復(fù)合句定語從句

1、復(fù)合句定語從句1.Mary is a beautiful girl. 形容詞作定語 Mary is a girl who has long hair. 句子作定語,修飾girl, 叫做定語從句 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語從句 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞 when, why, wherewho, what,that, whom,whose在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句，叫做定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。定語從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 （包括先行詞） + 關(guān)系詞 + 定語從句。其中對關(guān)系詞的考查是中考重要的考點。關(guān)系詞作用：1. 代替先行詞; 它還在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分; 3. 同時連

2、接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 （把主句和從句連起來）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。關(guān)系詞判 斷 步 驟 :首先，要看先行詞。 如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系代詞 可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系代詞可用which或that; 然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表 最后，定語從句謂語動詞和先行詞一致. 注:定語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的限制。 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. 定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或

3、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)成分先行詞關(guān)系代詞that主語、賓語人、物who主語、賓語 人whom賓語人which主語、賓語物whose定語（后須接名詞）人、物 關(guān)系副詞when狀語 時間where地點why原因 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞which, that, whom在定語從句中作賓語時，也可以省略。 在一般情況下，關(guān)系代詞that和which(指物)或who(指人)可以互換，但在下列幾種情況下，常只用that：當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時； 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時；當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only等修飾時； 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。當(dāng)主句已有疑問詞 who或which時，用that。1

4、. This is the most interesting story(_ )I have ever heard.2. Here is something( _) I will tell you.3. I can remember well the persons and some pictures (_) I see. 4. Is it the one _ you want ? 5. Who is the woman _was praised at the meeting? that和who不能緊跟在介詞后作介詞賓語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞whom， which置于介詞后（但如果介詞不前置仍放于句

5、尾，則可用 that 作引導(dǎo)詞，而且可以省略。）如：正This is the room (that/ which) the old man lives in.正This is the room in which the old man lives誤 This is the room in that the old man lives 在定語從句中作介詞賓語，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：That was the man about whom they were talking. 【

6、策略指導(dǎo)】 解決有關(guān)定語從句的題目時，首先要根據(jù)先行詞確定好關(guān)系詞，同時要記住一些特殊情況，這樣才能做到萬無一失。定語從句的用法:1.當(dāng)先行詞是物時, 用which 或that引導(dǎo). These are the trees _ were planted last year.which 指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省) Is this the library (which/that) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books?2.當(dāng)先行詞是人時, 用who, whom, t

7、hat引導(dǎo).The man _is speaking at the meeting is a worker. ( )The boy who /that sits in front of me is Tom. ( )The man (whom/who/that) everyone likes is kind. (賓語)who, whom, whose, that用法區(qū)別.1. who 作定語從句的主語或賓語.2.Whom 作定語從句的賓語,在口語和非正式文體中常用who代替，可以省略. The woman (whom/who/that) they wanted to visit is a tea

8、cher. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如 介詞提前則不能省) The man (whom/who/that) I talked to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.3.Whose 是代詞的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.【真題再現(xiàn)】1. He is the only student _plays table tennis better than Jim. A. why B. where C. that D. which解析：題干是

9、一個含定語從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞the only student是人，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，關(guān)系代詞that可指代人。 why和where是可引導(dǎo)定語從句 的關(guān)系副詞， why表原因，先行詞往往是表示原因的名詞(reason等)， when表時間，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞(time, day, hour, year等)。2. This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom解析：該定語從句中的先行詞the dictionary是 物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞wh

10、ich可指代物。關(guān)系代詞whose可指代人（ 的），也可指代物（ 的），但在從句中常作定語；關(guān)系代詞whom一般都指代人，在從句中常作賓語。而what不引導(dǎo)定語從句。3. This is the question _ we are talking about now. A. that B. who C. where D. when解析：在這里先行詞是the question，指物，關(guān)系代詞that可以指代物，而其他選項不可指代物。4. Jack, there is someone in the office _would like to speak with you. A. who B. wh

11、ich C. whom D. when解析：在這里先行詞是someone，指人，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語。關(guān)系代詞who和whom都可指代人，但whom在從句中充當(dāng)賓語。而關(guān)系代詞which一般指代物。5. We know Jackie Chan _ movies are very popular with the young.A. whose B. that C. who D. which解析：該句中先行詞是Jackie Chan，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語，選項中只有A項符合題意?！粳F(xiàn)場練兵】用關(guān)系代詞填空2. The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my class

12、mate.3. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.4. I hate people _ talk much but do little.5. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.6. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.7. Is there a student _ father is a business man?8. This is the house in _ we have lived fo

13、r 10 years.9. Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.10. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.11. Say all _ you know.12. Is there anything _ I can do for you?單項選擇( ) 1. There are many volunteers _are helping the chi

14、ldren in Sichuan.And most of them are college students.A. which B. when C. whose D. who( ) 2. Who is the woman _ was talking to our English teacher?Oh! Its Mrs. Baker, our new math teacher.A. whose B. that C. whom D. Which( )3.The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B.

15、where C. what D. in which( )4.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke( )5.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed( )6.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. Which D. in which( )7.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what( )8.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. Who( )9. The dinner was the most expensive meal