主語從句詳解及練習附答案

1、高二年級語法要點剖析(李翌洋)一、名詞性從何主語從句、表語從旬、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個句子中所起的作用，相當于一個名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從何。引導名詞性從何的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that,whether,if(不充當從何的任何成分)連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.連接副詞：when,where,how,why1 .主語從句作句子主語的從何叫主語從句。主語從旬通常由從屬連詞 that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,wh

2、ere,why等詞引導。that 在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從何的成分。例如：(1)Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。注意：有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語 it 代替主語從句作形式主語放于旬首，而把主語從何置于旬末。主語從句

3、后的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下：(1)It+be+名詞+that 從旬(2)It+be+形容詞+that 從旬(3)It+be+動詞的過去分詞+that 從旬(4)It+不及物動詞+that 從旬另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatItissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that

4、2 .賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從何叫賓語從旬 0 引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從何的關聯詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1 .由連接詞 that 引導的賓語從句由連接詞 that 引導賓語從何時，that 在旬中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列旬時，第二個分句前的 that 不可省。例如：HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已經告訴我他明天要去上海 0Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinno

5、thing.我們決不能認為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意：在 demandorder、suggestdecideinsist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從何常用“(should)+動詞原形”。例如：Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我堅持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。2 .用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,w

6、hoever,whatever,whicheve 將關聯詞引導的賓語從何相當于特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人，她者B會給予熱情的支持。3 .用 whether 或 if 引導的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether 與 if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用

7、whether,不用 if:a.引導主語從何并在旬首時；b.引導表語從何時；c.引導從句作介詞賓語時；d.從旬后有“ornot”時；e.后接動詞不定式時。例如：Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmone 廠切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。4 .注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應，當主句動詞是現在時，從句根據自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。例如：hestudiesEnglisheveryday.（從何用一般現在時）hestudiedEng

8、lishlastterm.（從何用一般過去時）Iknow（that）hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.（從何用一般將來時）hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.（從何用現在完成時）注意： 當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could,would 除外） ， 從句則要用相應的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從何表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現象，則從何仍用現在時態(tài)。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica5 .think,believe,imagine,suppos 等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中

9、，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。?M 從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：Wedontthinkyouarehere.我們認為你不在這。Idontbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不會這樣做。3.表語從句在句中作表語的從何叫表語從句。 引導表語從何的關聯詞與引導主語從何的關聯詞大致一樣，表語從何位于連系動詞后，有時用 asif 引導。其基本結構為：主語+系動詞+that 從旬。例如：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。Thatiswhyhedidntcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會的原因。Itlooksas

10、ifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當主語是 reason 時，表語從何要用 that 引導而不是 because 例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning練習題選擇：1.“IsMaryfromNewYorkCity”“Idontknow.”A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecomeC.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom2.makesmistakesmus

11、tcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever3.ThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwasanewjob.A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot4.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for5.Henrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy.A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdoneso6.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMyb

12、osswantstoknow.A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalongC.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong7.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever8.Heaskedmewithme.A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis9.Iamsurehesaidist

13、rue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat10.Iwonderhowmuch.A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts11.Maryissomeonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor12.Idontdoubthellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether13.“Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang”一“Well,Ifor

14、getIwassupposedtogoto.”A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit14.surprisedmemostwassuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.ThatwhatB.What-thatC.That-whichD.What-which15.wegoswimmingeverydayusalotofgood.A.IfdoB.ThatdoC.IfdoesD.Thatdoes16.Oneofthemenheldtheviewthebooksaidwasri

15、ght.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat17.Ihavenoideaornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which18.“Doyouknow“Hisfatherisadoctor.”A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatheris19.Theydiscussedtheycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether20.S

16、heasked.A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupC.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing21.Itsuncertaintheexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how22.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterdayitwasaholiday.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfor23.theboy

17、didnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.How24.wecantgetseemsbetterthanwehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,that25.youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.That26.wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.27.hereallymeansishedisagreeswithus.A.WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.WhythatD.Ifwhat28.isgoing

18、todothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who29. wellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That30. thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What31. hewontgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This32. youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.

19、WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether33. makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody34. teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How35. Theproblemiswillgotothemeeting.D.WhichD.That,whatD.WhetherA.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.WhereA.whyB.whenC.whatD.who36. thatishelikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how37. thatisLuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why38. WhatImconsideringnowthemoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.was39. CanyoutellmeA.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman40. WeshouldthinkcarefullyaboutMr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.A.that