句子成分專題(帶答案)

1、戴氏教育達(dá)州西外校區(qū)名校沖刺戴氏教育溫馨提醒：暑假班是學(xué)習(xí)的大好時(shí)機(jī)，可以在這兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)，總結(jié)舊知識(shí)，查漏補(bǔ)缺，穩(wěn)固提高。在這個(gè)充滿熱情的季節(jié)，祝你學(xué)習(xí)輕松愉快.“句子成分”專題講解一、 考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回憶1、五種基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)2，句子的成分劃分二、 單元重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)精講1、 五種基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)的特別句型2、 句子成分主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。(一） 初中英語(yǔ)五種基本句子結(jié)構(gòu) S + V 即 “主 + 謂”。特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，本身能表達(dá)完整的意思，后面不需跟賓語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)可跟副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等作狀語(yǔ)。Eg: He laughed. John has read wid

2、ely . He lives in Chengdu. S + V + O 即 “主 + 謂 + 賓”特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。Eg: Our team beat all the others. S + V + P 即“主 + 系 + 表”特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞，不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)特征、身份、狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)系動(dòng)詞有be(am, is , are“是”)， become“成為”， get“變化“，turn，grow， look， feel， smell, taste, sound, seem, keep, stay等。Eg: The ro

3、se smells sweet. He is a math teacher. S + V + INO + DO.即“主 + 謂 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)”。特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)；這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，其中指人的間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的是直接賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后時(shí)，通常要加介詞 for 或 to， 可跟說(shuō)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有answer, bring, buy, find, get, give, lend, make, pass, pay, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write等。Eg: He told me an interesti

4、ng story.Would you please give this book to me? S + V + O + OC.即“主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)”。特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，但意思還不完整，必須加上另外一個(gè)成分賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明?？梢杂米髻e語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有：名詞、形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。Eg : We must keep our school clean.S = Subject 主語(yǔ) V=Verb 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 P = Predicative 表語(yǔ) O= Object 賓語(yǔ) INO = Indirect Object 間接賓語(yǔ) Do= direct objec

5、t 直接賓語(yǔ) OC= object complement賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)二句子成分主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)句子和漢語(yǔ)句子一樣，都是由單詞按照一定的規(guī)則所組成的。不同的詞類在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清楚不同詞類在句中充當(dāng)哪些成分，才能正確分析、理解句子的含義，并能準(zhǔn)確地遣詞造句，逐漸到達(dá)流利地說(shuō)出地道的英語(yǔ)。 主語(yǔ)S：是句子要說(shuō)明的人或物，是句子的主體。一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。1The car is running fast. (名詞)2） We are students. 代詞3） One of my classmates is from Che

6、ngdu. 數(shù)詞4） Its bad manner to spit in public. 不定式5） Eating too much is bad for your health. (動(dòng)名詞) 注意： 假設(shè)不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式或短語(yǔ)放在句后。 謂語(yǔ): 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體部分。一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。動(dòng)詞分為： 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：play、go、run等。 連系動(dòng)詞：be(am、is、are), smell、feel、see、find。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can、may、should、must、need 助動(dòng)詞 ：do、does、did、be等。注意：謂語(yǔ)部分的劃分

7、。 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)、 連系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與省略to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)合成謂語(yǔ)。 助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。Eg: 1), He works in a factory. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)。2), I felt cold . (系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ))3), I can speak English. ( 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)4), Do you speak English ? (助動(dòng)詞 + 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)5), They are working in a field. (助動(dòng)詞 + 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)注意：謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。賓語(yǔ)：是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象。一般由名詞、代詞、不定

8、式及動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。1） He is doing his homework. (名詞)2） They did nothing this morning. ( 代詞)。3） She wants to go home. (不定式)注意： 有的動(dòng)詞可接雙賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)指人，直接賓語(yǔ)指物。這類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：give, buy, lend, pass, tell, leave等。 1), please give me your money. 2), Please give your money to me.直接賓語(yǔ)一般放在間賓之后，假設(shè)把直接賓語(yǔ)放在前面，則要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~to 或for.有的動(dòng)

9、詞常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，而不能用動(dòng)名詞。這類詞有：“want, wish, hope, promise, decide, chose, care等 + to do sth.”Eg: I hope to see you again.有的動(dòng)詞一般只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，而不用不定式。如：Enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, keep on等Eg : I enjoy playing basketball.定語(yǔ)：用于修飾名詞或代詞。一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或等充當(dāng)。1), What a beautiful follower it is. 形容詞2), She is a chemis

10、try teacher. (名詞)3), There are two students in the classroom. (數(shù)詞)4), We have something to do tomorrow. (不定式)注意： 定語(yǔ)一般位于被修飾詞之前，但假設(shè)修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語(yǔ)，不定代詞： something, everything, nothing, anything 等，則放在后面。狀語(yǔ)： 用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句。一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。單個(gè)副詞作狀語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞之前。短語(yǔ)或從句在句首或句末：1), I get up at five in the mor

11、ning. (介詞短語(yǔ))2), He is studying hard so as to catch up with others. ( 不定式)3), We were having breakfast when the telephone rang. (從句)注意：enough 作狀語(yǔ)，能放在被修飾詞之后。表語(yǔ)： 用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征或感受。一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。常用連系動(dòng)詞有：be, look, get, sound, feel, become, smell, turn, taste.等1， They are workers. (名詞)2， Two and three

12、is five. ( 數(shù)詞)3， The story is very interesting. (形容詞)4， My job is teaching English. 動(dòng)名詞5， She is at home. 介詞短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)： 賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell, let, help, teach, ask, see, have, order, make等?！百e補(bǔ)”一般由不定式短語(yǔ)、分詞、名詞、形容詞充當(dāng)。1), We elected him monitor . (名詞)2), I found it difficult to learn English.

13、 (形容詞)3), The doctor told me to do more exercise . (不定式)4), He is going to have his hair cut. (過(guò)去分詞)5), They saw a bird flying in the sky. (現(xiàn)在分詞)三、 典型例題分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)1How can I get to the station? 2We enjoy playing football. 3I feel terrible.四、課堂練習(xí)勾畫并標(biāo)注出以下句子的成分：1, I want to look for myself.2, He was wrong !

14、3, My friends give me a big football.4, My life will be letter.5, We have to wear a uniform to school. 1, Yang Liwei is a famous Chinese astronant.2, The teacher ask me to clean the classroom.3, She can speak English and Chinese.4, Predicting the future can be difficult.5, The head of one of the big

15、gest movie companies in the United States predicted that no one would want to see actors talk.五、課后練習(xí)(一) 指出下例句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework

16、 without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二) 選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞 I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There

17、 will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.

18、A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出以下句中的賓語(yǔ) My brother hasn't done his homework.A B C D People all over the wor

19、ld speak English.A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D They made him monitor of the cl

20、ass.A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.A B C D(四) 挑出以下句中的表語(yǔ) The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D

21、 The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D She was the first to learn about it.A B C D(五) 挑出下例句中的定語(yǔ) They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D What is your given name?A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D I am afraid some peop

22、le forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A B C D(六) 挑出下例句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D She found it dif

23、ficult to do the work.A B C D They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?A B C D(七) 挑出下例句中的狀語(yǔ) There was a big smile on her face.A B C D Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.A B C D With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D I am afraid that if