現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語第五冊修辭總結(jié)

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語第五冊修辭總結(jié).精品文檔.高級(jí)英語第五冊修辭方法（Rhetorical Device）序號(hào)修辭類別定義/特點(diǎn)1Simile（明喻）是以兩種具有相同特征的事物和現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比，表明本體和喻體之間的相似關(guān)系，兩者都在對(duì)比中出現(xiàn)。常用比喻詞like, as, as if, as though等。2Metaphor（隱喻）這種比喻不通過比喻詞進(jìn)行，而是直接將甲事物當(dāng)作乙事物來描寫，甲乙兩事物之間的聯(lián)系和相似之處是暗含的。3Allusion（暗引/引喻）其特點(diǎn)是不注明來源和出處，一般多引用人們熟知的關(guān)鍵詞或詞組，將其融合編織在作者的話語中。引

2、用的東西包括典故、諺語、成語、格言和俗語等。英語引用最多的是源出圣經(jīng)故事以及希臘、羅馬神話、伊索寓言和那些源遠(yuǎn)流長的諺語、格言等。4Parody (仿擬)根據(jù)家喻戶曉的成語或諺語，臨時(shí)更換其中的某個(gè)部分，造成新的成語或諺語；或者根據(jù)古今名言警句，在保持其原句不變的情況下，更換其中部分詞語，這種修辭方式叫仿擬。5Metonymy（轉(zhuǎn)喻/借代）是指兩種不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一種事物名稱代替另一種。例如：the white house-the President, the crown- the king/queen, purse- money6Synecdoche（提喻）又稱舉

3、隅法主要特點(diǎn)是局部代表全體，或以全體喻指部分，或以抽象代具體，或以具體代抽象。7Transferred epithet (轉(zhuǎn)類形容詞/移就）采用表示性質(zhì)和特征的形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞來修飾、限定與它根本不同屬性的名詞。8Oxymoron(矛盾修辭法a compressed paradox)用兩種不相調(diào)和，甚至截然相反的特征來形容一項(xiàng)事物，在矛盾中尋求哲理，以便收到奇警的修辭效果，產(chǎn)生特殊的深刻含義的一種修辭手段。9Hyperbole（夸張）夸張是一種故意言過其實(shí)，或夸大或縮小事物的形象，借以突出事物的某種特征或品格，鮮明地表達(dá)思想情感的修辭方式。10Understatement （低調(diào)陳述/

4、含蓄陳述）litotes（反敘/間接肯定法, 反語法）指用反語的否定來表示肯定的一種修辭法It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement.11Contrast(對(duì)照)是把兩個(gè)相反的事物或一件事物的正反兩方面放在一起，在比較和襯托之中突出不同事物的矛盾性12Antithesis(對(duì)語、對(duì)句、平行對(duì)照)是把意義相反或相對(duì)的語言單位排列在平行、對(duì)稱的結(jié)構(gòu)里,以求取一種勻稱的形式美和強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)照感。Antithesis 有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn):一是語義上的對(duì)照性,二是結(jié)構(gòu)上的對(duì)稱性。13Parallelism（平行結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)句法，對(duì)仗）a balance of tw

5、o or more similar words, phrases, or clauses.14Epigram (警句、雋語）是一種語體，短小機(jī)智的妙語、警句和名言都算做雋語15Paradox (似非而是的雋語）這是一種貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深長的說法,是一種矛盾修辭法似是而非的雋語是一個(gè)言論自由的聲明或命題于表面看來似乎是自相矛盾的，荒謬的，或者違反既定事實(shí)或做法，但在進(jìn)一步的思考和研究，可能被證明是真的，理由充分16Chiasmus(回文/交錯(cuò)配列法）兩個(gè)排比結(jié)構(gòu)中第二個(gè)所用的修辭上的倒裝，(如:She went to Paris; New to York went he.)17An

6、aphora首語(句)重復(fù)法repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences18 Alliteration（頭韻法）在文句中有兩個(gè)以上連結(jié)在一起的詞或詞組，其開頭的音節(jié)有同樣的字母或聲音，以增強(qiáng)語言的節(jié)奏感。19Onomatopoeia（擬聲）是摹仿自然界中非語言的聲音，其發(fā)音和所描寫的事物的聲音很相似，使語言顯得生動(dòng)，富有表現(xiàn)力。1. Simile:L1-17: It is something like behind bars.L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied

7、 until from every city hall a mighty stream.(justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream)L5-5: Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (dumb as an ox)L5-50: First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (comparing his longing for th

8、e raccoon coat with the expression of a hungry homeless child looking longingly at the bread at a bakery window.)L5-123: It was like digging a tunnel. (comparing his teaching to the hard work of digging a tunnel.)L5-147: I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (comparing his angry shouts to the

9、bellowing of a bull)L7-2: united with others of our country in everything like the fingers of the hand. (comparing the relationship between black and white to fingers of the hand)L7-10: Yet even then I had been going over my speech.as bright as flame. (comparing each word of his speech to bright fla

10、me)L7-16: For in those days I was what they called gingercolored.like a crisp ginger cookie. (comparing the narrator to a cookie)L7-20: My saliva became like hot bitter glue.L7-21: The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs. hypersensitive snails. (comparing the black boys to animals) L7-27: A

11、 blow to my head as I danced about sent my right eye popping. my dilemma.L7-45: I roiled away as a fumbled football rolls off the receivers fingertips.L7-46: 1 was limp as a dish rag.2. Metaphor:L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (the long night of physical slavery)L1-5: The Negro. .

12、 . his own emancipation proclamation. (“signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation”)L1-14: when the unjust is eliminated. (measurement, a scale of dollars)L1-20: He who hates ultimate reality. （owning a key to open a door）L1-25: the battering rams of the forces

13、 of justice; the junk heaps of historyLet us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls the forces of justice. (“the tragic walls” and “the battering rams”) L1-27: When our daysinto bright tomorrow. (low-hovering clouds of despair; gigantic mountains of evil)L4-3: Killing the Angel in the HouseL4-5: The

14、 image of a fishermanL4-7: A room of ones ownL5-1: There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lambs frontier. (comparing the limitation set by Lamb to a frontier)L5-20: My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Mixed metaphor, comparing at the same time the narrato

15、rs brain to a precision instrument and also to a machine that has gears.)L5-34: In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (comparing the competing for friendship to an athletic event)L5-98: Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crate

16、r of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. (comparing Pollys mind to the extinct crater of a volcano)L5-115: Poisoning the well: (comparing “the personal attack on a person holding some thesis” to “poisoning the well”)L5-151: The rat. (comparing Petey to a rat)L6-41: Ive never met anyone the secon

17、d time around. (The metaphor of record player is used.)3. Allusion: L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day none shall be afraid. (a biblical allusion: the 1ion and the lamb shall lie down together; every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid) L5-64: We went to t

18、he Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak (An implied allusion to Robin Hood, whose trysting place was under a huge oak tree in Sherwood Forest.)L5-138: I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat.L10-8: Overnight surreal episodes（a sword

19、of Damocles）4. Parody:L10-25: Is our democracy of liberty? (This is a parody of a line in Patrick Henrys speech: “Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?”)5. Metonymy:L4-1: No demand was made upon the family purse. (“purse” stands for money)L4-2: But

20、 to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman with my neighbors. (Butchers bills stand for meat bought from a butcher. )L5-23: She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions. But 1 was not one to let my heart rule my head. (to let my heart rule my head: Metonymy. “Heart”

21、stands for “feelings and emotions” and “head” for “reason and good sense”.)L5-105: surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. (X-rays stand for X-rays photographs)L10-2: Anthrax panic chambers (“Congress” stands for its members)6. Synecdoche:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from ever

22、y city hall a mighty stream. city hall (the naming of a part to mean the whole. Here, the naming of the building for the government) L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman with my neighbors. (bread and butter: This set phrase means food and the most important an

23、d basic things. )7. Transferred epithet:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls the forces of justice. (the tragic walls)L5-40: I said with a mysterious wink (the wink was not mysterious)L7-6: our bare upper bodies touching and shining with anticipatory sweat (In “anticipatory sweat”, t

24、he adjective “anticipatory “ is a transferred epithet.)L7-25: He kept coming, bringing the rank sharp violence of stale sweat. (the rank sharp violence: Logically rank and sharp modify “stale sweat”, not “violence”.)8. Oxymoron:9. Hyperbole:L5-5: It is not often that one so young has such a giant in

25、tellect. (exaggerating for effect)L5-50: he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (Its an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”)L5-135: You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.L5-135: I will wander the face

26、of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.10. Understatement or litotes:L5-61: This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first 1 was tempted to give her back to Petey. (no small dimensions)11. Contrast:L3-22: A contrast is made between old Shanghai and Shanghai in the 1990s.L8-3: Whi

27、le Oppenheimer was interrupting. had invented the subject. (an implied contrast)L10-25: How do we poise? (paranoia vs. poise)12. Antithesis: L1-5: As long as. . . can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs. free)L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (psychological freedom vs. physic

28、al slavery)L1-7: love is identified denial of love (1ove vs. power, a resignation of power vs. denial of love)L1-19: For through violence but you cant murder hate. (You may murder a murderer but you cant murder murder.)L1-25: outer city of wealth and comfort vs. inner city of poverty and despair; we

29、alth vs. poverty (economic); comfort vs. despair(mood, psychology) dark yesterdays vs. bright tomorrows; segregated schools vs. integrated educationon the basis of the content of their character vs. on the basis of the color of their skincontent(substance) vs. color (superficial)character(fundamenta

30、l) vs. skin (outward appearance)L1-27: When our daysinto bright tomorrow.dark yesterday VS. bright tomorrowL5-27: It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful. beautiful dumb vs. ugly smartL5-50: Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxin

31、g, resolution waning.Desire waxing vs. resolution waningL5-153: Look at mea brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Peteya knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy wholl never know where his next meal is coming from. Brilliant, intellectual and assured vs. knot-head,

32、 jitterbug and never know where his next meal is coming from”13. Parallelism:L1-6: confrontation of the forces the status quo. forces of power demanding change (present participle) forces of power dedicated to the preserving of the(past participle) status quoL1-8: What is needed and anemic.power wit

33、hout love is reckless and abusive love without power is sentimental and anemicL1-8: Power at its best against love.power at its best love implementing demands of justice justice at its best power correcting against loveL1-10: And, in the thinking of that daymoral fiber.the absence of vs. a want of w

34、orldly goods vs. (qualities)L1-19: For through violence but you cant murder hate. Three sentences “Through violence you may murder but you cant murder”L1-20: And I have seen too much hate. too great a burden to bear. I have seen too much hate Ive seen too much hate on Ive seen hate ontoo many Klansm

35、enL1-25: There are 11 sentences beginning with “l(fā)et us be dissatisfied until” and two short sentences of “l(fā)et us be dissatisfied”. L12-5: The armies of The legions of The armies of are marshaled against it. The legions of will march against it.L12-16: A novelists characters celebrity.a novelists cha

36、racters hope for immortality a profile journalists for celebrityL12-24: It is the disrespect to preserve. (disrespect) for power orthodoxies party lines ideologiesthat I would like to celebrate that I urge all to preserve14. Epigram:L1-20: He who hates ultimate reality.15. Paradox:L1-18: Without rec

37、ognizing thisthat dont explain.paralleled paradoxes: solutions that dont solve answers that dont answer explanations that dont explainL1-27: When our daysinto bright tomorrow. (to make a way out of no way)16. Chiasmus: L1-9: It is precisely this collision of our times. (immoral power vs. powerless m

38、orality)L6-6: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.17. Anaphora:L1-25: let us be dissatisfied18. Alliteration:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day none shall be afraid. ( lion, lamb, lie) L7-2: Live with your head in the lions mouth.or bust wide open. (death and destruction)L7-9: S

39、ome of the others tried to stop them slipping and sliding over the polished floor. (slipping and sliding)19. Onomatopoeia:L3-14: clickRhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以兩種具有相同特征的事物和現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比，表明本體和喻體之間的相似關(guān)系，兩者都在對(duì)比中出現(xiàn)。常用比喻詞like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 這

40、頭象和任何人見到的一樣像一條蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像剛從我的童話故事書中走出來，像幽靈一樣從我身旁走過去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那長長的葉子在風(fēng)中擺動(dòng)，好像伸出纖細(xì)的手指去觸摸什么東西似的。 二、隱喻（metaphor）這種比喻不通過比喻詞進(jìn)行

41、，而是直接將用事物當(dāng)作乙事物來描寫，甲乙兩事物之間的聯(lián)系和相似之處是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets. 德國人的槍炮和飛機(jī)將炸彈、炮彈和子彈像暴雨一樣傾瀉下來。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 鉆石部是商店的心臟和核心。 三、Allusion（暗引）其特點(diǎn)是不注明來源和出處，一般多引用人們熟知的關(guān)鍵詞或詞組，將其融合編織在作者的話語中。引用的東西包括典故、諺語、成語、格言和俗語等。英語

42、引用最多的是源出圣經(jīng)故事以及希臘、羅馬神話、伊索寓言和那些源遠(yuǎn)流長的諺語、格言等。例如：1、Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.語法是他的大弱點(diǎn)。（Achilles是希臘神話中的一位勇士。除了腳踵處，他身上其他地方刀槍不入。）2、The project is an economic albatross from the start.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目從一開始就是一個(gè)擺脫不了的經(jīng)濟(jì)難題。(Albatross是英國詩人柯勒律治的古舟子詠中的信天翁，它被忘恩負(fù)義的水手殺死后，全船陷入災(zāi)難中。)四、提喻（synecdoche）又稱舉隅法，主要特點(diǎn)是局部代表全體，或以全體喻指部

43、分，或以抽象代具體，或以具體代抽象。例如： 1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men. 長城不僅是用石頭和土建造的，而且是用幾百萬人的血和肉建成的。 句中的“the flesh and blood”喻為“the great sacrifice”（巨大的犧牲） 2、“.saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,.” 他說這是世界上最美的語言。 這里用具體的“ton

44、gue”代替抽象的“l(fā)anguage”。 3、Many eyes turned to a tall,20year black girl on the U.S. team. 很多人將眼光投向美國隊(duì)一個(gè)高高的20歲的黑姑娘。 這里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”。 五、轉(zhuǎn)喻/借代（metonymy）是指兩種不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一種事物名稱代替另一種。 1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them. 幾年以后，他們聽說拿破侖要親自

45、來視察他們。 “word”在這里代替了“news, information”（消息、信息） 2、Al spoke with his eyes, “yes”. 艾爾用眼睛說，“是的”。 “說”應(yīng)該是嘴的功能，這里實(shí)際上是用眼神表達(dá)了“說話的意思”。六、擬人（personification）這種修辭方法是把人類的特點(diǎn)、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物擬人，以達(dá)到彼此交融，合二為一。 1、Necessity is the mother of invention.需要乃是發(fā)明之母。 2、She is the favoured child of Fortune她是幸運(yùn)之寵兒。 兩句中名詞mothe

46、r和child通常用于人，而這里分別用于無生命的名詞invention 和Fortune，使這兩個(gè)詞 擬人化了。 七、夸張（hyperbole）這是運(yùn)用豐富的想象，過激的言詞，渲染和裝飾客觀事物，以達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。 1、My blood froze. 我的血液都凝固了。 2、When I told our father about this, his heart burst. 當(dāng)我將這件事告訴我們的父親時(shí)，他的心幾乎要迸出來。 3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughters voice on the phone. 從電話里

47、一聽到我女兒的聲音，我的心幾乎停止跳動(dòng)。 八、Understatement: (含蓄陳述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. 1、 It is no laugh

48、ing matter.九、雙關(guān)語（pun）是以一個(gè)詞或詞組，用巧妙的辦法同時(shí)把互不關(guān)聯(lián)的兩種含義結(jié)合起來，以取得一種詼諧有趣的效果。 Napoleon was astonished. ”Either you are mad, or I am,” he declared. “Both，sir!” cried the Swede proudly. “Both”一詞一語雙關(guān)，既指拿破侖和這位士兵都是瘋子，又指這位戰(zhàn)士參加過拿破侖指揮的兩次戰(zhàn)役。 十、諷刺（irony）是指用含蓄的褒義詞語來表示其反面的意義，從而達(dá)到使本義更加幽默，更加諷刺的效 果。 Well, of course, I knew t

49、hat gentlemen like you carry only large notes. 啊，當(dāng)然，我知道像你這樣的先生只帶大票子。 店員這句話意在諷刺這位穿破衣的顧客：像你這樣的人怎么會(huì)有大票子呢？名為“gentlemen” 實(shí)則 “beg gar” 而已。十一、Euphemism就是用轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角的說法來代替直截了當(dāng)?shù)脑?，把原來顯得粗魯或令人尷尬的語言溫和、含蓄地表達(dá)出來。這在漢語中叫委婉語。例如：用sanitation engineer替代garbage man(清潔工)用the disadvantaged替代the poor(窮人)用industrial action替代strike(

50、罷工)十二、Transferred epithet（移就/轉(zhuǎn)類形容詞）是采用表示性質(zhì)和特征的形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞來修飾、限定與它根本不同屬性的名詞。這種修辭手法能與漢語中的移就基本相似。例如：The doctor's face expressed a kind of doubting admiration. （用"疑惑"修飾限定"欽佩"）醫(yī)生的臉上流露出欽佩而又帶有疑惑的神情。十三、矛盾修辭法(Oxymoron) 用兩種不相調(diào)和，甚至截然相反的特征來形容一項(xiàng)事物，在矛盾中尋求哲理，以便收到奇警的修辭效果，這就是矛盾修辭法，用這種方法，語言精煉

51、簡潔，富有哲理，并產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的邏輯力量，產(chǎn)生一種出人意料，引人入勝的效果。例如：in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混亂) and proud humility(侮辱).十四、仿擬(Parody) 根據(jù)家喻戶曉的成語或諺語，臨時(shí)更換其中的某個(gè)部分，造成新的成語或諺語；或者根據(jù)古今名言警句，在保持其原句不變的情況下，更換其中部分詞語，這種修辭方式叫仿擬。1、To lie or not to lie-the doctor's dilemma(撒謊還是不撒謊醫(yī)生的難題)看到這個(gè)標(biāo)題，我們不禁想起莎翁戲劇Hamlet中那個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)也解不透的句子“To be

52、 or not to be, that is the question”。顯然，文章的題目由此模仿而來，給人印象深刻。2、Lady hermits who are down but not out(窮困而不潦倒的女隱士們)文中的down but not out源于down and out,原是拳擊比賽的術(shù)語，后來喻指窮困潦倒的人。十五、Antithesis (對(duì)語、對(duì)句、平行對(duì)照) 它是把意義相反或相對(duì)的語言單位排列在平行、對(duì)稱的結(jié)構(gòu)里,以求取一種勻稱的形式美和強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)照感。Antithesis 有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn):一是語義上的對(duì)照性,二是結(jié)構(gòu)上的對(duì)稱性。因此, 該辭格可看作是Parallelism(

53、平行) 與Contrast (對(duì)照) 的結(jié)合,故譯作“平行對(duì)照”。體現(xiàn)Antithesis 的語言單位可分為兩個(gè)層次,即詞語和句子, 所以又將Antithesis 譯為“對(duì)語”、“對(duì)句”。英語Antithesis 形式整齊對(duì)稱,音律節(jié)奏鏗鏘,內(nèi)容既適于反襯對(duì)照,又適于重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào),在形、音、義各方面都具有鮮明的修辭功能。Antithesis 的使用能揭示事物的矛盾性,對(duì)照的語句往往說得巧妙機(jī)智,寓意深刻,蘊(yùn)含著某種人生的哲理或真諦,常見于英語諺語、名言、演說及文學(xué)作品中。例如:1、Knowledge makes humble , ignorance makes proud. (Proverb)有知

54、使人謙卑, 無知使人驕矜。2、A pessimist is one who makes difficulties of his opportunities ; an optimist is one who makes opportunities of his difficulties.悲觀的人把機(jī)會(huì)變成困難; 樂觀的人將困難化為機(jī)會(huì)。3、Ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country. (John Kennedy: Inaugural Address)不要問國家能為你們做些什么,而要問你

55、們能為國家做些什么。上述兩個(gè)例句體現(xiàn)了一種特殊的Antithesis ,句中同樣采用“交錯(cuò)配列法”, 用詞巧妙,交叉重復(fù),前后對(duì)照,含義雋永。十六、頭韻法（alliteration）頭韻是一種語音修辭方式，它指在文句中有兩個(gè)以上連結(jié)在一起的詞或詞組，其開頭的音節(jié)有同樣的字母或聲音，以增強(qiáng)語言的節(jié)奏感。常用于文章的標(biāo)題、詩歌及廣告語中，簡明生動(dòng)，起到突出重點(diǎn)，加深印象，平衡節(jié)奏，宣泄感情的作用。How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.十七、擬聲（on

56、omatopoeia）是摹仿自然界中非語言的聲音，其發(fā)音和所描寫的事物的聲音很相似，使語言顯得生動(dòng)，富有表現(xiàn)力。 1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing. 在學(xué)校房屋的屋頂上一些鴿子正輕輕地咕咕叫著。 2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or feltsunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接觸到所有夠得著的或者感覺得到的東西，如陽光呀，絲綢擺動(dòng)時(shí)的沙沙聲呀，昆蟲的叫聲呀，開門的吱嗄聲呀，親人的說話聲呀。十八、Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(強(qiáng)烈地). It is usually terse and arouses i