情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(講解版)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Modal Verbs情態(tài)動(dòng)詞定義：表示說(shuō)話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞叫情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法特征1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)不加-s。2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面直接+not。3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)式是把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)前。主要情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)心-專(zhuān)注-專(zhuān)業(yè)can, could（be able to）may, might must （have to） will, would shall, should ought to need dare情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法I. can/ could1. _Can_ you speak Japane

2、se? Just a little.2. Only the judge _can_ save her from prison. 3. I _could_ drive a car before I left middle school. 4. It was so dark that I _could_ see nothing. Note: 表能力、有權(quán)力 （could是can的過(guò)去式）5. -_Can/Could _ I go home now? -Yes, you can. No, you cant.6. -_Can/Could_ I speak to Andrew?7. You _cant_

3、（not）smoke here.Note: （口語(yǔ)）允許、請(qǐng)求，表可以 (could非can的過(guò)去式，表委婉)8. It _can_/could _ be very cold here, even in spring.9. She is clever, but she _can_/could_ be dull sometimes. Note: （表示偶然現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的可能性）有時(shí)會(huì)，時(shí)而可能10. It _cant_/couldnt_(not) be my father. He is abroad now.11. There is someone outside. Who _can_ it be?

4、12. You _cant/couldnt have seen him_ (not see) him. He was not there.13. She _ cant/couldnt have been _(not be) more than six then.14. He _ cant/couldnt have finished_ (not finish) the work last night without your help.Note: 表推測(cè)（否定、疑問(wèn)句）15. He _could have told_(tell) me the answer but he refused to.N

5、ote: 過(guò)去本能做而沒(méi)有做16. You _cannot/ can never_ do the work too well.17. You _cannot /can never_ be careful enough in your study.Note: cannottoo; can never. too; cannot enough再都不為過(guò)；越越好can & be able to區(qū)別：1. can 只有兩種時(shí)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)can & 過(guò)去時(shí) could be able to 有各種時(shí)態(tài) 2. 用于一般所具有的能力，可以互換，但是當(dāng)表示成功做到時(shí)，通常用be able to或m

6、anage to 1. He _can/is able to_ write music.2. We shall _be able to_ finish the work soon.3. I havent _been able to_ find the book.4. He _could/was able to_ swim like a fish when he was young.5. I talked with her for a long time and finally I _was able to_ make her believe me.6. The fire spread thro

7、ugh the building quickly but everybody _was able to /managed_ to escape. II. may/might1. -_May_ I leave now? -Yes, you _may_./Yes，please.-No, you _may not /cant/mustnt_.2. He asked if he _might_ use the phone.3. We start early so that we _may/might_ arrive in time.Note: （允許、請(qǐng)求）可以4. _May_ you be happ

8、y all your life.Note: 祝、愿5. John is absent. He _may/might_ be ill.6. It _may/might_ rain tomorrow or it _may/might_ be merely cloudy.7. I cant find my book. I _may/might have left_(leave) it in your office just now.8. You know this story very well. You _may/might have read_(read) it before.Note: 表推測(cè)

9、9. We start early so that we _may _ arrive in time.10. I wrote down his telephone number so that I _might_ remember it.Note: 表目的（用于目的狀語(yǔ)從句中）maybe & may be11. He _may be _ here. Im not sure.12. _Maybe_ you should call him.13. Are you going out tonight? - _Maybe_.III. must1. You _must_ have a passp

10、ort if you want to go abroad.2. Drivers _mustnt_ drive after drinking.Note: （義務(wù)、責(zé)任、強(qiáng)制、命令）必須應(yīng)該3. You _must_ first finish your homework before you watch TV.4. -_Must_ I come tomorrow?-Yes, you _must_.-No, you _neednt/ dont have to_.Note: （說(shuō)話者主觀上的意愿、建議、命令等）應(yīng)該、必須、務(wù)必5. Winter _must_ be followed by spring

11、.6. All living things _must_ die.Note: 表示客觀規(guī)律不可避免性或必然性，注定要，必然（只用于肯定句）7. You _must_ be ill. I can see it from your face.8. You _must have read_(read) the book. You know the story very well.9. Theres much noise from next door. They _must be having_(have) a party.Note: 表肯定推測(cè)Must & have to區(qū)別：1. have

12、 to 用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，還可和其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用 2. have to 表示因客觀環(huán)境的迫使而不得不做某事1. - Lets see a movie tonight.-Id love to, but I _have to_ take care of my mom.2. They _had to_ speed up, for the weather turned terrible.3. They will _have to _ get up early tomorrow.4. We may _have to_ put off the plan.5. You _dont have to _ tell

13、him about it.不一定要6. You _mustnt _ tell him about it. 一定不要IV. shall1. I _shall_ ring you as soon as I arrive.Note: 將來(lái)時(shí)（第一人稱(chēng)）將要、會(huì)2. _Shall_ I open the window for you?3. Lets go to the cinema tonight, _shall_we?Note: （在問(wèn)句中表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或提出建議，用于第一、三人稱(chēng)）好么V. should & ought to1. We hoped that we _should_

14、be able to do that.Note: 用于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)2. You _should/ought to_ be more careful next time.3. _Should_ I call him and apologize?Note: (表示建議、勸告、命令、要求) 應(yīng)該，必須 （ought to 語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)）4. Its 4:30. They _should_ be in New York by now.Note: (表示說(shuō)話者根據(jù)一定的依據(jù)猜測(cè)、推測(cè)、推論等)該，可能5. You _should have told_(tell) me earlier about it, but

15、 you didnt.6. You _shouldnt have done_ (do) that to your mother, but you did.Note: 過(guò)去按理該而實(shí)際沒(méi)有（常有責(zé)備、埋怨、惋惜之意）VI. will1. He _will_ come back soon.Note: 將來(lái)時(shí)2. I hope you _will_ succeed.3. I _will_ do my best to help you.Note: （表意愿、決心、承諾）要、愿、想、會(huì)、保證4. When he is in trouble, he _will_ turn to his coach for

16、 help.5. I _will_ turn you out of doors if you dont keep quiet.Note: 狀語(yǔ)從句VII. would1. He told us that he _would_ meet us at the airport.Note: 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)2. -_Would_ you mind my smoking?-Yes, _please dont. /Youd better not. _.-No, _go ahead_Note: 提出請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)（委婉）3. I _would_ like to see a film tonight.4. I _wou

17、ld_ rather not leave you here.5. _Would _ you please _not smoke_(not smoke) here?Note: 意愿、決心、喜歡等6. He _would_ be delighted if I went to see him.7. If you had come earlier, you _would have seen_(see) him.Note: 條件句（虛擬）8. When he was young, he _would_often _walk_ (walk) in these woods. Note: （表過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常

18、性的行為或動(dòng)作）總是VIII. need (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去式)Note: 1) need 作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化 2) need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只能用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化 need sth dont need sth Do need sth ? need to do dont need to do Do need to do ? neednt do Need do ?1. He _needs to_(go) there now.2. He _need not/ doesnt need to go_ (not go) there now.3. -_Need_/

19、Does _he _go_/need to go_(go) there now?- Yes, he _must_/does_.-No, he _neednt_/doesnt_.4. He needs to finish the work by Friday, _doesnt_ he?5. He neednt stay there, _need_ he?6. He _neednt have given_ (not give) her so much money at the time, and now he regrets it.Note: neednt have done過(guò)去本不必做卻做了ne

20、ed doing & need to be done7. I _need to_ (repair) the computer.The computer _needs repairing_.(repair)The computer _needs to be repaired_(repair)IX. dare （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式dared）Note: 1) dare作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化 2) dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只能用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化, 但有過(guò)去時(shí)。 dare to do dont dare to do Do dare to do ? dare not

21、do Daredo ?1. He _dares to say_(say) what he thinks.2. He _dare not say_/doesnt dare to say_(not say) what he thinks.3. -_Dare_/Does _he _say_/dare to say_(say) what he thinks?-Yes, he _dare/ does_.-No, he _dare not/ doesnt_.4. How _dare_ you say(say) so? 5. I _dare_ you _to climb_(climb) the tree.N

22、ote: dare sb. to do sth.諒某人也不敢做某事6. I _dare say_(say) things will improve. Note: I dare say我敢說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為，很可能，恐怕補(bǔ)充：1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表猜測(cè)時(shí)，不同的“肯定”程度依次排列如下：l He is at home. ( 事實(shí) ） l He must be at home.（ 非常可能） l He should be at home.（ 很可能 ） l He may be at home.（ 僅僅可能 ） l He might be at home.（ 或許 ） l He isnt at home.（ 事實(shí) ）

23、 l He cant be home.（ 接近肯定 ） l He couldnt be at home.（ 不及 cant 肯定 ） l He may not be at home. （ 可能 ，但不肯定 ） l He might not be at home.（ 不及 may 肯定 ）。2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done could have done （本能做而沒(méi)做） cant / couldnt have done （不可能已經(jīng)做了）must have done （肯定已經(jīng)）may/might have done (可能已經(jīng)做了)might not have done （不太可能已經(jīng)）should have done (本應(yīng)該而沒(méi)做)shouldnt have done（本不應(yīng)當(dāng)做而做了）neednt have done（本沒(méi)必要而做了）1. Why did you stay at a