliability (Security, Safety)26Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nClassification of ERTS4 What are ERTS special in ?27Real-Time System Lab L

20、IAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nDoes ERTS needs OS ?nSoftware architecture of ERTS (P10)Polling loopForeground/Background(Interruption)Multi-task4 What are ERTS special in ?28Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of

21、 China (UESTC)nPopular ERTOS ?VxWorks, INTEGRITY(MULTI), TinyOS, Nuclear, Windows CE (mobile), uC/OS, DeltaOS, pSOS+, VRTX, QNX, RTEMS, Cisco-IOS, NOKIAERISON-EPOC, Sybian, Android,IOS Linux RTLinux, RTAI , Linux-SRT , www.cl.cam.ac.uk/dmi1000/linux-srt Embdix , ETLinux , sa.it/e

22、tlinux uCLinux , uLinux , www.sunsite.auc.dk/mulinux 4 What are ERTS special in ?29Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nEducation Plan of ESGraduation credit: 170Credit distribution50+ courses5 What are we going to learn ?30

23、Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nEducation Plan of ESSemester themes5 What are we going to learn ?31Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nEducation Plan of ESSemester themes5 Wh

24、at are we going to learn ?32Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nEducation Plan of ESCore courses5 What are we going to learn ?Language: C, Data structure, CompilingHardware(H/W): Computer organization, Micro-computer interfaceNetorks: Comp

25、uter networks, Networks programmingSystem: Operating System, Linux OS programmingCharacteristic: ARM architecture, Computer control, Embedded operating systemPractice：Embedded system design I (II, III)33Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)E

26、S design IES design IIES design IIIPractice 34Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nEducation Plan of ESElective coursesu Language (6)u Other core general courses (7)u Tailor-made courses (28.5)Specialized elective coursesInterdisciplinary e

27、lective coursesQuality education elective courses(=4)Innovative and extensive projectsu Recommendation for Specialized elective courses5 What are we going to learn ?35Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nBroad your Horizon nPass the final e

28、xamnPost-graduate studynJob huntingnFor interest6 How to learn ?Thirsty from the heart in programming, hardware, software design, technology, market 36Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nSuggestions Be proficient at a languageSpend time on

29、 basic training, not on those flourishesLearning mapPlan upon 1-year enterprise practiceBuild capability of computer system architecture6 How to learn ?37Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nEmbedded system & Software technology & I

30、nformation engineering & nEmbedded system & Computer science & EE &nengineering & ScienceS c i e n t i s t s s t u d y t h e w o r l d a s i t i s , engineers create the world that never has been. Theodore von Krmn6 How to learn ?nCase 338Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity

31、of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nCapability to design and implement embedded systems for general and special fields, but not only thatnCapability of Computer system architecturenHumanity development (all-around development)nIf you have those capabilities, National companies an

32、d research institutes HUAWEI, ZTE, MTK,TP-LINK,TCL INTEL, SAMSUNG, Freescale, HP, HTC, LG BAIDU, QQ, TAOBO, GOOGLE, MS. ICBC, Small companies Start your own business7 What capability shall we have ?39Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nPos

33、ition (R&D, QA&QC, Sale, Pre-sale, After-sale)nHeartfelt desire for embedded system design ?nFeatures of entrepreneurs Loyal Passion Persist Trust FocusnHe who knows others is learned, and he who knows himself is wisenEnter to grow in wisdom; Depart to serve better thy country and thy kind H

34、arvard University7 What capability shall we have ?(the Long March)(Shepherd)Sigmund FREUD40Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nPre-request C LanguagenReading嵌入式實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)及應(yīng)用開發(fā)(第三版)，羅蕾，北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社, 2008廖勇, 嵌入式實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn),電子工業(yè)出版社, 2015邵貝貝等譯，嵌入式

35、實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)uC/OS-II(第2版). 北京:北京航天航空大學(xué)出版社, 20038 Others41Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nReadingC.M.Krishna, Kang G.Shin, REAL-TIME SYSTEMS, Tsinghua University Press, McGraw-HillWayne Wolf Computers as Components：Principles of Embedded Comp

36、uting System Design Jean J.Labrosse.8 Others42Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nReadingIEEE Real-Time System Symposium (RTSS)IEEE Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)Pervasive ComputingJournal of Real-Time Systems(0.605

37、)IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER (2.327) IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS (0.853)8 Others43Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nReadingC 程序設(shè)計(jì)語言,許寶文(譯),機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社C Primer Plus(2nd Edition) ,云巔工作室(譯),人民郵電出版社C 和指針,徐波(譯),人民郵電出版社

38、C 專家編程,徐波(譯),人民郵電出版社C 陷阱和缺陷,高巍 (譯),人民郵電出版社算法導(dǎo)論,潘金貴(譯),機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社The Algorithm Design Manual(2nd Edition), Steven S. Skiena8 Others44Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nReading一個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn),于淵UNIX環(huán)境高級(jí)編程(第二版),史蒂文斯,拉戈等,人民郵電出版社程序員的自我修養(yǎng),俞甲子連接器和加載器，JOH

39、N R.LEVINEUNIX網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程(1卷(套接字聯(lián)網(wǎng)),2卷(進(jìn)程間通信),史蒂文斯,人民郵電出版社深入理解計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng),龔奕利(譯),中國水利出版社Computer Architecture 5th edition(A Quantitative Approach), John L. Hennessy, Divad A. Pattersion8 Others45Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)nGradingAttendance+Hom

40、ework(20%) Plagiarization is not permitted!Experiment (40%)Final exam (40%)nPersonal informationTel: (028) 83202896E-mail: 8 Others46Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)8 OthersnQuestions ?47Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Elect

41、ronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)100ns1s10s100s1ms10ms100ms1sSpeech and AudiosystemsProcess simulation and network controlF l i g h t simulationR obot controllersTelemetry control&science analysisProcesscontrolsystemsand Industrial AutomationMedical Diagnosis and lab automation Fir

42、e alarm systemsTime ConstrainslowerfasterApplication48Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)49Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)50Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electr

43、onic Science & Technology of China (UESTC) User kernelHardwareProcessApplicationMemoryERTOSFileNetDisplayRequestReturnERTOS: Embedded Real-Time Operating System51Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)52Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniver

44、sity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)OS ?Singlechip Board+OSToolsEnvironment“Hello world”O(jiān)ne AppSimple driverComplex driverBSPOS TransplantWhole ES S/WES H/WWhole ESDIYJobJOBS53Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)Void

45、 twiddle1(int *xp,int *yp) *xp+=*yp; *xp+=*yp; Void twiddle1(int *xp,int *yp) *xp+=2*yp; n Case 154Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC)Void twiddle1(int *xp,int *yp) *xp+=*xp; *xp+=*xp; Memory aliasing55Real-Time System Lab LIAO YongUniversity of Electronic Science & Technology of China (UESTC) int f(int); func1(x) return f(x)+f(x)+f(x)+f(x); func2(x) return 4*f(x); n Case 25