基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)常用英語詞匯

1、.根底化學(xué)常用英語詞匯1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想氣體狀態(tài)方程2. Partial Pressures 分壓3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真實氣體：對理想氣體行為的偏離4. The van der Waals Equation 范德華方程5. System and Surroundings 系統(tǒng)與環(huán)境6. State and State Functions 狀態(tài)與狀態(tài)函數(shù)7. Process 過程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 熱力學(xué)第一定律10.

2、Heat and Work 熱與功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸熱與發(fā)熱過程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反響熱13. Hesss Law 蓋斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反響速率16. Reaction Order 反響級數(shù)17. Rate Constants 速率常數(shù)18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼烏斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反響機

3、理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化劑22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化劑23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常數(shù)25. the Direction of Reaction 反響方向26. Le Chateliers Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 體積，壓力，溫度變化以及催化劑的影響28. Spontaneous Processes 自

4、發(fā)過程29. Entropy Standard Entropy 熵標準熵30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 熱力學(xué)第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵變32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 標準自由能變33. Acid-Bases 酸堿34. The Dissociation of Water 水離解35. The Proton in Water 水合質(zhì)子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和堿38. Pro

5、ton-Transfer Reactions 質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移反響39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共軛酸堿對40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸堿的相對強度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸堿42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金屬離子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 緩沖溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同離子效應(yīng)45. Buffer Capacity 緩沖容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配離子的形成47.

6、Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度積常數(shù)49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 離子的沉淀與別離50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 離子的選擇沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化復(fù)原反響52. Oxidation Number 氧化數(shù)53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化復(fù)原反響方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反響55. Galva

7、ni Cell 原電池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特電池57. Cell EMF 電池電動勢58. Standard Electrode Potentials 標準電極電勢59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化劑和復(fù)原劑60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 電解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 電子的波動性63. Bohrs Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氫原子的波爾模型64. Line Spectra 線光譜65. Quantum Num

8、bers 量子數(shù)66. Electron Spin 電子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子軌道68. The s p, d, f Orbital sp，d，f軌道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多電子原子70. Energies of Orbital 軌道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 電子構(gòu)型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mas

9、s Numbers 同位素，原子數(shù)， 質(zhì)量數(shù)77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半徑79. Ionization Energy 電離能80. Electronegativity 電負性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核電荷82. Electron Affinities 親電性83. Metals 金屬84. Nonmetals 非金屬85. Valence Bond Theory 價鍵理論86. Covalence Bond 共價鍵87. Orbital Overl

10、ap 軌道重疊88. Multiple Bonds 重鍵89. Hybrid Orbital 雜化軌道90. The VSEPR Model 價層電子對互斥理論91. Molecular Geometries 分子空間構(gòu)型92. Molecular Orbital 分子軌道93. Diatomic Molecules 雙原子分子94. Bond Length 鍵長95. Bond Order 鍵級96. Bond Angles 鍵角97. Bond Enthalpies 鍵能98. Bond Polarity 鍵矩99. Dipole Moments 偶極矩100. Polarity Mole

11、cules 極性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶體構(gòu)造103. Non-Crystal 非晶體104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆積105. Metallic Solids 金屬晶體106. Metallic Bond 金屬鍵107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 離子晶體109. Ion-Dipole Forces 離子偶竭力110. Molecular Forces 分子間力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子間作用力112. Hyd

12、rogen Bonding 氫鍵113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶體114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，組成和構(gòu)造116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 電荷數(shù)、配位數(shù)、及幾何構(gòu)型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象119. Structural Isomerism 構(gòu)造異構(gòu)120. Stereoisomerism 立體異構(gòu)121.

13、 Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面體構(gòu)型配合物的電子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面體和平面四邊形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s區(qū)元素126. Alkali Metals 堿金屬127. Alkaline Earth Metals 堿土金屬128. Hydrides 氫化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Sup

14、eroxides 過氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氫氧化物132. Salts 鹽133. p-Block Elements p區(qū)元素134. Boron Group Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium 硼族硼，鋁，鎵，銦，鉈135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead 碳族碳，硅，鍺，錫，鉛137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carboni

15、c Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸鹽，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制備140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸鹽141. Nitrogen Group Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth 氮族磷，砷，銻，鉍142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸鹽，鹵化磷144. Ox

16、ygen Group Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium 氧族元素氧，硫，硒，碲145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，過氧化氫146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine 鹵素氟，氯，溴，碘148. Halides, Chloride 鹵化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有氣體150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有氣體化合物151. d-Block elements d區(qū)元素152. Transit

17、ion Metals 過渡金屬153. Potassium Dichromate 重鉻酸鉀154. Potassium Permanganate 高錳酸鉀155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 鐵，銅，鋅，汞156. f-Block Elements f區(qū)元素157. Lanthanides 鑭系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化學(xué)160. Nuclear Fission 核裂變161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚變 162. analytical chemistry 分析化學(xué)163. qualitat

18、ive analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化學(xué)分析166. instrumental analysis 儀器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 試劑170. chromatographic analysis 色譜分析171. product 產(chǎn)物172. electrochemical analysis 電化學(xué)分析173. on-line analysis 在線分析174. macro analysis

19、 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形態(tài)分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系統(tǒng)誤差180. routine analysis 常規(guī)分析181. random error 偶爾誤差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 過失誤差184. normal distribution 正態(tài)分布185. accuracy 準確度186. deviation 偏向

20、187. precision 精細度188. relative standard deviation 相對標準偏向RSD189. coefficient variation 變異系數(shù)CV190. confidence level 置信程度191. confidence interval 置信區(qū)間192. significant test 顯著性檢驗193. significant figure 有效數(shù)字194. standard solution 標準溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化學(xué)計量點197. end point 滴定終點198

21、. titration error 滴定誤差199. primary standard 基準物質(zhì)200. amount of substance 物質(zhì)的量201. standardization 標定202. chemical reaction 化學(xué)反響203. concentration 濃度204. chemical equilibrium 化學(xué)平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化學(xué)反響的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸堿質(zhì)子理論208. acid-base ti

22、tration 酸堿滴定法209. dissociation constant 解離常數(shù)210. conjugate acid-base pair 共軛酸堿對211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氫離子213. electrolyte 電解質(zhì)214. ion-product constant of water 水的離子積215. ionization 電離216. proton condition 質(zhì)子平衡217. zero level 零水準218. buffer solution 緩沖溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. aci

23、d-base indicator 酸堿指示劑221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心離子224. cumulative stability constant 累積穩(wěn)定常數(shù)225. alpha coefficient 酸效應(yīng)系數(shù)226. overall stability constant 總穩(wěn)定常數(shù)227. ligand 配位體228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反響系數(shù)23

24、0. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位數(shù)232. lone pair electron 孤對電子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金屬指示劑235. chelating agent 螯合劑236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 電子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化劑242. reduction 復(fù)原243. catalytic reaction 催化反響

25、244. reaction rate 反響速率245. electrode potential 電極電勢246. activation energy 反響的活化能247. redox couple 氧化復(fù)原電對248. potassium permanganate 高錳酸鉀249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重鉻酸鉀251. cerimetry 鈰量法252. redox indicator 氧化復(fù)原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量OC254. chemical oxygen demanded 化學(xué)需氧量COD255.

26、dissolved oxygen 溶解氧DO256. precipitation 沉淀反響257. argentimetry 銀量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相離子平衡259. aging 陳化260. postprecipitation 繼沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼燒263. fitration 過濾264. decantation 傾瀉法265. chemical factor 化學(xué)因數(shù)266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分

27、析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲線271. standard curve 標準曲線272. monochromator 單色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 檢測系統(tǒng)277. bathochromic shift 紅移278. Molar absorptivity 摩爾吸光系數(shù)279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔

28、281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙?；瘎?83. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. -dicarbontl compound 二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 雙分子消除反響289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 雙分子親核取代反響290. open chain compound 開鏈族化合物291. molecular orbital t

29、heory 分子軌道理論292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互變異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象294. reaction mechanism 反響歷程295. chemical shift 化學(xué)位移296. Walden inversio 瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)n297. Enantiomorph 對映體298. addition rea ction 加成反響299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立體化學(xué)302. stereo isomer 立體異構(gòu)體303. Lucas reagent 盧卡斯試劑304. covale

30、nt bond 共價鍵305. conjugated diene 共軛二烯烴306. conjugated double bond 共軛雙鍵307. conjugated system 共軛體系308. conjugated effect 共軛效應(yīng)309. isomer 同分異構(gòu)體310. isomerism 同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象311. organic chemistry 有機化學(xué)312. hybridization 雜化313. hybrid orbital 雜化軌道314. heterocyclic compound 雜環(huán)化合物315. peroxide effect 過氧化物效應(yīng)t316. v

31、alence bond theory 價鍵理論317. sequence rule 次序規(guī)那么318. electron-attracting grou p 吸電子基319. Huckel rule 休克爾規(guī)那么320. Hinsberg test 興斯堡試驗321. infrared spectrum 紅外光譜322. Michael reacton 麥克爾反響323. halogenated hydrocarbon 鹵代烴324. haloform reaction 鹵仿反響325. systematic nomenclatur 系統(tǒng)命名法e326. Newman projection 紐

32、曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克萊森酯縮合反響330. Claisen rearrangement 克萊森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄爾斯-阿爾得反響332. Clemmensen reduction 克萊門森復(fù)原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎羅反響334. positional isomers 位置異構(gòu)體335. unimolecular elimination reaction 單分子消除反響336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 單分子親核取代反響337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能團p339. con