職稱英語基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)5

1、大題 1: 詞匯選項(xiàng) ,在每道題的句子里都有一個加底線的詞或短語， 請?jiān)谒膫€選項(xiàng)中找出與加底線的詞或短語意義最相近的一項(xiàng)。 1.  Philip Roth was hailed as a major author in 1960.A.  published B.  challenged C.  acclaimed D.  guided 正確的答案是: C 答案解釋:hail和acclain意思相近，表示“向歡呼”，“將擁戴為”。又如：He was acclaimed as Britains greatest modem painter他被贊譽(yù)為

2、英國最偉大的現(xiàn)代畫家。challenge：挑戰(zhàn)。challenge his theory：向他的理論挑戰(zhàn)。publish：出版。guide：指導(dǎo)。 2.  He was one of the principal organizers of the association.A.  planners B.  employees C.  actors D.  recipients 正確的答案是: A 答案解釋:principal orgainzer：主要組織者。planner：組織者，策劃者。employee：雇員。actor：演員。recipien

3、t：接受者。如：She is a welfare recipient她是接受福利救濟(jì)的人。 3.  It is postulated that population increase has strong effect on economic fluctuations.A.  challenged B.  assumed C.  deducted D.  decreed 正確的答案是: B 答案解釋:postulate：假定。與assume (設(shè)想；假定)意思相近。I assume you dont driveMrJones?瓊斯先生，我想你不

4、會開車吧? challenge：挑戰(zhàn)。His authority was challenged他的權(quán)威性受到了挑戰(zhàn) deduct：減去。Tax will be deducted automatically from your wages稅會自動從你工資中扣除。decree：頒布(法令、政令)。The minister decreed that there would be a full investigation over this matter部長下令，將對此進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查。 4.  This kind of animals are on the verge of extinctio

5、n, because so many are being killed for their fur.A.  drying up B.  dying out C.  being exported D.  being transplanted 正確的答案是: B 答案解釋:extinction：滅絕，絕跡。與die out(絕種)意思相近。The giant panda is in danger of dying out大熊貓面臨絕種的危險(xiǎn)。dry up：擦干。Let me wash up these plates and you dry them up我來

6、洗盤子，你來把它們擦干。export：出口。Many bicycles are exported each year. 每年都有許多自行車出口到國外。transplant：移植，遷移。Many vegetables were trartsplanted to the north，growing in the greenhouse許多種蔬菜移植到了北方，在溫室里生長。 5.  The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were.A.  slow B.  noisy C.  sud

7、den D.  jumpy 正確的答案是: C 答案解釋:abrupt : 突然的。Following an abrupt change of the topic，we started to complain about the quality of food.話題突然一轉(zhuǎn)，我們開始抱怨飯菜的質(zhì)量。sudden與abrupt的意思近似：突然的。slow：慢。noisy：吵人的。jumpy：跳動的；神經(jīng)過敏的。 She seemed very jump recently . 她最近情緒很不穩(wěn)定。 6.  During the Second World War, all imp

8、ortant resources in the U.S. were allocated by the Federal Government.A.  nationalized B.  commandeered C.  taxed D.  distributed 正確的答案是: D 答案解釋:allocate：分配，撥給。distribute：分發(fā)，分布。Distribute the pictures among the children，will you?請把圖片發(fā)給孩子們，好嗎?nationalize：國有化。The govemment decided

9、to nationalize the railways and the mines政府決定將鐵路和礦山國有化。commandeer：征用。They were afraid that their land would be commandeered他們害怕土地會被征用。tax：征稅。Cigarettes in this country are heavily taxed這個國家對香煙征很高的稅。 7.  The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on it

10、s bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.A.  very strong B.  very long C.  very great D.  very fast 正確的答案是: A 答案解釋:mighty：強(qiáng)大的，強(qiáng)有力的。We are dealing with forces that are mightier than ourselves我們正在應(yīng)付強(qiáng)于我們的勢力。strong：強(qiáng)壯的。long：長的。great：大的，偉大的。fast：快的。 8.  The stories of Sar

11、ah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte.A.  elegantly B.  genuinely C.  intentionally D.  thoroughly 正確的答案是: B 答案解釋:authentic：真的，真正的。an authentic manuscript：一部真正的原稿。genuine：真的，真正的。gloves made of genuine leather：真皮手套。elegant

12、：優(yōu)雅的，漂亮的。intentional：故意的，有意識的。thorough：徹底的，仔細(xì)周到的。 9.  The number of United States citizens who are eligible to vote continue to increase.A.  encouraged B.  enforced C.  expected D.  entitled 正確的答案是: D 答案解釋:eligible：有資格的。Those who have a mountain bike are eligible to ioin the

13、 club擁有山地自行車的人有資格加入此俱樂部。entitle：給權(quán)利(或資格)。be entitled to：有權(quán)(或資格)。Everyone is entitled to receive education人人都有受教育的權(quán)利。注意：be entitled to中的to既可能是不定式的to，也可能是介詞to。也就是說整個短語除可跟動詞原形外，也可以跟名詞短語。如：Every child in Britain is entitled to free education英國的每個孩子都有權(quán)享受免費(fèi)教育。encouraged：此處是encourage(鼓勵)的過去分詞形式。The childre

14、n are encouraged to go in for more sports孩子們受到參加更多體育運(yùn)動的鼓勵。expected：此處是expect(期望)的過去分詞形式。We are expected to finish the job before six他們期望我們6點(diǎn)鐘之前做完這項(xiàng)工作。 10.  Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A.  stated firmly B. &

15、#160;argued light mindedly C.  thought seriously D.  announced regrettably 正確的答案是: A 答案解釋:asserted：宣稱，斷言。與stated firmly(堅(jiān)定地說)意思相近。argued lightmindedlv： 輕率地爭辯。thought seriously：嚴(yán)肅地認(rèn)為。announced regrettably：令人遺憾地宣布。美洲(America)包括北美洲，中美洲和南美洲。 11.  Smoking is not permitted in the office.A.

16、 probable B.  possible C.  admitted D.  allowed 正確的答案是: D 答案解釋:permit：允許。allow：允許。They shouldnt allow parking in the street；its too narrow他們不該允許在街道上停車，街道太窄了。probable：很可能。It is probable that it will rain tomorrow明天很可能下雨。possible：可能的。Is such a thing possible?這樣的事有可能發(fā)生嗎?admit：承認(rèn)。I&#

17、39;m willing to admit that I do make mistakes我愿意承認(rèn)我確實(shí)會犯錯。 12.  The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.A.  stated B.  declared C.  suggested D.  announced 正確的答案是: C 答案解釋:propose：建議；提議。suggest：建議。She suggested that he should adapt himself to his new conditions她建

18、議他應(yīng)適應(yīng)新的情況。state：陳述，宣布。Youll have to state what exactly these terms mean你須說明這些術(shù)語的確切意思是什么。declare：宣布。She declared that she didnt want to see him again她宣布不想再見到他。announce：宣布。They annonnced that she would give an extra song他們宣布她會再唱一支歌。 13.  I feel regret about what's happened.A.  sorry B. &

19、#160;disappointed C.  shameful D.  disheartened 正確的答案是: A 答案解釋:regret：feel regret about sth對感到懊悔。sorry：后悔的。The manager had said that he was sorry and there was nothing he could do about it經(jīng)理說過他很遺憾，對此他沒有什么辦法。I'm sorry to be late對不起，我來晚了。disappointed：失望的。Thev were very disappointed at th

20、e outcome of the talks他們對會議的結(jié)果深感失望。shameful：可恥的，不光彩的。To steal money from a blind person is a shameful act偷盲人的錢是可恥的行為。disheartened：泄氣。She is easily disheartened by difficulties面對困難，她很容易泄氣。 14.  She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis.A.  lived on B.  depended on C.  l

21、ived off D.  believed in 正確的答案是: B 答案解釋:rely on：依靠。depend on：依靠，依賴. The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade小鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)主要依靠旅游業(yè)。live on：靠生活。They iive on vegetarian food他們以素食為生。live off"靠生活。She still lives offherparents她仍靠父母養(yǎng)活。believe in：對有信心。If you believe in yourself you can succeed如果

22、你相信自己，你就會取得成功。 15.  John removed his overcoat.A.  took away B.  left aside C.  took off D.  washed off 正確的答案是: C 答案解釋:remove：脫掉；去掉。take off"脫掉，拿下。She took offher spectacles她摘下了眼鏡。take away：拿去，剝奪。They are going to take my citizenship away他們將剝奪我的公民資格。leave aside：擱置。Lets l

23、eave aside the matter for a moment讓我們暫且把此事擱一擱。wash off"把洗掉。Wash these dirty marks offthe wall把墻上的這些污點(diǎn)洗掉。 大題 2: 語法選擇 ,請?jiān)谙铝羞x項(xiàng)中選出正確答案。 16.  _ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed.A.  Seeing B.  To see C.  See D.  Seen 正確的答案是: A

24、答案解釋:非謂語動詞see構(gòu)成的短語與句子的主語I即其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，用在句首，中間與句子用逗號分開，表示伴隨情況，用作伴隨狀語，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。 17.  I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A.  to be breathed B.  to breathe C.  breathing D.  being breathed 正確的答案是: B 答案解釋:在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)表語形容詞為good, light,heavy, difficu

25、lt等時，其后常用不定式作狀語，表示時間，原因，結(jié)果等，且常用主動形式表示被動意義，因此選B。此處為特殊情況。 18.  -Did the book give the information you needed? -Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. A.  to find B.  find C.  to be finding D.  finding 正確的答案是: A 答案解釋:非謂語動詞短語與主句之間用逗號隔開，作狀語。根據(jù)句意：為了找到需要的信息，我不得不看完整本書的內(nèi)容，表示目的

26、。不定式常在句首作目的狀語，且此處不表示動作正在進(jìn)行，因此用一般式，選A。 19.  Is Bob still performing? I'm afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official A.  to have left B.  to leave C.  to have been left D.  to be left 正確的答案是: A 答案解釋:非謂語動詞leave作主語he的補(bǔ)足語；邏輯主語是“he”，與動詞“l(fā)eave”為主動關(guān)系，

27、因此可排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句意，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語“he”在“is said”之前已經(jīng)離開了舞臺，故應(yīng)該用完成式，可排除B項(xiàng)，正確答案A。 20.  _ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A.  Being separated B.  Having separated C.  Having been separated D.  To be

28、 separated 正確的答案是: C 答案解釋:非謂語動詞在句中作狀語；邏輯主語是“Australia”，與動詞“separate”為被動關(guān)系，排除B項(xiàng)；“separate”是主句謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生的原因，發(fā)生在之前，所以要用完成式，A、D項(xiàng)可排除，正確答案C。 21.  _ automatically the e-mail will be received by all the club members.A.  Mailed out B.  Mailing out C.  To be mailed out D.  Having mailed out 正確的答案是: A 答案解釋:非謂語動詞作方式狀語，排除C項(xiàng)（不定式表目的）；邏輯主語“the e-mail”與動詞“mail”為被動關(guān)系，排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，正確答案A。 22.  While watching television, _.A.  the doorbell rang B.  the doorbell rings C.  we heard the doorbell ring D.  w