大學(xué)英語語法被動(dòng)態(tài)

1、被動(dòng)態(tài)被動(dòng)態(tài)（一）（一）主主動(dòng)動(dòng)態(tài)態(tài)與與被被動(dòng)動(dòng)態(tài)態(tài)詞詞組組動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞被被動(dòng)動(dòng)態(tài)態(tài)非非限限定定動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞被被動(dòng)動(dòng)態(tài)態(tài)主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則(以句型的方式）以句型的方式）1.SVO結(jié)構(gòu)：*帶否定情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 People mustnt leave bikes in the hall.= Bikes must not be left .2.SVoO結(jié)構(gòu)：轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)可以直賓或間賓做主語，但直賓做主語比較常見。3.SVOC結(jié)構(gòu)：一般規(guī)律。主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則（以時(shí)態(tài)的方式）主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則（以時(shí)態(tài)的方式）主動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句主詞主詞過去式動(dòng)詞過去式動(dòng)詞受詞受詞被動(dòng)句被動(dòng)句主詞

2、主詞was/ were+ p.p+by受詞受詞過去式主動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句主詞主詞Will+動(dòng)詞原型動(dòng)詞原型受詞受詞被動(dòng)句被動(dòng)句主詞主詞Will be+ p.p+by受詞受詞將來式主動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句主詞主詞Has/have + p.p受詞受詞被動(dòng)句被動(dòng)句主詞主詞Has/have been +p.p + by受詞受詞現(xiàn)在完成式關(guān)于by有時(shí)為了避免中途變更主語，不得不用被動(dòng)句而把施動(dòng)者置于有時(shí)為了避免中途變更主語，不得不用被動(dòng)句而把施動(dòng)者置于by-詞組中。詞組中。He arrived at London where he was met by his friend.如前所述，當(dāng)主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，有時(shí)用如前所述，

3、當(dāng)主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，有時(shí)用by-by-詞組，有時(shí)不用，這是詞組，有時(shí)不用，這是有多種因素決定的。有多種因素決定的。 一般說來，當(dāng)一般說來，當(dāng)施動(dòng)者為誰不太清楚、不甚重要或施動(dòng)者為誰不太清楚、不甚重要或不愿說出來時(shí)，通常不用不愿說出來時(shí)，通常不用by-by-詞組詞組但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)施動(dòng)者，則須用但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)施動(dòng)者，則須用by-by-詞組。詞組。Hamlet was written by Shakespeare有時(shí)，由于主語太長(zhǎng)，不得不用被動(dòng)句而把施有時(shí)，由于主語太長(zhǎng)，不得不用被動(dòng)句而把施動(dòng)者置于動(dòng)者置于by-by-詞組中。詞組中。The picture was painted by a ver

4、y good friendof mine whom Id like you to meet sometime.主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句相互轉(zhuǎn)換的限制性主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句相互轉(zhuǎn)換的限制性賓語的限定1、當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞、相互代詞或具有類似相互代詞的關(guān)系時(shí)。 Each should help the other. 2、當(dāng)賓語前有指主語的屬格代詞（形容詞性物主代詞）時(shí)。 The little boy washes his face every morning. 3、當(dāng)賓語是同源賓語時(shí)。 She smiled a sweet smile. 4、當(dāng)賓語是動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。 Many students enjoy p

5、laying football. 5、當(dāng)賓語表示地點(diǎn)或處所時(shí)。 The brave man swam the wide river. 6、賓語為不表示實(shí)意的不定代詞時(shí)We will battle it together動(dòng)詞的限制動(dòng)詞的限制1、表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞become， fail(缺少)， hold(容納)， have(有)， lack(缺少)， last(持久、夠.用)， posses(擁有)， resemble (類似)，suit ， want，lack 2、有一些詞具有原詞義以外的新意思時(shí) (1).實(shí)義動(dòng)詞have表示“知道、明白、患病、吃飯等意思時(shí)不能用被動(dòng)。 He has no

6、French.（2）cost表示“犧牲”、owe表示“欠、應(yīng)付給” take表示“懂得、知道” get His careless driving cost him his life . 3、及物動(dòng)詞和其賓語構(gòu)成了一個(gè)不可分割的短語時(shí) He went to cinema to kill time with some of his friends. 詞組動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)詞組動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)1.1.一般詞組動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)一般詞組動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài) “動(dòng)詞+介詞” “動(dòng)詞+副詞小品詞” “動(dòng)詞+副詞小品詞+介詞” 三種形式2.“動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+名詞名詞+介詞介詞”的被動(dòng)態(tài)的被動(dòng)態(tài)把整個(gè)詞組動(dòng)詞當(dāng)作一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞處理 He t

7、ook great care of his books. 主 動(dòng) 賓 His books were taken great care of. 主 動(dòng)把詞組動(dòng)詞看作把詞組動(dòng)詞看作“動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+ +賓語賓語+ +介詞詞組介詞詞組”結(jié)構(gòu)處理結(jié)構(gòu)處理 He took great care of his books. 主 動(dòng) 賓 Great care was taken of his books. 主 動(dòng) 采用第二種形式時(shí)要把整個(gè)介詞詞采用第二種形式時(shí)要把整個(gè)介詞詞 組放到被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的后面去組放到被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的后面去。They had made a mess of the house.1.The house

8、 had been made a mess of.2.A mess had been made of the house.并不是所有此類動(dòng)詞都有兩種變化方式并不是所有此類動(dòng)詞都有兩種變化方式Mary realized that they were making fun of her.Mary realized that she was being made fun of.We must put an end to this state of things as soon as possible.This state of things must been put an end as soon

9、as possible.非限定動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)非限定動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài) 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)1.*get- 型被動(dòng)態(tài) It was nasty for Mary to get hurt.2.在有些場(chǎng)合，即可用不定式的主動(dòng)態(tài)，也也用不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài)There is so much work to do/ to be done.3.有時(shí)在there + be結(jié)構(gòu) 不定式用主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)是不同的There was nothing to see. 沒什么可看的There was nothing to be seen. 要看的東西不在這里4.在以下場(chǎng)合，