初高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的區(qū)別與銜接

1、1初高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的區(qū)別與銜接北京市英語特級(jí)教師趙書梅2高中英語學(xué)習(xí)不是新起點(diǎn)，而是初中英語學(xué)習(xí)的繼續(xù)和深入，因此對(duì)初中英語知識(shí)的掌握是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)，但兩者又有區(qū)別。3一、初高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的區(qū)別一、初高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的區(qū)別1詞匯量增加，高級(jí)詞匯增加(help, assist; need, require)2語法項(xiàng)目方面：有一些語法項(xiàng)目在初中階段是淺嘗轍止，高中要繼續(xù)和深入學(xué)習(xí)，如：定語從句，賓語從句，動(dòng)詞不定式；有一些是全新的項(xiàng)目，如：分詞。這些項(xiàng)目是重點(diǎn)知識(shí)，是高考的必考項(xiàng)目，其中有些又是難點(diǎn)。3閱讀篇目長(zhǎng)了(詞數(shù),長(zhǎng)難句)，閱讀后的題目難度大了，對(duì)思維能力要求高了。4二、如何應(yīng)對(duì)高中的英語學(xué)

2、習(xí)二、如何應(yīng)對(duì)高中的英語學(xué)習(xí)1如何解決詞匯問題（1）單純記憶單詞的中文意思和拼寫不能有效地解決詞匯問題。一些單詞的意思單一，但數(shù)量有限，舉例說明：apple，但英文中一詞多意的單詞非常多，單詞的意思是通過不同的語境得以體現(xiàn)的，換句話說，句子變了，詞的意思就不一樣了，如果在學(xué)習(xí)中只是單純地記憶單詞的意思，當(dāng)這個(gè)單詞在文章中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候我們還是沒有辦法知道他的確切意思，因此對(duì)單詞的記憶離不開句子和上下文。請(qǐng)看下面的例句:5put on：Mum asked Tom to put on his heavy coat before going out, for it was a very cold day

3、.Mary has put on weight since I last saw her.The students in our class will put on the new play at the new year party.因此，建議同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)單詞時(shí)不應(yīng)當(dāng)僅僅記住中文意思，應(yīng)當(dāng)記住這個(gè)單詞使用的語境。 6some There are some students at the door. They want to talk to the new teacher.There must be some reason for her coming late. 7（2）高中要學(xué)習(xí)3500左

4、右的單詞，對(duì)基礎(chǔ)不同的同 學(xué)要把單詞分類，常用單詞要會(huì)應(yīng)用，書面表達(dá)中要會(huì)，使用頻率低的單詞知道意思就行了。結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、意思復(fù)雜、望文生歧義的單詞要會(huì)運(yùn)用。如：turn on, turn off; put on, put offget along with sb./ sth., go through8(3) 要記憶那些望文不知何意的單詞要記憶那些望文不知何意的單詞,如如:upset, available92.如何解決語法問題如何解決語法問題語法不是靠記憶規(guī)則能解決的，要常運(yùn)用，當(dāng)然也不排除做一定量的練習(xí)。學(xué)習(xí)語法的根本目的不是為了了解規(guī)則，而是為了運(yùn)用語言，表達(dá)思想。如同學(xué)游泳一樣，老師教會(huì)動(dòng)作

5、，不是為了在岸上比劃，而是到水中能游。特別需要提醒理科好的同學(xué)們，不要使用學(xué)習(xí)理科的方式學(xué)習(xí)外語，因?yàn)檎Z言不是依靠規(guī)則存在的，先有語言，后有規(guī)則，有些語言現(xiàn)象是約定俗成的。103外語學(xué)習(xí)需要高情商。外語學(xué)習(xí)需要高情商。每天把在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的課文朗讀五遍，不用刻意記憶，合起書寫出你記憶中的東西，天天堅(jiān)持不懈。直到老師完成一個(gè)單元的內(nèi)容。找一本適合自己水平的簡(jiǎn)寫本小說，每天閱讀幾頁，不用刻意記住什么，天天堅(jiān)持讀，不貪多。114注意及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)和總結(jié)反思。注意及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)和總結(jié)反思。堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是邁好高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的第一步，所以我們有必要復(fù)習(xí)初中學(xué)習(xí)過的重點(diǎn)知識(shí)。英文知識(shí)中的重中之重就是動(dòng)詞，因一切變化皆始于此

6、。英文中表達(dá)事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間主要通過動(dòng)詞的變化體現(xiàn)，英文中語態(tài)的變化也是通過動(dòng)詞的變化，因此動(dòng)詞是英文的靈魂。 對(duì)于自己練習(xí)中的錯(cuò)誤首先要分類，之后總結(jié)并記錄下來。12各種時(shí)態(tài)綜合復(fù)習(xí)各種時(shí)態(tài)綜合復(fù)習(xí)在初中的三年中我們共學(xué)習(xí)了下面幾個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。要搞清楚英語當(dāng)中的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)問題我們先來看一看中英文在表達(dá)上面的根本區(qū)別。當(dāng)我們用中文表達(dá)時(shí)間概念時(shí)，在句子中一般使用表示時(shí)間的詞或短語就可以了。例如：13我昨天早起了。他每天早起。他們明天要早起。我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候他正起床呢。他已經(jīng)起床了。他說他明天要早起。14而在英文中要想表達(dá)各種不同的時(shí)態(tài)

7、重要的不僅僅是時(shí)間狀語的變化，而是要在動(dòng)詞上面下工夫。英文時(shí)間的概念主要通過動(dòng)詞的變化得以體現(xiàn)。即使句子中沒有時(shí)間狀語只通過動(dòng)詞我們也能夠判斷出該句表達(dá)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。如：15She is going to do her homework (tonight). We are doing our homework (now). Tom went to the movie (last week).Sam always does sports (on Sundays). He was having lunch (when I went to see him（yesterday). He has c

8、leaned the room. He said he would come to see me （soon）.16通過對(duì)比,我們對(duì)英文動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的意義就有了認(rèn)識(shí)。所以大家在寫英文句子時(shí)，只要腦子中對(duì)動(dòng)詞的變化時(shí)刻牢記在心，就會(huì)在運(yùn)用中少犯錯(cuò)誤。17下面讓我們來總結(jié)、對(duì)比學(xué)習(xí)過的幾種時(shí)態(tài)中容易被忽視的幾種用法、意義及易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)提到現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，你腦子中首先出現(xiàn)的含義是什么？181表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如：She isnt dancing now. She is sitting at her desk now.Im talking to you now

9、. Youre listening to me.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還有其他的意思嗎？2某人已經(jīng)開始做某事，但尚未完成，說某人已經(jīng)開始做某事，但尚未完成，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作可能正在發(fā)生著，但不是必須的。話時(shí)動(dòng)作可能正在發(fā)生著，但不是必須的。19例如：例如：(At the party, Tom and Jane are talking.)Tom: Im reading Harry Potter VII at the moment. Ill lend it to you when Ive finished it.More examples: Wang Lin wants to study in the US so

10、hes learning English.203 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。的動(dòng)作。例如：The workers are building a new sports centre this month. -Is Susan working this week? -No, shes on holiday. 21 4 表示安排將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示安排將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,請(qǐng)看下面的個(gè)人計(jì)劃，用英文如何表達(dá)？請(qǐng)看下面的個(gè)人計(jì)劃，用英文如何表達(dá)？進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來的這種用法到高中還會(huì)再?gòu)?qiáng)化。進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來的這種用法到高中還會(huì)再?gòu)?qiáng)化。22Exercise:

11、Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the verbs. I want to lose some weight, so this week I _-(eat) lunch. 2. I think Paul and Ann have had a quarrel. They _(speak) to each other. 3. Ken is ill but he_ (get) better slowly. 4. The world _(change). Things never stay the same. am not eatingare not

12、 speakingis gettingis changing23S: Brian! How nice to see you! What _ (you/do) these days?B: I _ (train) to be a supermarket manager.S: Really? Whats it like? _ (you /enjoy) it?B: Its all right. What about you?S: Well, actually _ (not/work) at the moment. I _ (try) to find a job but its not easy. Bu

13、t Im very busy. I am_( decorate) my flat.B: _ (do) it alone?S: No, some friends of mine _. (help)are you doingam trainingAre you enjoyingI am not workingam tryingdecoratingAre you doingare helping me24假如你是假如你是Mary，你的朋友要和你小聚，根據(jù)你后幾天的安排跟他約定時(shí)間。，你的朋友要和你小聚，根據(jù)你后幾天的安排跟他約定時(shí)間。25T: Can you come on Monday eveni

14、ng?M: Sorry but I _(go to the cinema).T: How about having lunch together on Tuesday?M: No, not Tuesday. I_ (see a doctor).T: And Wednesday evening?M: Im afraid not. I_ (study for an exam).T: Well, are you free on Thursday then?M: Im terribly sorry I_ (concert). Lets meet on Friday evening. Will that

15、 be OK with you?T: All right. Im going to the cinema with Aliceam seeing the doctor at 11:00am studying for an examam going to the concert26二、一般將來時(shí)兩種將來時(shí)的區(qū)別一般將來時(shí)有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。先讓我們來看第一種shall和will。（1）它表示一種不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的將來時(shí),沒有計(jì)劃打算之意.第一種將來時(shí)主要用于表達(dá)單純的將來時(shí)，沒有人為的意志。例如：It will be his birthday tomorrow.Tom will be sixteen

16、in a weeks time.27（2）表示在說話時(shí)決定做的事情。）表示在說話時(shí)決定做的事情。 Oh, Ive left the door open. Ill go and shut it. -What would you like to drink? -I will have an orange juice, please. -Did you phone Tom? - Oh, I forgot. Ill phone her now.（3）預(yù)測(cè)未來發(fā)生的事情）預(yù)測(cè)未來發(fā)生的事情 -Do you think Ann will pass the exam? -Yes, shell pass ea

17、sily. When will you know your exam results?28（4）此外）此外,還有表示情態(tài)的意思還有表示情態(tài)的意思. A可以表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。可以表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 Plants will die without water. Whenever he is free, he will come to see us. B.某人主動(dòng)提出做某事，在此處有一種情態(tài)的含義。某人主動(dòng)提出做某事，在此處有一種情態(tài)的含義。 That bag looks heavy. Ill help you with it. C.請(qǐng)求某人做某事請(qǐng)求某人做某事 Will you p

18、lease be quiet? Im trying to listen to the talk show on the radio. Will you shut the door, please?29 2be going to（1）已決定做某事）已決定做某事,試圖做某事試圖做某事 -There is a film on TV tonight. Are you going to watch it? -No, Im tired. Im going to have an early start tomorrow. -Have you made the coffee yet? -No, Im goin

19、g to make it. -The windows are dirty. -Yes, I know. Im going to clean them later.30（2）某種跡象表明近期要發(fā)生的事情。）某種跡象表明近期要發(fā)生的事情。 The man cant see where he is walking. There is a hole in front of him. He is going to fall into the hole. Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. (現(xiàn)在烏云密布) I feel terrible. Im

20、going to be sick. (我現(xiàn)在感覺不好)31比較比較:Mike phoned while you were out.-Ok. Ill phone him back.-Mike phone while you were out.-Yes, I know. Im going to phone him back.32Exercise：在下列情境中你會(huì)說什么? You feel very tired and its quite late. You decide to go to bed. You say: I think I _. (go to bed)2. Its a bit cold

21、 in this room -Is it? I _(turn on the heating)3. Do you want me to do the washing-up? -No, its all right. I _.(do)4. You friend has won some money. You ask: What_? (do with)will go to bedwill turn on the heating then. will do itare you going to do with it335. Youve decided to do your homework this e

22、vening. Are you going out this evening? -No, _. (do my homework)6. Its 8:30. Jack is leaving his house. He has to be at school at 8:45 but they journey takes 30 minutes. He _.(be late)7. Emma is driving. There is very little petrol left in the tank. The nearest petrol station is a long way away. She

23、 _.(run out of the petrol)Im going to do my homework. is going to be lateis going to run out of petrol. 348. The phone rings and you answer. Somebody wants to speak to Jim.-Hello, can I speak to Jim, please?-Just a minute. I_. (go and get)9. Its a nice day and youve decided to sit in the garden. Bef

24、ore going outside, you tell your friend: The weather is too nice l _(sit) will go and get himam going to sit in the garden.3510. John has to go to the airport to catch a plane tomorrow.John: Ann, I need somebody to take me to the airport tomorrow morning. Ann: Thats no problem. I _. (take) you there

25、. When is the flight?John: 10:50.Ann: OK. We _at about 9:00.(leave)Later that day, Joe offers to take John to the airport.Joe: John, do you want me to take you to the airport? John: No, thanks. _. (take)will takewill leaveAnn is taking me there 36Fill in the blanks. Why dont you try on this jacket? It _(look) nice on you. 2. I wonder where I _ (be) 20 years from now.3. Why are you turning off the TV?-I _ (watch) the news. 4. Ive got a headache. -Have you? Wait there and I _ (get) an aspirin for you.5. The ceiling in this room doesnt look very safe, d