如何做高考單項(xiàng)填空

1、如何做高考單項(xiàng)填空高考單項(xiàng)填空題的障礙設(shè)置命題人為了增大試題的難度，綜合考查考生的能力，往往在題干或選項(xiàng)中設(shè)置不少障礙。了解命題人設(shè)置障礙的主要方法，就能迅速排除干擾，準(zhǔn)確地得出答案。高考單項(xiàng)填空試題的障礙設(shè)置主要有以下六種類(lèi)型。1.題干由單一的陳述句向疑問(wèn)句、倒裝句、感嘆句、省略句、插入語(yǔ)等多種形式轉(zhuǎn)化。例1：She thought I was talking about her daughter, _ in fact, I was talking about my daughter. NMET 95A. whom B. where C. which D. while分析此題難點(diǎn)就在于插入語(yǔ)

2、in fact的干擾，正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，省去插入語(yǔ)，答案就容易選出。A、B、C三項(xiàng)是關(guān)系詞，不合題意，故D正確。2.知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查由單一向多元化轉(zhuǎn)變，即在同一試題中考查兩個(gè)（或兩個(gè)以上）的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。例2：The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. NMET 94A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play分析此題考查see用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用什么形式和現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。根據(jù)see一詞主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)see sb. doing (do)可知變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)后只有A項(xiàng)正確。3.題干由句子

3、向?qū)υ?huà)轉(zhuǎn)化，使題目語(yǔ)境化，從而增加干擾性。例3：Do you remember _ he came?Yes,I do, he came by car. NMET 94A. how B. when C. that D. if分析單獨(dú)從首句看，似乎四項(xiàng)都對(duì)，但答語(yǔ)中的by car對(duì)語(yǔ)境作了限定，故A項(xiàng)正確。例4：There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.It _ a comfortable journey. NMET 95A. cant be B. shouldnt C. mustn

4、t have D. couldnt have been分析通過(guò)上下文的語(yǔ)境可知小車(chē)上本來(lái)就有5人，但是他們還是讓我上了車(chē)。這說(shuō)明車(chē)上很擁擠，所以這不可能是一次很舒服的旅程，因此D項(xiàng)正確。4.分隔現(xiàn)象對(duì)主要成分的干擾。命題人往往利用介詞短語(yǔ)、從句、插入語(yǔ)等將主要成分與空格分開(kāi)，使考生弄不清句子結(jié)構(gòu)而誤選答案。例5：The day they looked forward to _.A. come B. coming C. came D. comes分析如果不認(rèn)真分析句子，就會(huì)把look forward to作為謂語(yǔ)，而選B。但該句中they looked forward to是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞

5、the day，可見(jiàn)此句缺少謂語(yǔ)，故C項(xiàng)正確。5.母語(yǔ)及文化對(duì)思維的干擾。漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)是兩種不同的語(yǔ)言，用法上自然有差異，中國(guó)人和西方人在各類(lèi)習(xí)慣上也不同，命題人就會(huì)利用這些差異來(lái)誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生。例6：Hello. May I speak to Zhao Hua?Yes. _. NMET 92A. My names Zhao Hua B. Im Zhao HuaC. This is Zhao Hua speaking D. Zhao Huas me分析這是一道考查電話(huà)用語(yǔ)的題目，如果從漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣和方式來(lái)考慮就會(huì)選A或B。但正確答案是C，只有它才符合西方文化的習(xí)慣。6.思維定勢(shì)對(duì)解題的干擾。思維定勢(shì)是命

6、題人利用考生對(duì)某些知識(shí)點(diǎn)的過(guò)分熟悉的心理來(lái)設(shè)置障礙，而該題又恰好不是考查這種熟悉的用法，如果考生不加分析，就很容易誤選。例7：Charies Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. NMET 93A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented分析由于考生對(duì)consider doing sth.這一用法十分熟悉，如不加分析，就會(huì)誤選B。但consider在此句的含義是“認(rèn)為”，而不是“思考”，作“認(rèn)為”講時(shí)，后接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，加之該句不定式的動(dòng)

7、作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，故用不定式的完成式。因此C項(xiàng)正確。單項(xiàng)填空題精選1. He was so angry at all _ I was doing _ he walked out and closed the door angrily.A. that; that B. what; that C. that; what D. which; which2. It was Johnson, _ studied very hard, _ often offered us help.A. that; that B. who; which C. who; that D. that; who3. Wi

8、th everything she needed _, she went home.A. to buy B. buying C. bought D. buy4. Ill hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker.A. who B. that C. which D. whom5. Take your problem to the person _ can help you.A. whom you think B. you think who C. who you think D. you think whom6. Her face wen

9、t red _ he said at such a big party.A. because of what B. because C. because of D. because what7. He never came home _ Sunday.A. except B. except when C. except that D. except on8. The way he thought of _ the problem is wonderful.A. working at B. to work at C. working out D. to work out9. Its said that the thief _ yesterday _ 100,000 _ the bank.A. caught; had stolen; from B. caught; stolen; fromC. was caught; stole; fr