高中英語(yǔ)選修8Unit2Cloning(導(dǎo)學(xué)案)

1、Unit 2 Cloning選修八能力學(xué)案（實(shí)驗(yàn)班專用）姓名 班級(jí) 學(xué)號(hào)Editor: Guo Sir Proofreader: Guo sir重點(diǎn)單詞用法1) differ vi .不同于，不一樣，有區(qū)別；有異議，(意見)有分歧2) The two systems differ in many respects.這兩種系統(tǒng)在許多方面不同。3) People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress.在應(yīng)對(duì)壓力方面人們的能力各 不相同。4) Human facial expressions differ from tho

2、se of animals in the degree to which they can be controlled onpurpose.人類與動(dòng)物面部表情的不同之處在于，人類可以在一定程度上有意識(shí)地控制其表情。5) The symptoms did not differ between the two groups. 這兩組之間的癥狀沒(méi)有區(qū)別。6) We soon found that prices differed enormously/widely/greatly/significantly.我們很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)價(jià)格相差很大。7) The two laeyers differed about

3、 how to present the case.如何陳述案情，兩名律師意見不同。That ' swe differ.3 agree to differ to stop arguing with someone 出nd ac-cept不H意見that you will never agree承認(rèn)意電分歧1同意保留【拓展】 1)把和區(qū)分開 2) It doesn't make any difference to me whether you go or stay. 對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)， 你是走是留者B沒(méi)有關(guān) 4 makes no difference to sb used to say t

4、liat it does not matter to someone which ihing happens, is chosen etc對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有關(guān)系, M親人而言沒(méi)什么差別:MJ?- ing or aflenioon. It makes no difference lo me.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō) 上午或下午都沒(méi)關(guān)系。3) They settled their differences.5 our/your/their differences disagreements 我們的/你們的/他們的意見分歧不和I： Wee had our differencesin the past.過(guò)去我們看過(guò)意見分歧

5、. I settle/resolve your differencesnot to argue any more) 解決你們之間的分歧2. undertake vt. _undertook_(pt.) _undertaken_ (pp.)1)to accept that you are responsible for a piece of work, and start to do it 承擔(dān)；從事;接受 She undertook full responsibility for the new changes. 她為新變化承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任。Dr Johnson undertook the tas

6、k of writing a comprehensive English dictionary.約翰遜博士負(fù)起了編寫一本綜合英語(yǔ)詞典的使命。2) undertake to do sth: to promise or agree to do something 承諾做某事，答應(yīng)做某事；保證做 某事He undertook to pay the money back in six months. 他保證六個(gè)月 內(nèi)還款。3. cast v. _cast(pt) cast_ (pp)扔，投，擲(=toss);投射(光或影)；向.瞧一瞧， 看(瞅)一眼；拋(釣絲)；撒(網(wǎng));1) Sparks leap

7、t as he cast more wood on the fire.他往火堆里加木塊時(shí)飛起了 火星。2) The flames cast dancing shadows on the walls.火光把跳舞的人影投射到墻上。3) She cast an anguished look at Guy.她痛苦地瞥了 蓋伊一眼。4) The fishermen cast their nets into the sea.漁民們將網(wǎng)撒入海中。5) The tragedy cast a shadow on their lives.這一悲劇在他們的生命中投下了一片陰影。4 cast a shadow/clo

8、ud over sth fiterary to make peoplefeel less happy or hopeful about something【更】給某事 投卜廣，層陽(yáng)影：Thecast a cimtd over the這些說(shuō)法給后長(zhǎng)的訪問(wèn)投卜.陰影.Herfather s illness cast a shadow over f/ie wedding celebration 她父親的病給婚禮投下門“彩.6) Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly 's illnesses were more appropr

9、iate to a much older animal.研究克隆的科學(xué)教發(fā)現(xiàn)多利得的病更容易發(fā)生在年老的羊身上。這讓他們很沮喪。Don' t be scast down. Just keep up your spirits. 不要這么沮喪 ，打起精神來(lái)。【即學(xué)即練】 他因考試不及格，情緒一直很低落。He by his failure in the examination.n. 1)投拋 The fisherman caught a fish at his first cast.漁夫第一次擲釣線就釣到一條魚。2)演員陣容；全體演員an all-star cast全明星演員陣容The sh

10、ow is very amusing and the cast are very good. 演出妙趣橫生， 演員的表演也很出彩。4. object vi&vt.反對(duì)；不贊成；提出.作為反對(duì)的理由；反對(duì)說(shuō)1) If no one objects, I would like Mrs Harrison to be present.如果沒(méi)人反對(duì)的話， 我想請(qǐng)哈里森夫人出席。2) Robson strongly objected to the terms of the contract.羅布森強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)合同中的條款。3) I objected to having to rewrite the a

11、rticle. 我不贊成重寫這篇文章。w rite the article.我不贊成重寫這篇文章口 I I object (=uscd in formal argunieius, for example in a court of law)我反對(duì)用卜法庭等正式辯論中AY匚7?c山藺"八/ object. That is an unfair allegation.主庸先生，我應(yīng)對(duì) 加 這項(xiàng)指控不公正，They objected that the schedule was too tight.他們反對(duì)說(shuō)日程安排的太緊。Cullen objected that his small staf

12、f would be unable to handle the added work.卡倫提出反對(duì)，說(shuō)他的人手較少，無(wú)法完成額外工作。n.物體，東西；目的；目標(biāo)；宗旨In the cosy consulting room , the children are surrounded by familiar objects.在溫馨的診療室里，孩子們周圍擺滿了親切熟悉的東西。He made it his object in life to find the island. 他把找到那座島嶼當(dāng)成自己的人生目標(biāo)。The customer will benefit most, and that is th

13、e object of the exercise(=the purpose of what you are doing).客戶將是最大的得益者，這正是此舉的目的。3 an object ot pity/deslra/rldicule etc someone or something that is piried, wanted etc憐憫/渴望/嘲弄等的對(duì) 象：She feared becomin an object 過(guò) rj市.她害怕成 為嘲笑的對(duì)象.| xpo/is cur'i and ot/iernlyecfy of desire 跑車及其他渴里抓有的東P4 | an objec

14、t qf stitdy研究的 對(duì)象-> SEX OBJECT【拓展】objection n.反對(duì)，異議，厭惡；反對(duì)的理由1) I feel a strong objection to getting up early. 我極不愿意早起。2) They made an objection to the imperial system with resolution. 他們堅(jiān)決反對(duì)帝制。3) Please present your objection to the plan.請(qǐng)?zhí)岢龇磳?duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃的理由。4) Local residents raised strong objections to

15、 the building application.當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駥?duì)這項(xiàng)建筑申請(qǐng)?zhí)岢隽藦?qiáng)烈反對(duì)。5) obtain v.(尤指通過(guò)自身的努力、技能或工作)獲得，得到(=get);(情況、系統(tǒng)或規(guī)則)繼續(xù)存在，通用1) Only with mass direct action will we obtain such change. 只有采取大規(guī)模直接行動(dòng)，我們才 會(huì)取得這樣的改變。2) Evans was trying to obtain a false passport and other documents. 埃文斯正試圖取得一本假護(hù) 照和其他證件。3) The perfect body has

16、always been difficult to obtain. 完美的身材總是很難擁有。4) The custom still obtains in some districts. 這種風(fēng)俗在某些地方仍然流行。5) These conditions no longer obtain. 這些條件已不復(fù)存在。6) Different laws obtain in different places. 不同的法律適用在不同的地方。6. attain vt.at tain 【en； 5'tein/ v T formal I il:.A31 to succeed in achieving som

17、ething after trying for a long time 得到，獲得！，l得：i仃j陽(yáng)are uftuining ofpower,越來(lái)越多的女性獲得要聯(lián)己2 to reach a particular level, age, size etc遼到某水平、年齡、尺寸豹: Shure prices unained a high of "27,股價(jià)漲到 3.27 美 兀的品位由I After a year she had ailaineii her ideal wight,一華信!她達(dá)到了理想的體重j - attainable adj： This target should

18、be titlainahle.這個(gè)目標(biāo)應(yīng)該能 實(shí)現(xiàn)7. forbid v._forbade;forbad_(pt.)_forbidden_(pp.)禁止；不準(zhǔn)；阻止；妨礙，使(某人)不可能做某事(=prevent)1) The law strictly forbids racial or sexual discrimination. 法律嚴(yán)禁種族或性別歧視。2) The city forbids keeping dogs.3) He was forbidden to leave the house, as a punishment.作為懲罰，他被禁止離開家。(forbid sbto do st

19、h)4) Women are forbidden from going out without a veil. 婦女不披面紗禁止出門。(forbid sb fromdoing sth)5) Lack of space forbids listing the names of all those who contributed.由于篇幅所限， 無(wú)法歹 U 出不允許的 o 2 God/Heaven forbid spoken used to emphasize that you hope that something will not happen【口】 但愿不會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的W: Supposing

20、 I had an accident.r j小川；用ps史陽(yáng)中r 4 la、門室不若止汝糕僅所有捐款人的姓名?！炯磳W(xué)即練】(1) The school (禁止學(xué)生吸煙).(2) He (禁止)enter the room.8. owe v.欠(錢)；負(fù)(債)；應(yīng)該做，應(yīng)給予；對(duì) 負(fù)有的義務(wù)；把歸功于，有是由 于；1) Blake already owed him nearly 50.布萊克已經(jīng)欠他將近 50 英鎊了。2) The company owes money to more than 60 banks.這家公司欠下 60 多家銀行的債。3) Of course she would ha

21、ve to send a letter; she owed it to the family. 她當(dāng)然必須寄封信回去， 跟家里聯(lián)系是應(yīng)該的。4) Perhaps we owe these people more respect.也許我們應(yīng)該給予這些人更多的尊重。3 owe db an expldndtiorVspology lo feel that you should give someone an explatialion of why you did jioinclhing, or say you arc sorry 族向某人解梓/致歉：You owe him an apology.你應(yīng)

22、該向他搔歉. 1)5) He probably owes his life to her prompt action. 很可能是因?yàn)樗袆?dòng)迅速才救了他一命。6) I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.虧得你幫忙，我才送時(shí)完成了工作。thing !感激：owe sb a lot/owe sb a great deal 7 owe my pa rents a lot,r he admiHrd我非和感激我的父母J他 承認(rèn)道口 I He a great deal H)hi$ pnbti*hers. 他對(duì) I也的出版商感檄涕零,J owe it

23、all to sb/owe everything to sb / ohy it ait to toh* 我把這切都!H 功于你。I owe sb a debt (of gratitude) the debt rhiu we ow to our tench-我們用老帥們的感激之情7) These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed. 這些早期移民把他們的幸存歸功于艱苦勞動(dòng)和追求成功的決心?！炯磳W(xué)即練】1)他把他的成功歸功于努力工作和實(shí)踐。2) Owing to the rain,

24、 they could not come.9. bother vt.煩擾，打擾；使不安vi.操心；麻煩；煩惱n.麻煩，不便，困難；難對(duì) 付的人(事)I'm sorry to bother you, but could you tell me the way to the station?對(duì)不起打擾一下，請(qǐng)問(wèn)去車站怎么走？We are playing a trick on a man who keeps bothering me. 我們?cè)谧脚獋€(gè)總是來(lái)煩我的人。Lots of people don't bother to go through a marriage ceremony

25、 these days. 如今很多人不再費(fèi)心 思舉行婚禮。bWhWa«ofheriWe've-missed theuus/摩璃反I喇曲屜子於西跖cully th凱 has been caused by small problems and that usually only continues fora short time【尤英】麻煩.不便,困難； trouble: 勺 an old car, but it *s never caused me any 兒俏叱這是輛舊年，但從來(lái)不給我添麻煩 I -with Jon been having u bit of bother wi

26、lh his back uuin. 近喬的背部乂 有點(diǎn)不適。| *Thanhi for your help. * * / was itn hduyin prnnhnot/c t hnt i vvpft1 hnnnu 1事不值得麻煩 2 a bother espedalfy BrE a person or job that slightly annoys you by causing trouble or problems 【無(wú)英】玳母何的大I事J: / hate to be a bother, but could vou show me how ihe copier works? 小起！麻煩-

27、卜. 你能教我復(fù)印機(jī)怎樣用嗎？【高考鏈接 T need to advertise for a roommate for next term.-? Mary is interested.A. Why bother B. Why not C. So what D. What for10. Strike struck(pt.) _struck(pp.)vt.打，擊，撞；突然意識(shí)到，突然想到； vi.罷工；突然襲擊，猛然攻擊；(在爭(zhēng)斗， 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等中)取得先機(jī)1) She fell heavily, striking her head against the side of the boat.她重重地摔了

28、一跤，頭撞在 船舷上。2)A snowball struck him on the back of the head . 一團(tuán)雪球打中他的后腦勺。3) It suddenly struck me that we could use a computer to do the job.4) They shouldn't be striking for more money.他們不該為了得到更多的錢而罷工。 L J-5) Opponents of the war uy that civilian vrllaes have been struck several /浙rl反成人士說(shuō)平民村莊屢遭

29、伯韋&6) Brazil struck first with a goal in the third minute. 巴西隊(duì)第三分鐘先射入一球取得先機(jī)。9 strike a balance (between sth) to give tlie correct amount of importance or attention to two separate things (使兩個(gè) 事物M 達(dá)到平衡：兩者兼顧:He was finding it difficult u> strike a balance between his family m山八卬"A.他發(fā)現(xiàn)家 庭和工

30、作兩者彳艮難兼J% I It isn 7 always eas v to strike the 黨而秘而ce做到網(wǎng)者兼顧并總是很容機(jī)1fl strike a bargain/deal io agree to do something for someone if they do something for you 達(dá)成協(xié)議/ x 易: There are riti/irs 而"rhe president stniek a private i!ea! with the corporation chairman. Yif?言稱董事長(zhǎng)巴和 該公司的主席私下里達(dá)成了協(xié)議.12 strike

31、a chord to say or do something that other people agree with or have sympathy with 引起其嗚,打動(dòng): +with Their storx is bmuid to strike a chord with all 心,他們的故也一定會(huì)引起所有父母的共鳴。13 strike a match to produce a flame from a miitch by rubbing it hard across a rough surface 劃火柴18 strike it rich to suddenly make a lo

32、t of money 發(fā)大 財(cái)，暴富19 strike it lucky BrEto be very ILicky, especially when you were not expecting to【英】交 好運(yùn)：We si ruck it lucky in Bangkok, where we were told there were some e.xtra seats on the plane that山仙，.我們?cè)诠な饭冉缓眠\(yùn) L 有n. bego on strikeThe whole staff were on strike.The workers will go on strike

33、if the demands they put forward are turned down.短語(yǔ)用法1. pay off【讀句子，猜詞義】I ' ve just paid off my loan from this bank.Did your plan pay off?All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam.【拓展】 1) They can't pay back the loan which they took for buying a house.I ll pay you back f

34、or what you did to me!2) The student stepped out of the bookstore after he paid for the book.These people must be made to pay for their crimes.典型句式1.It suddenly opened everybody ' eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness and even to produce human beings.翻譯：2 It is a way o

35、f making an exact copy of another animal or plant.He's in his mid-fifties; well, fifty-six to be exact (ie more accurately).他五十多歲 ；確切說(shuō)是五 十六歲.【拓展】1) That's what I expected.那正是我希望的.2)People should stop using their cars and start using public transport. The roads are too crowded as it is. (2005

36、 浙江)A. All right B. Exactly C. Go ahead D. Fine3) So you gave her your phone?-. she said she ' d return it to me when she could afford her own金國(guó))A. My pleasure B. Not exactly C. No doubt D. All right.3. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.當(dāng)時(shí)間副詞now, then位于句首，謂語(yǔ)是 come

37、, appear等表示出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句用全倒裝 語(yǔ)序。Now comes the boss you are waiting for. Then came the day we had been looking forward to. Now comes your turn.4. Altogether Dolly lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep1)altogether adv.There were altogether 42 students in the class.The food

38、 was good and we loved the atmosphere and the people. Altogether it was a great evening.I don ' t altogether agree with you.2)original adj/n.原始的；最初的；原創(chuàng)的 originally adv.The Indians were the original inhabitants of North America.第安人是北美最早的居民.In a word, to read the original work is better than to se

39、e the film based on it.This is a translation; the original is in French.5. Dolly ' s appearce raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.1) raise= bring about vt.弓I起，使出現(xiàn)The book raises many arguments about this issue.比較:raise/ rise/ arise/ arouse2)a s

40、torm of: sudden violent outburst or display of strong feeling. a storm of protest/ bullets / cheers/ applause / criticism/ abuse 一陣抗議/彈雨/歡呼聲/掌聲/抨擊/辱罵3) have/ make a strong/ great impact on 對(duì)有巨大影響The anti-smoking campaign has had quite an impact on young people.鞏固練習(xí)IFill in the blanks using the follo

41、wing words or phrases.bring back to life in vain retire from time to timein good condition strike into one's heart resistin favor of be bound to1 .He from teaching three years ago.1.1 found the temptation to miss the class too hard to.3 .He spoke out the reform.4 .Anyway he was dead, we could no

42、t him.5.In a group as big as this, you get occasional disagreement.6 .We tried to make him change his mind.7 .Her daughters visited him when he was ill.8 .The car has been well maintained and is.9 .The news of H1N1 terror the people 's.Read the texts (P11 and P15) and fill in the blanks1. The fact is these are both examples of natural clones.2. Cloning plants is straight forward cloning animals is very complicated.3. It is a difficult task to.4. Many to clone ma