英語長難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析(含2019年高考全國1-3卷試題長難句)

1、英語長難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析含2021年高考全國1-3卷長又t句英語中句子最根本的句式只有五種,其他各種句式都是由這五種根本句式轉(zhuǎn)換而來.五種根本句式如下：1主語+謂語不及物動詞2主語+謂語及物動詞+賓語3主語+系動詞+表語4主語+謂語及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語5主語+謂語及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語此外還有特殊句式如therebe-,強(qiáng)調(diào)句,倒裝句等.但是在真實的語言環(huán)境中,句子結(jié)構(gòu)遠(yuǎn)非這么簡單.復(fù)雜主語、復(fù)雜賓語、復(fù)雜介詞短語,還有各種復(fù)雜的定語和狀語等修飾成分讓句子變得異常復(fù)雜.高考閱讀理解、完型填空和語法填空經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長難句,影響考生對語篇文段的理解.另外,新高考將包括兩個寫作題：讀后續(xù)

2、寫概要寫作和應(yīng)用文寫作.在評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中把“盡力使用較復(fù)雜語法結(jié)構(gòu)視為是否得高分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一.因此,學(xué)會分析長難句顯得格外重要.一個句子之所以成為長難句,就是由于句子各局部成分和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,具體說就是句中出現(xiàn)了復(fù)雜主語、復(fù)雜賓語、復(fù)雜修飾語介詞短語、非謂語動詞、定語和狀語以及各種從句等.下面分類解析：一、復(fù)雜主語包括下歹肝青形：含有連詞如and,bothand,either.or.,neither.nor.,notonly.butalso,aswella§非謂語動詞做主語；主語從句充當(dāng)主語；同位語結(jié)構(gòu)做主語等.如：Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool

3、,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage從事indangerousandriskybehavior.2021高考全國I卷閱讀理解Daswellas連接thosewho.與thoseleastliked.做主語Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butweknowthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagony痛苦ofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.劭詞不定式todo結(jié)構(gòu)做主

4、語Connectingtothecommunity社區(qū)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.2021高考全國II卷閱讀理解B-ing形式做主語Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.201階國H卷閱讀理解D-ing形式做主語Whatyouneedisagreatteache

5、rwholetsyoumakemistakes.2021考全國I卷閱讀理解B主語從句充當(dāng)主語Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwho?hadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,?started?abusiness.2021全國甲卷閱讀理解D同位語結(jié)構(gòu)做主語、主謂之間被介詞短語、定語從句或非謂語動詞分隔Mr.Robbins,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,isleavingLondonforParis.Somepeople?think?that?thegreatCh

6、inesescholarConfucius,?who?livedfromroughly551to479.,?influenced?thedevelopmentofchopsticks.2021全國內(nèi)卷語法填空FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.2021全國新課標(biāo)甲卷閱讀理解DAccordingtothereport'skeyfindings,thepr

7、oportion比例Iwhosaytheypercentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.2021全國卷II閱讀C_neverorhardlyeverrerferfrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9Thewomansittingatthedesk,seeingmymadness,sympatheticallyjumpedup.2021全國甲卷完形填空、復(fù)雜表語包括非謂語動詞、表語從句等.OnereasonwasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickperso

8、ncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.2021高考全國卷H短文改錯表語從句中還含有一個同位語從句Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbe2021全國卷I閱讀C表語從句中還含有while并列句四、復(fù)雜賓語包括非謂語動詞、并列賓語從句介詞后和動詞后等.Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmad

9、etheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness-earryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.2021r國I卷I閱讀理解D賓語從句中含有定語從句Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscang

10、et2021全國II卷閱讀理解D賓語從句中含有-ing形式和定語從句Inordertopasstheclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperon howweplantoapplywhatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,eventually,toourlives.2021全國卷H完形填空是介詞on所帶的賓語從句,是動詞apply所帶的賓語從句Axaniwroteinhispostthatheisnotlookingforanythinginreturnand thatthewomanwhous

11、estheextraticketcanchoosetoeithertravelwithhimortaketheticketandtravelonherown.2021全國in卷完形填空wrote帶有2個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,第個賓語從句含有who引導(dǎo)的定語從句五、復(fù)雜定語包括非謂語動詞、形容詞短語、介詞短語、多個定語從句等.It'anamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.2021全

12、國卷I閱讀理解A省略了that/which的定語從句TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.?2021全國新課標(biāo)內(nèi)卷閱讀理解Cwho引導(dǎo)定語從句ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshow

13、inthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.2021全國新課標(biāo)乙卷語法填空when引導(dǎo)的定語從句中含有-ed形式和-ing形式做定語ThursdayseesusmaketheshortjourneytoPariwherewewillvisitDisneylandParispark,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthefirewor2021全國卷H閱讀Awhere引

14、導(dǎo)定語從句Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad2021全國新課標(biāo)內(nèi)卷閱讀理解D含有三個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句Also,itisnotuncommonanymoretofindcarpenters木匠withcollegedegreesandcarpenterswithasolidknowledgeofmathematics,whichwouldenabl

15、ethemtodealwithmoredifficulthousedesigns.含有兩個with介詞短語做定語和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句Now,usingteethandbonepiecestakenfromthebabysgrave,scientistshavecomparedtheDNAfromtheUnknownChildwiththosecollectedfrommembersoffivefamilieswholostrelativesontheTitanicandneverrecoveredthebodies含有兩個-ed形式做定語和who引導(dǎo)的定語從句六、復(fù)雜同位語同位語從句Wh

16、iletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencethattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.2021全國I卷語法填空ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandli

17、veTV.2021全國H卷閱讀理解Bthat引導(dǎo)同位語從句,同位語從句內(nèi)部含有although引導(dǎo)的狀語從句Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou'refortunatenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback-hewithhisNewmansOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.2021年全國II卷閱讀理解Bthat引導(dǎo)同位語從句,同位語從句內(nèi)部含有if引

18、導(dǎo)的狀語從句七、復(fù)雜狀語包括介詞短語、非謂語動詞、多個狀語從句等.Withthecollegeentranceexaminationaroundthecorner,allthestudentsareoccupiedwiththeirrevision.with介詞短語做狀語BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextofLovesLaboursLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL佻式手語,DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare'scomedyandaimsto

19、buildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience2021全國H卷閱讀理解A兩個by介詞短語做狀語Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat2021全國縫cream閱讀B-ed形式做狀語TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelec

20、triccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB"inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.2021全國ID卷閱讀理解D動詞不定式todo做狀語DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsightmyhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrown'sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedr

21、estaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarltonwhereluckilyformeIwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight2021全國新課標(biāo)I閱讀理解Bas和when引導(dǎo)狀語從句Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons-anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhaps

22、themostabundantbirdsintheworld.2021全國新課標(biāo)I閱讀理解Bwhen引導(dǎo)狀語從句中,含有-ing形式做狀語Giventhatmanypeople'smoods情緒areregulatedbythechemicalactionofchocolate,itwasprobablyonlyamatteroftimebeforesomebodymadethechocolateshopsimilartoadrugstoreofChinesemedicine.2021全國新課標(biāo)H閱讀理解C-ed形式做狀語,before引導(dǎo)狀語從句Inasecondstudyprese

23、ntedatthemeeting,scientistsfromtheUKandDenmarkshowedthatevenafewdaysofhightemperaturescanseverelyreduceproductionofcrops,suchaswheat,soyabeans,riceandgroundnuts施生,ifitoccurswhentheplantsareflowering.福建卷if和when引導(dǎo)狀語從句Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoun

24、glessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs,itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.2021廣東卷B兩個if弓I導(dǎo)并列狀語從句八、多個從句且從句套從句Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasis®ifhewantstohavealittleinteraction交流.2021高考全國II卷閱讀理解C是賓語從句,是定語從句,是狀語從句Fort

25、hiscourierjob,you'reconsciouslyaware?thatinthatboxyou'vegotsomething?that?ispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody'2s16e國乙卷閱讀理解C是賓語從句,是定語從句Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystopswhatmaybeimplied暗示isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinui

26、ng.2021全國新課標(biāo)乙卷閱讀理解D是狀語從句,是主語從句,是表語從句,是賓語從句 Ifsomeoneknocksandisnotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou'rebusyotheycangetthehint%示thatwhenthedoorisclosed,yourenottobedisturbed.2021全國II卷閱讀七選五是狀語從句,是賓語從句,是同位語從句,是狀語語從句Butyoucan'besuccessfulCDwhentheres'alackoftrustinarelati

27、onship thatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.2021全國新課標(biāo)I閱讀七選五是狀語從句,是定語從句,是定語從句Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto whoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhous02

28、007高考廣東卷是賓語從句,是定語從句,是賓語從句Studiesshowthatsocialsciencemajorsaremostsuitedforchange,whichistheleadingfeatureofthekindofhighspeed,highpressure,high-techworldwenowlivein.是賓語從句,是定語從句,是定語從句Itisimportantbecauseitshow您thatregularphysicalexerciseenablesustomakebetteruseoftheoxygenwebreatheinandthatthistraini

29、ng,infact,reducestheamountofworkDourheartsdo.遼寧卷是狀語從句,是賓語從句,是定語從句,是并列賓語從句,是定語從句九、復(fù)雜并列句包含從句Thelikables'p®y-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.2021高考全國I卷閱讀理解DWewent10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluablep

30、layer,but?Ioftenhadcrazydreams?inwhich?IwastoblameforMiller'saccidei2021全國丙卷完形填空Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious隹為情whenthey'reinpoorlylitplaceandsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.2021全國新課標(biāo)H閱讀理解BWhentheweatherisfairandsettled,theyareclothedinblueandpurple,andprinttheirbeautifulshapesonthecleareveningsky,butsometimeswhenitiscloudless,graysteamgathersaroundthetopofthemountainswhich,inthelastraysofthesettingsun,willshineandlightuplikeacrownofglory.2004全國卷十、多個非謂語動詞Then?th