MATLAB英文翻譯

1、Teaching Electronics with MATLAB John Okyere Attia Department of Electrical Engineering Prairie View A&M University P.0. Box 397, Prairie View, Texas 77446 Abstract：MATLAB is a numeric computation software for engineering and scientific calculations.MATLAB is being used to teach circuit theory,f

2、ilter design,random processes,control system and communication theory.MATLABmatrix functions are shown to be versatile in doing analysis of data obtained from electronics experiments.The graphical features of MATLAB are especially useful for display of frequency response of ampl$ers and illustrating

3、 the principles and concepts of semiconductor physics.17ze interactive programming and versatile graphics of MATLAB is especially effective in exploring some of the characteristics of devices and electronic circuits. Introduction The electrical engineering program at Prairie View A&M University

4、has integrated computer-aided engineering (CAE) and computer-aided design (CAD) packages in its curriculum.Two of the popular software packages that is used in the department are MATLAB and PSPICE. The aims of incorporating the packages into the curriculum are (i) to enhance the theoretical understa

5、nding of engineering principles and concepts, (ii) to allow students to solve fairly complex problems that would otherwise be impossible without CAE and CAD packages.In addition, we want to introduce our students to software programs that they will use after graduation. Whereas, SPICE is de facto un

6、iversity and industry standard for analog circuit simulation,and it is indispensable for simulating medium-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits, there are cases where the use of MATLAB supplements the capabilities of SPICE.This paper describes some areas in electronics where MATLAB have be

7、en used to teach electronics to undergraduate electrical engineering students. Matlab MATLAB is a numeric computation software for engineering and scientific calculations. MATLAB is primarily a tool for matrix computationsl.MATLAB is a high level language whose basic data type is a matrix that does

8、not require dimensioning.There is no compilation and linking of programs as it is normally done in other high level languages,such as C or FORTRAN.In MATLAB, all computations are done in complex valued double precision arithmetic to guarantee high accuracy. MATLAB has a rich set of plotting capabili

9、ties. The graphics are integrated into MATLAB.Since MATLAB is also a programming environment, a user can extend the functional capabilities of MATLAB by writing new modules.MATLAB has a large collection of toolboxes for variety of applications. A toolbox consists of functions that can be used to per

10、form some computations in the toolbox domain. Some examples of MATLAB toolboxes are: signal processing, image processing, neural network, control system, statistics,symbolic mathematics,optimization and system identification.MATLAB is being used to teach filter design 2, random processes 3, control

11、systems 4, communication theory 5,and circuit analysis6,7. Circuit SimulatorSPICE SPICE is one of the most successful circuit simulation programs. Its widespread usage attests to the applicability of the program to large variety of circuit simulation problems. SPICE utilizes modified nodal analysis

12、approach. It can be used for non-linear dc,non-linear transient and linear ac analysis problems.It can also be used to perform noise analysis,temperature analysis, Monte-Carlo analysis. One of the advantages of SPICE is its inclusion of device models for active devices such as dicde, BJT, JFET, and

13、MOSFBT8 Electronic Courses at Prairie View A&M University In the dcpartment of Electrical Engineering at Prairie View A&M University,there are three required electronics courses:Physical Electronics, Electronics I and Electronics II.In Physical Electronics, we cover the basic laws of electro

14、n motion,behavior of charges in solids, semiconductor device physics, device behavior in DC circuits. In Electronics I, the following topics are discussed: operational amplifier, diodes, field effect transistors, bipolar junction transistors, analysis and design of linear ampaers, biasing, small and

15、 large signal behavior.The following topics are covered in Electronics II:Design and analysis of multistage amplifiers,difference amplifiers,fkequency response of amplifiers,feedbackconcepts, analysis and design using discrete and integratedcircuits.In addition,to the three course, the department ha

16、s a course, Electronics Laboratory, which covers topics in Electronics I and II. Examples of the Use of MATLAB in Electronics 1. Frequency Response of umpliJers &filters For simple electronic circuits, the transfer function can be found.MATLAB can then be used to obtain the poles and zeros of th

17、e circuit.For example, for an electronic circuit with the transfer function The MATLAB function roots can be used to determine the roots of a polynomial.The poles and zeros of the circuit can be plotted using the MATLAB function zplane.The function polyvd is used for polynomial evaluation.The functi

18、on freqs can easily be used to obtain the ftequency response. The versatile nature of MATLAB allows "what-? analysis.In addition, the graphical features of MATLAB help students to learn the type of amplifier (direct-coupled,RC-coupled, tuned) or filter (lowpass, highpass, bandreject, bandpass)

19、obtained Erom various transfer functions and circuits. 2. Analysis of Simple Diode Circuits Both MATLAB and SPICE can be used to analyze simple diode circuits. MATLAB can be used to obtain the diode current and voltage using iterative technique 9. In addition,for rectifiers with filter capacitor, MA

20、TLAB can be used to solve the transcendental equations needed to obtain the turn-on, turn-off time and hence, the conduction time of the diode. For battery charging circuit9, the fraction of time the diode conducts and the peak value of diode current can be examined under different conditions using

21、MATLAB. 3. Analysis of Electronics Laboratory Data Data obtained from electronic devices can be analyzed using MATLAEL In one of the electronics laboratory sessions, the students obtain the corresponding values of the current passing through and voltage across a diode.They use MATLAB (i) to plot the

22、 semiconductor diode i-v characteristics, (ii) to determine the reverse saturation current and diode empirical constant. The MATLAB functions that have been found useful in electronic data analysis are: diff,colon operator, save, load. 4. Illustrating semiconductor device concepts and device charact

23、erization We are using MATLAB to determine the electron concentration in bulk silicon as a function of temperature, to obtain the majority and minority carriers in a semiconductor device at various doping concentrations,to describe the effect of doping concentration on both electron and hole mobilit

24、ies. For pn junctions, MATLAB is very useful in illustrating the depletion capacitance vs. junction potential;and the breakdown voltage vs.doping concentration.The interactive nature of MAW, its immediate graphing facilities and built-in functions are especially useful in reinforcement of student un

25、derstanding of semiconductor fundamentals. Comparison of MATLAB Electronics and SPICE for Both MATLAB and SPICE are currently being used for teaching electronics at Prairie View A&M University. There are other universities that are using both MATLAB and SPICE in their electrical engineering curr

26、iculum l0.SPICE can simulate small to very large electronic circuits. MATLAB is more suited to analyzing small circuits.SPICE package include device models. Device models are not part of MATLAB.Poles and zeros can easily be obtained using MATLAB. At present, SPICE does not have the facility for dete

27、rmining poles and zeros of circuits. The computational and graphical nature of MATLAB are well-suited for describing the characteristics of extrinsic and intrinsic semiconductors. SPICE program was not written to describe the characteristics of semiconductor materials.Whereas SPICE can display the i

28、- v characteristics of pn junctions,the depletion capacitance as a function of junction potential, the breakdown voltage of pn junction with respect to doping concentration,and other junction Characteristics can be handled by more easily by MATLAB than by SPICE.Table 1 summarizes the strengths and l

29、imitations of the two packages with respect to teaching electronics. Features SPICEMATLABType of Circuits foAnalysis small to veIy large circuits small circuitsFrequency Response yesyesInclusion of Device Model in Software Package yesnoDetermination and plot of poles and zeros noyesBulk Semiconducto

30、rCharacteristics noyespn junction characteristics - excluding I-v characteristics noyesReaction from Students MATLAB has been used in our program for the past four years.The students find MATLAB easy to learn. This can be attributed to its extensive tutorials,on-line help, interactive nature and ver

31、satile graphics.The response of students who use MATLAB in electronics and other electrical engineering courses has been positive. Students remark that (i) MATLAB reinforces their understanding of theoretical principles and (ii) increases their interest in the subject matter.Conclusions Areas in ele

32、ctronics where MATLAB can be used to teach electronics principles and concepts to electrical engineering students are discussed.MATLAB has been used to examine the frequency response of mplifias and filters. The versatile nature of MATLAB allows "what-if'' analysis that can be used to s

33、trengthen students understanding of electronics.MATLAB is useful in analyzing data obtained fiom electronics laboratory experiments.In addition, it has been found that the interactive nature of MATLAB and its immediate graphing facilities are especially useful in enhancing the understanding of conce

34、pts and principles of semiconductor fundamentals. Furthermore, MATLAB and SPICE are compared with respect to teaching electronics References 1 Etter, D.M. "Engineering Problem Solving using MAW" Prentice Hall, 1993. 2 Burms, C.S. "Teaching Filter Design using MAIZAB', ICASSP, Vol.

35、 1, pp. 20 - 23, 1993. 3 Kirlin, R.L. and Hedstrom, B.A. "A Computer- Oriented Random Processes Course for a Mix of Graduates and Undergraduates" ICASSP, Vol. 1, pp. 24 - 27,1993. 4 Ogata, K. "Solving Control Engineering Problems with MAIZAB" Prentice Hall, 1994. 5 Attia, J.O. &q

36、uot;Teaching Communication %oly Using MAZZAB" 1995 Engineering and Architecture Symposium, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas, pp. 435 -440, Jan. 30 - 31,1995. 6 Gottling, J.G. "Matrix Analysis of Circuits Using MAIZAB",Prentice Hall, 1995. 7 Attia, J.O. "Teachi

37、ng AC Circuit Analysis with MAZAB", Proc. of Frontiers in Education, 25th Annual Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, pp. 2c6.9 - 26.12, 1995. 8 Vladimirescu, A. "% Spice Book " John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1994. 9 Sedra, AS. and Smith, K.C. "Microelectronic Circuits 'I,Saunders Colleg

38、e Publishing, 1991. 10 Azemi, A. and Yaz, E.E. "Pspice and MAW in Undergraduate and Graduate Electrical Engineering ",Proc. of Frontiers in Education, 24th Annual Conference, pp. 456 - 459,1994. 譯文：教學(xué)電子,用MATLAB摘要：matlab是一種數(shù)值計算軟件，matlab環(huán)境工程與科學(xué)計算存在用于教育、濾波器設(shè)計電路理論、隨機過程,控制系統(tǒng)和通信理論.matlab矩陣函數(shù)的結(jié)果做

39、分析的多功能電子實驗得到的數(shù)據(jù)。matlab的圖形特征顯示是非常有用的激光束的頻率響應(yīng)放大器和說明應(yīng)遵循的原則及半導(dǎo)體物理概念。這互動的設(shè)計和最多才多藝的圖形的matlab探求一些特別有效的設(shè)備、電子電路的特點。介紹：電氣工程項目,在大草原的觀點農(nóng)工大學(xué)的計算機輔助工程為一體(CAE)和計算機輔助設(shè)計(CAD)包裹在它的課程。兩種流行的軟件用于MATLAB和PSPICE部。 這目的結(jié)合包到課程(1)來提高工程的理論認識基本原則和理念,(2)讓學(xué)生來解決公平復(fù)雜的問題,否則是不可能的沒有CAE及CAD軟件包。此外,我們想去的地方介紹我們的學(xué)生,他們西城il軟件程序畢業(yè)后使用。應(yīng)遵循的原則及半導(dǎo)體

40、物理概念。這互動的設(shè)計和最多才多藝的圖形的matlab探求一些特別有效的設(shè)備、電子電路的特點。然而,SPICE實際上就是大學(xué)和業(yè)界標準的模擬電路的仿真,模擬為研究對象,它是不可缺少的中、非常大規(guī)模集成電路,有案例中,利用MATLAB的補充能力的SPICE。介紹了MATLAB在電子在一些地區(qū)已被用來教電子電氣工程專業(yè)的本科學(xué)生。Matlab MATLAB是一種數(shù)值計算軟件的工程和科學(xué)計算。首先是一種工具MATLAB計算1.矩陣MATLAB是一種高級語言的基本數(shù)據(jù)類型的矩陣表示不需要尺寸。沒有編譯和鏈接的程序,通常都是在做其它高級語言,如C或FORTRAN語言。在MATLAB環(huán)境下,所有被做在復(fù)雜

41、的價值計算雙精度算術(shù),保證較高的計算精度。MATLAB有豐富的策劃能力。MATLAB的圖形都納入。自從MATLAB也是一種編程環(huán)境,用戶可以擴展功能能力的MATLAB通過寫作新的模塊。MATLAB收藏了大量的工具箱各種不同的應(yīng)用。工具箱包括功能這可以用來做一些計算的工具箱的領(lǐng)域。用MATLAB工具欄里的一些例子有:信號處理、圖像處理、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),控制系統(tǒng)、統(tǒng)計學(xué)、象征性的數(shù)學(xué),優(yōu)化和系統(tǒng)識別。MATLAB是被用來教濾波器設(shè)計2,3、隨機過程控制系統(tǒng)45,通信理論和電路分析6,7電路模擬器SPICE SPICE是其中一個最成功的電路特性的模擬程序。它的廣泛使用表明中的適用性這個程序,以品種繁多的電

42、路特性的模擬問題。利用改進節(jié)點分析方法,SPICE。它可以用于非線性直流、非線性瞬態(tài)和線性交流分析問題。它也可以被用來執(zhí)行的噪音分析、溫度分析,用蒙特卡羅分析。一個的好處是它所包含的SPICE裝置模型為活躍的設(shè)備,如二極管,BJT,JFET,MOSFET8在電子課程觀農(nóng)工草原大學(xué) 在電機工程學(xué)系的草原觀點農(nóng)工大學(xué),有三個要求電子課程:物理電子、電子我和電子II。在物理電子學(xué),我們涵蓋電子運動的基本規(guī)律、行為的指控中固體顆粒,半導(dǎo)體器件物理,裝置的行為在DC電路中。在電子產(chǎn)品1中，下列主題討論:運算放大器、二極管、場效應(yīng)晶體管、雙相性精神晶體管、分析和設(shè)計線性放大器,偏倚,小的和大的信號的行為。

43、下列主題包含了在電子II:設(shè)計和分析的多極放大器、差異放大器、頻率響應(yīng)的功放,反饋概念,分析和設(shè)計中離散和綜合電路中。此外,對三個課程,司法部已經(jīng)一個課程,電子實驗室,它涉及的話題電子I和II欄目中。在電子中利用MATLAB的例子1. 放大器、濾波器的頻率響應(yīng)對于簡單的電子電路、傳遞函數(shù)即可發(fā)現(xiàn)。MATLAB可以被用來獲取兩極和零點的電路。例如,為一種電子電路用傳遞函數(shù)的MATLAB函數(shù)根可以用來決定的一個多項式的根。這個電路的極點和零點利用MATLAB函數(shù)標準zplane。 這polyval多項式函數(shù)是用來評估。這功能freqs可以很容易的被用來獲取的頻率反應(yīng)。多樣性的本質(zhì)決定了MATLAB

44、允許“什么- ? ?分析。此外,MATLAB的圖形特征幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)類型的放大器(優(yōu)點,RC-耦合,調(diào)諧濾波器()或低通、高通、bandreject,通帶)獲得了從各種各樣的傳遞函數(shù)和電路中。2. 簡單的二極管電路分析MATLAB和SPICE都可以用于分析簡單的二極管電路。MATLAB可以被用來獲取使用二極管電流和電壓迭代技術(shù)9。在還與濾波電容器、MATLAB整流器用于解決,需要獲得超越方程在導(dǎo)通時,轉(zhuǎn)彎時間,因此,傳導(dǎo)時間的二極管。為電池充電電路9,的一小部分二極管進行時間和峰值的二極管電流可以研究不同條件下使用MATLAB的特點。3. 分析電子實驗室數(shù)據(jù) 電子設(shè)備所獲得的資料用分析MATLA

45、B于一體的電子產(chǎn)品實驗課程,學(xué)生們獲得相應(yīng)價值觀的電流和電壓穿過一個通過二極管。他們使用MATLAB(1)繪制半導(dǎo)體器件二極管電流-電壓特性,(2)來確定反轉(zhuǎn)飽和電流和二極管經(jīng)驗常數(shù)。這MATLAB函數(shù)就已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)是很有用的電子數(shù)據(jù)分析:差別、結(jié)腸算子,保存,負荷。4. 說明半導(dǎo)體器件的概念和器件特性分析我們正在用MATLAB來確定電子散裝硅濃度為溫度的函數(shù)獲得多數(shù),少數(shù)載流子在半導(dǎo)體中在各種各樣的摻雜濃度裝置,來描述的效果摻雜濃度和空穴遷移率。為pn路口,MATLAB是非常有用的,在說明電容vs.損耗;交界處潛力擊穿電壓vs.摻雜濃度?；幼匀坏腗 W,它的直接觀看較長周期的設(shè)施和內(nèi)建函數(shù)是

46、特別有用的強化學(xué)生的理解半導(dǎo)體的基本面。MATLAB和SPICE的比較,為電子產(chǎn)品MATLAB和SPICE都正在用于教學(xué)實踐電子在草原觀點農(nóng)工大學(xué)。有其他的大學(xué),他們利用兩者都有MATLAB和SPICE在他們的電氣工程專業(yè)課程10。SPICE可以模擬小到非常大電子電路。MATLAB是更適合于分析小的電路。SPICE包包括裝置模型。裝置模型并沒有參加MATLAB的特點。極點和零點獲得了用MATLAB可以很容易的。目前,SPICE沒有設(shè)施為確定極點和零點的電路中。計算和圖形的本質(zhì)MATLAB是配描述特征外在和內(nèi)在的半導(dǎo)體。SPICE計劃不是寫來描述的半導(dǎo)體材料特征。而SPICE可以顯示iv特點的耗

47、竭pn路口,電容一個函數(shù)的交界處的潛力,晶體管的擊穿電壓的pn結(jié)合對摻雜濃度,以及其他交界處的特性可以由更容易byMA "實驗室要比用香料。表1總結(jié)的長處及限制這兩個軟件包對教學(xué)電子產(chǎn)品。表1 MATLAB和SPICE的特點特征SPICEMATLAB類型電路的分析小到非常大電路小電路頻率響應(yīng)是是夾雜物的設(shè)備模型在軟件包裝是否決心和情節(jié)的波蘭人和零點否是散裝半導(dǎo)體特點否是pn結(jié)特征-不含電流-電壓特點否是從學(xué)生的反應(yīng)MATLAB程序已被用于我們的過去的四年。學(xué)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)MATLAB很容易學(xué)。這主要歸因于其大規(guī)模的教程,在線幫助,交互性、多才多藝的圖形。變化的響應(yīng)學(xué)生使用MATLAB在電子及其他電氣工程相關(guān)課程的做法持肯定的態(tài)度。學(xué)生說他們理解的MATLAB(