一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法及結(jié)構(gòu)

1、般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法及結(jié)構(gòu)宇文皓月一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法一般過(guò)去時(shí)暗示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也可暗示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常和暗示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yesterday,lastweek,lastnight,in2003,twodaysago等?！九e例】gotupat6:30yesterday.天6:30起床。Myfatherwasverybusylastweek.我父親上周很忙。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他”或者“主語(yǔ)+was/were+其他”?！九e例】playedtennislastweekend.我上周末打網(wǎng)球了我的學(xué)校郊游棒極Myschooltripw

2、asgreat.了。否定句“主語(yǔ)+didn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他”或“主語(yǔ)+wasn't/weren't+其他”。Thegirldidntplaycomputergamesyesterdayafternoon.這個(gè)女孩昨天下午沒(méi)玩電子游戲。OldHenrywasn'thappylastFriday.上星期五老亨利不高興。一般疑問(wèn)句“Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？”肯定回答為“Yes，主語(yǔ)+did”，否定回答為“No,主語(yǔ)+didn't”或者"Was7Were+主語(yǔ)+其他？”肯定回答為“Yes，主語(yǔ)+wa"were”，否定回答為“No,主

3、語(yǔ)+wasn't/weren't”?！九e例】-Didyougotothebeach?你們?nèi)ズ┝藛?？Yes,wedid./No,wedidn't.是的，我們?nèi)チ恕?不,我們沒(méi)有。WasyourweekendOK?你的周末過(guò)得還行吧？Yes,itwas./No,itwasnt.是的，還行。/不，不成。特殊疑1可句：特殊疑1可詞+般疑1可句（順序）？【舉例】WhatdidLiLeidolastweekend?李雷上周末干什么了？Hevisitedhisgrandparents.他去看了他的祖父母。Wherewereyouyesterday?你昨天在哪兒？Iwasathome

4、.我在家里。為了便于記憶行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）的一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法及結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可用以下歌訣來(lái)幫忙記憶：動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)，暗示過(guò)去發(fā)生事。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，過(guò)去時(shí)間作標(biāo)記。否定形式很簡(jiǎn)單，主語(yǔ)之后didn't添。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要還原。疑問(wèn)構(gòu)成有規(guī)則，主語(yǔ)前面加did。過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成be動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成：系動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去式有兩種形式：was和were。其中was是am和is的過(guò)去式，were是are的過(guò)去式。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成：一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加一ed?！九e例】walktwalkedplayplayed以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞末尾只加一d?！九e例】lovetloveddecidedecided結(jié)尾是“

5、輔音字母+y”的動(dòng)詞。先將y變成i,再加一ed?！九e例】studystudiedcarrycarried末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫該輔音字母，再力口一ed?！九e例】stop7stoppedplanplanned規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式構(gòu)成方法可用以下口訣來(lái)記憶：過(guò)去式構(gòu)成有規(guī)律，一般詞尾加一ed如果詞尾有個(gè)e（不發(fā)音的），只需直接加上一d?！拜o音字母+y”在詞尾，變y為i加一ed。“一輔重閉”作尾巴，雙寫之后加一ed。隨堂練習(xí)：一. 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。二. am/is2.do3.go4.have5.isnt6.arent7.spend8.cookread10.clean11.live

6、12.study用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列對(duì)話。1. Howwasyourweekend?Itgreat.Whatyoulastweekend?Isomehomework.2. Whatshelastweekend?Shetothebeach.3. Whattheydolastweekend?Theytothemovies.三. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. We(enjoy)ourselvesatthepartylastnight.2. Jack(study)fortheEnglishtestlastSunday.3.you(go)totheGreatWalllastyear?4. What5

7、. Theoldday(be)man(be)illityesterday?andwenttoseeadoctor.6. We7. We(have)aparty_(visit)andwenthome.8.一How(be)thestudents?Theywereveryfriendly.Heoften(have)supperathome.Todayhe(have)supperatschool.9. Wehadgreatfun(play)inthewater.10. Thatmademe(feel)veryhappy.11. he(have)lunchatnin

8、e?No,hedidn't.12. They(buy)aguitaryesterday.四.句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.Hecameherelastmonth.(改為否定句）Heherelastmonth2.Theyplayedfootballthismorning.（改為“般疑1可句并作簡(jiǎn)略回答)3. theyfootballthismorning?Yes,they./No,theyTheywenttoBeijinglastyear.（就劃線部分提問(wèn)）theylastyear.TomwatchedTVlastnight.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句）TomTVlastnight?Marydoeshomewor

9、keveryday.（用lastnight改寫句子）Mary一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法與結(jié)構(gòu)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的定義及構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)暗示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。（1）be（am,is,are）動(dòng)詞：（作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)）肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are）+其它。如：Iamastudent.（主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+名詞）Theyarehungry.(主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞)Heisout.(主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+副詞)Thatpenismine.（主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+代詞） Iamfifteen.(主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+數(shù)詞）Thebikeisunderthetree.(主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+介詞短語(yǔ))運(yùn)用

10、am,is,are寫三個(gè)句子否定句：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。運(yùn)用am,is,are寫三個(gè)句子般疑問(wèn)句:Be(am,is,are)+主語(yǔ)+其它-Areyouastudent?Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.運(yùn)用am,is,are寫三個(gè)句特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Whereismybike?運(yùn)用am,is,are寫三個(gè)句子howare)特殊疑問(wèn)句:what,where,who,when,which,whose,how,many,howmuch,whatshape,whatcolour,），找句子中有沒(méi)有b

11、e動(dòng)詞（is,am或者或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或者助動(dòng)詞（特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+be動(dòng)詞（is,am或者are）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或者助動(dòng)詞+其他行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞+（其它）。（作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)）1）主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，肯定句為：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它否定式為：主語(yǔ)+don't+動(dòng)詞原形+其它疑問(wèn)句為：Do+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？e.g.WespeakChinese.DoyouspeakChinese?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.Theydon'tspeakChinese.寫三個(gè)句子2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)：（he,she,it,A/An,單獨(dú)的人或事物:Lily/book）

12、肯定句為：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞（詞尾加s或es）+其它。否定式為：主語(yǔ)+doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其它.疑問(wèn)句式：Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？ HespeaksEnglish. Hedoesn'tspeaksEnglish. -Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.寫三個(gè)句子特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?3)動(dòng)詞+s的變更規(guī)則(1)一般情況下，直接加-s,如：cook-cooks,milk-milks(2)以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，力口-es,如:gues

13、sguesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes(3)以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:studystudies時(shí))(can,could,beableto,may,might,must,haveto,need,shall,should,will,would)時(shí),句子結(jié)構(gòu)為:肯定句：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。否定句：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形一般疑問(wèn)句；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？Eg:HecanspeakEnglish.CanIhelpyou?WhatcanId

14、oforyou?在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)聯(lián)用：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month),onceaweek,onSundays例句:HeusuallyplaysfootballonSundays.一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)talkforgethopestopperformplaysaybuyworryflystudylikemake_take_loverecitebecomecomedrive二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Thechildrenhaveagoodtimeinthepark.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：1. 對(duì)

15、劃線部分提問(wèn)Thereisaboutninehundredpeopleattheconcert.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：2. 對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)Anndoesherhomeworkyesterdayevening.否定句：般疑問(wèn)句對(duì)戈U線部分提問(wèn)4.IreadanEnglishbook.否定句一般疑問(wèn)句肯定/否定回答：對(duì)戈U線部分提問(wèn)5.Mybrotheris>intheparkjustnow.否定句一般疑問(wèn)句對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)句型轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)1.Igotoschoolbefore7:00inthemorning.(he)2.Ialwaysgoshoppingwithmymumo

16、nSunday.(she)3.IsometimesplaycomputergamesafterschoolonSunday.3. (he)IalwaystakeexerciseafterclassonMonday.(mymother)一般過(guò)去時(shí)詳細(xì)講解與練習(xí)題一、巧記一般過(guò)去時(shí)：動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)，暗示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事；be用was或用were,have,has變had;謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，過(guò)去時(shí)間作標(biāo)記；一般動(dòng)詞加-ed,若是特殊得硬記。否定句很簡(jiǎn)單，主語(yǔ)之后didn't添；疑問(wèn)句也不難，did放在主語(yǔ)前；不含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)如果謂語(yǔ)之前有did，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需還原;動(dòng)詞若是was,were,否定就把no

17、t添。含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)疑問(wèn)句也不難，要把was,were放在主語(yǔ)前。二、be的一般過(guò)去時(shí)：學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞be的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，下面有一口訣，它可以幫你們更好地掌握動(dòng)詞be的一般過(guò)去時(shí)。be的過(guò)去時(shí)有四巧：一是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)巧，暗示過(guò)去的短語(yǔ)要記牢；二是形式巧，單數(shù)was,復(fù)數(shù)were;三巧是否定句結(jié)構(gòu)，not緊跟was/were;四是疑問(wèn)句式巧，was/were向前跑（提前）?！疽磺伞繒r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（即標(biāo)記詞）巧。一般過(guò)去時(shí)暗示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，恰巧與暗示過(guò)去的一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。1.yesterday或以其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)yesterdaymorning（afternoon,evening）等；2.由“l(fā)ast+一

18、時(shí)間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：lastnight,lastyear(winter,month,week)等；3.由“時(shí)間段+ago”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：amomentago,ashorttimeago,anhourago4. 等；4.其它：justnow等由某些暗示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的從句等?！径伞啃问角?。它與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，形式多樣：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱單數(shù)或第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用was;主語(yǔ)是第二人稱或其他人稱復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用were。例如:Iwasintheclassroomyesterdaymorning.昨天早上我在教室里。HewasatschoollastTuesday.上周二他在學(xué)校。Theywere

19、overthereamomentago.剛才他們?cè)谀沁??！救伞糠穸ň浣Y(jié)構(gòu)巧與動(dòng)詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，它在動(dòng)詞后面加not即可釀成否7E句，而且was,were與not可以縮寫成wasn't,weren't。即：主語(yǔ)+wasn't/weren't+表語(yǔ)+其他。例如：Iwasnot(=wasn't)hereyesterday.昨入我不在這兒0Myparentswerenot(=weren't)athomelastSunday.上周日我父母不在家?！舅那伞恳蓡?wèn)句式巧。把was,were提到句首，句末用問(wèn)號(hào)即可變成一般疑問(wèn)句即：Was(Were)+主

20、語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)+其他？這恰巧與動(dòng)詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句式相似。例如:Wereyouathomethedaybeforeyesterday?前天你在家嗎？Wasshelatethismorning?今天早上她遲到了嗎？更巧的是疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)也相似，肯定回答用“Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were.;否定回答用“No,主語(yǔ)+wasn't/weren't.。例如：WereWeiHuaandHanMeiherejustnow?剛才魏華和韓梅在這兒?jiǎn)?？Yes,theywere.(No,theyweren't.)是的，她們?cè)?。（不，她們不在。）一、單?xiàng)選擇:從下列各題后所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最

21、佳答案填空。（10）()1.MyfatherillyesterdayAisn'tBaren'tC.wasn'tDweren't()2_yourparentsathomelastweek?AIsBWasC.AreDWere()3.Thetwins_inDalianlastyearTheyherenowA.are;wereB.were;areCwas;areD.were;was()4.yourfatheratworktheday)6.Icleanedmyclassroomyesterday(前天)？AWas;beforeBIs;beforeC.Was;afterDI

22、s;after()5.一WhowasondutylastFriday?A.IamB.IwasC.Yes,IwasD.No,Iwasn'twiththreehoursthreehoursagoCinthreehoursDthreehoursbefore()7.Icamemyhousetwodaysago.AbackonBbacktoCtobackDback()8.?Hedidsomereadingathome.AWhatdoesyourfatherdoyesterdayeveningBWhatdoesyourbrotherdointheschoolCWhatdidyourbrotherd

23、oovertheweekendDWheredidyourbrothergolastSunday()9.Whatdidyoudo?Iwenttothemovies.AnextmorningBovertheweekendCintheweekendDnextMonday()10.Thekoalasleeps,butgetsup.Aduringtheday;attheeveningatdayduringnightCinthedayduringtheevening1. Ddur二、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空。I(have)end.sheterday?No,WhatTomening?ngtheday(10)an

24、exciting(practice)she(do)atnightpartylastweekherguitaryesonSaturdayevHe(watch)TVand(read)aninterestingbook.4. Theyall(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.5.She(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She(stay)athomeand(do)somecleaning.5. Whenyou(write)thissong?I(write)itlastyear.Myfriend,Carol,(study)forthemathte

25、stand(practice)Englishlastnight.6. Mr.Li(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he.7. How(be)Jim'sweekend?It(benot)bad.(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she.1. 三、翻譯下列句子(20)我過(guò)了一個(gè)忙碌但卻刺激的周末。Iexcitingweekend.2. Jenny喜歡看書。昨晚她看了一本英語(yǔ)書。Jennylikes.SheanEnglishbooklastnight.3. Emma®天都看電視。可是昨天他沒(méi)有看。Em

26、maTVeveryday.Butheyesterday.4. 上周六他們做什么了？他們做作業(yè)和購(gòu)物了。WhattheySaturday?Theyhomeworkand5. 今天早上方方得做飯，因?yàn)樗赣H不在家。ThismorningFangfangbeca6. usehisfather你還有的？Whatwould放學(xué)別忘了向老tforgetr.為什么你yesterday.什么要說(shuō)youlike?師說(shuō)聲再見(jiàn)。Don'theteache昨晚沒(méi)有看電視？WhyyouTVlastnight?9. 他在打掃教室的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有塊表。Whenhetheclassroom,heatchontheg

27、round.10. 他什么時(shí)候出生的？1980年。-Whenhe?-1980.四、改寫句子：（20）1、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.（改否定句）Lucyherhomeworkathome.2、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge（冰箱）.（變一般疑問(wèn)句）hemeatinthefridge?3、Therewassomeorangeinthecup.（變一般疑問(wèn)句）thereorangeinthecup?4. Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.（一般疑問(wèn)句）Frankaninterestingbookabouthis

28、tory?Whynotgooutforawalk?（同義句）outforawalk?ThomasspentRMB10onthisbook.（否定句）ThomasRMB10onthisbook.Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweek.（戈U線提問(wèn)）familylastweek?5. IthinksheisLily'ssister.（否定句。注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移）Sallyoftendoessomereadinginthemorning.（否定句）Sallyoftensomereadinginthemorning.Heisatall,thinboy.（劃線提問(wèn)）he?五、改錯(cuò)

29、題(20)1.HowisJaneyesterday?2.Hegotoschoolbybuslastweek.3.Heoftengoeshomeat6:00lastmonth.4.Icanflykitessevenyearsago.5.Didyousawhimjustnow.TomwasntwatchTVlastnight.Ididntmyhomeworkyesterday.8.Hewaitforyouthreehoursago.9.Whofinditjustnow?10.Whatmakehimcry（哭）justnow?六、完形填空(10)Tomdidnotlikedoinghishomewo

30、rk,becausehelikedtodosome1_thingsafterschool.Andhisteacheralways2alotofmistakesinhishomework.Thenoneday,hismathsteacher3atTonrfshomeworkandsawthathegotallhisanswersright.Hewasvery4andsurprised(驚奇)ThenextmorningbeforeclasshecalledTom5_hisdeskand6_tohimYougotallyourhomeworkrightthistime.Didyourfatherhelpyou?”SometimesTom'sfatherhelpedhimwithhishomework,7thistimehedidnthelpTombecausehe8_athome.SoTomansweredNO,SirHeWasbusylastnightsoI9todoit10.”()1.A.othersB.anotherC.theotherD.other()2.A.madeB.foundC.lookedatD.looked()3.A.laughedB.knockedC.lookedD.saw()4