初中英語語法 第一講名詞

1、初中英語語法第一講 名詞（Noun）1. 概念：名詞是表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的詞。2. 分類：專有和普通 （形式） 個(gè)體和集體，物質(zhì)和抽象 （意義） 可數(shù)和不可數(shù)（最常見）3. 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化： 直接在詞尾+s. 以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞+es. 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i+es. 以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，直接在詞尾+s. 以f,fe結(jié)尾的詞，變f,fe為v+es. 以o結(jié)尾的詞，4. 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化： 內(nèi)部元音有變化. eg: foot, tooth, goose, man, woman, mouse 詞尾+en. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形. eg：sheep

2、, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese ！由man,woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，兩者都變。5. 不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示： a/an+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞.復(fù)數(shù)形式：量詞（復(fù)數(shù)）+of+不可數(shù)名詞. “許多，大量”用much, little, a little, some, too much, so much, a great deal of等.6. 名詞所有格：表示兩個(gè)名詞之間的所屬關(guān)系，譯為“的”。（1） 名詞后+s表示有生命的東西. 一般情況下在詞尾+s. 以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只+. 不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞+s. 表示某物為共同所有，只在最后一個(gè)詞后+s.

3、表示某物為各自所有，在每個(gè)名詞后分別+s. 表示時(shí)間，距離，路程，國家的名詞，在詞尾+s. 復(fù)合名詞只在最后一個(gè)詞的后面加s. eg: my sister-in-laws brother.（2） 名詞+of+名詞表示無生命的東西: the leg of the table, the development of the society, the door of the room. （3）雙重所有格: 當(dāng)of前面的名詞有不定冠詞，指示代詞，不定代詞或數(shù)詞（a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several,

4、no, few ,another等）修飾時(shí)，用雙重所有格，雙重所有格只用于表示人的名詞并且都是特指的。其形式為：名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞，名詞+of+名詞s. eg: a poem of Lu Xuns. an old photo of my fathers. a friend of mine/his/hers. Which novel of Dickens are you reading? some friends of my brothers. （4）幾種特殊情況: the key to the door. answers to the question. the entrance to

5、 the station / cinema. tickets for the movie. a check for $1500. 7.隨堂習(xí)題訓(xùn)練。（ ）1. There is good_ for you. I've found your lost watch. 廣東省 A. news B. ideas C. messages D. Thoughts （ ）2. My uncle will come to my house for dinner. I want to buy some _to make a vegetable salad for him.濟(jì)寧 A. meat B. to

6、matoes C. apple juice（ )3. The teacher said we needed to choose three        for the school concert.  重慶  A. farmers       B. doctors       C. drivers       D. singe

7、rs ( )4. At night the Koala bear gets up and eats_.廣元 A. 1eaf B. 1eaves C. leafs ( )5. The PLA man saved three _lives in the accident.濟(jì)南 A. childrens B. children C. child D. childs'( )6. Come on, children. Help yourselves to some_ if you like. 南通 A. fish and chicken B. fishes and chicken C. fish

8、 and chickens D. fishes and chickens( )7. All the _teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. 重慶 A. man B. men C. woman D. Women( )8. Mr Smith always has _to tell us. 青島 A. some good pieces of newsB. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of newes D. some piece

9、of good newes ( )9. Would you like to have a look at some pants? They may fit you well. 一Well, Id like to try those blue_.黃岡 A. pairs B. one C. pant D. pair( )10. Would you like some drinks, boys? 河北 Yes,      , please.     A. some oranges  B. two bo

10、xes of chocolates  C. some cakes  D. two bottles of orange( )11.        exciting news! We will have        long holiday after the exam.  黃岡 A. What an, a     B. What, a      C

11、. How an, the       D. How, the   ( )12. _fathers are both scientists. 咸寧 A. Jim's and Bob B. Jim's and Bob's C. Jim and Bob's D. Jim and Bob( )13. _room is big and brightThey like it very much. 河北 A. Tom and Sam B. Tom's find Sam C. Tom an

12、d Sam's D. Tom's and Sam's( )14. Hows Joys skirt? Her skirt is more beautiful than        .   蘭州 A. her sisters and Kate        B. her sister and Kate  C. her sister and Kates    

13、;    D. her sisters and Kates( )15. Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here? No, its about _.（浙江寧波）  A. 7 minutes walk      B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes walk     D. 7 minutes walk( )16. Come and see me in . With pleasureThats what

14、 I'm expecting. 哈爾濱 A. two or three days' B. two or three day's time C. two or three days' time( )17. I'm going on holiday on the 12th. I have to be back at work on the 26th. So I've got two_ holiday. 臨沂 A. weeks B. week's C. weeks' D. week( )18. Studying in a foreign

15、 country is a different _and you can learn a lot. 鹽城 A. event B. exercise C. experience D. exhibition( )19. -Would you like some_? -No, thank you. I'm not hungry at all. 陜西省 A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee( )20. It's common _that the Japanese eat Sushi. 沈陽 A. information B. knowledge C. d

16、irection D. instruction( )21. The thing that _is not whether you fan or not，but whether you try or not. 蘇州 A. minds B. cares C. matters D. considers( )22. I don't know how to use this machine 一It doesn't matterHere is the_. 江西 A. instruction B. direction C. information D. advertisement( )23.

17、 What do you know about_? Line drawings that show how something works. 沈陽 A. pictures B. diagrams C.programs D.paintings( )24. -Look, the tall building looks very modern. -Yes, and there is a garden on its _. A garden in the air! 河南省 A. top B. ground C. side D. Floor( )25. 一How can I tell one tree f

18、rom another? 一You can mostly tell them by the _of their leaves. 武漢市 A. shape B. size C. age D. color( )26. -Oh! There isn't enough _ for us in the bus. -No hurry. Let's wait for the next. 昆明市 A. place B. land C. room D. floor( )27. 0ur school held an activity called “Recommend Books to Your

19、Teachers”. The students made a _of 1 000 books. 淄博 A. note B. 1ine C. menu D. 1ist專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題目集合一、基礎(chǔ)題。（一）根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語注釋，寫出所缺單詞。1. Weve got a lot of new _ (雜志) in our school library.2. Yesterday the (航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.3. Autumn is my favourite (季節(jié)). 4. -How many _ (小刀)

20、do you have? -Three.5. -Does this piece of (音樂) sound nice? -Yes. Its wonderful!6.We should give our (生命）for our country. 7. He told the doctor that he had a bad _（頭疼).8. One of the ( 科學(xué)家 ) comes from America.9.Today is March 8 th, It s （婦女）Day. 10. The students are (外國人).11. What are 

21、;you going to do in your  (兩個(gè)月的) holiday? 12. Can you find the (區(qū)別) between the two words.13.Do you know the (重要性) of the problem?14.There are (千）of students in that big school. （二）選擇最佳答案。( ) 1. These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. wome

22、n doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor( ) 2. There are many on the mountain. A. apple tree B. apples trees C. apples tree D. apple trees ( ) 3. This is _bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes( ) 4. -Are there any _ on t

23、he farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep( ) 5. -What would you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea D. cakes( ) 6. - They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly. A. some bottles of waters   B. some bottles of wa

24、ter C. some bottle of water     D. some bottle of waters( ) 7. Mike hurt one of his _in the accident yesterday. A. tooth   B. feet   C. hand   D. ear( ) 8. There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes   B. meat   C. potato   D

25、. pears( ) 9. There are many _ in the city. A. Germen   B. Germany   C. Germanys   D. Germans( ) 10. The_ has two _ . A. boys; watches   B. boy; watch   C. boy; watches   D. boys; watch( ) 11. The little baby has two _ already. A. tooth

26、0;  B. tooths   C. teeth   D. teeths( ) 12. -Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly. -But I think we should let _go out first. A. woman and children    B. women and child C. woman and child      D. women and children( ) 13. Are they

27、going to have a party on _ ? A. Childrens Day    B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day      D. Children Day( ) 14. His father went to his doctor for _about his trouble. A. an advice B.some advice C. advices D. the advices( ) 15. Swimming is _in summer. A. a great

28、 fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun ( ) 16. Is there _on that plate? A.some chicken B.any chicken C.some chickens D.any chickens二、提高題。（一）根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞。1. Please close the w_. Its cold outside.2. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_.3. A computer is one of

29、the greatest i_ in the world.4. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival. 5. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.6. Health is more important to me than m_.（二）選擇最佳答案。 ( )1. In the streets there are_ of different colors and sizes.

30、 A. taxi B. the taxi C. the taxis D. taxis ( )2. These girls will become_. when they graduate from the medical college. A. woman doctors B. women's doctors C. women doctors D. the women doctor's ( )3. Usually_ are very careful in doing exercises. A. girl students B. girls students C. girls&#

31、39; students D. girl's students ( )4. The waitress brought us_. A. glasses of juices B. glasses of juice C. glass of juices D. glass of juice ( )5. The news reporter has collected_ about the private schools in the city. A. lots of informations B. a lot of information C. much of information D. ma

32、ny informations( )6. This is. to students of English. A. a useful advice B. useful advice C. one of useful advices D. a piece of useful advice( )7. It was freezing cold outside, so we made. in the office. A. fire B. the fire C. a fire D. some fire( )8. We need plenty of _ and fresh _. A. the sun, ai

33、rs B. suns, airs C. suns, air D. sun, air( )9. They were happy with their_ in their studies. A. great progresses B. great progress C. many progresses D. lot of progress( )10. Finally Billy got _ as a waiter in a café. A. a job B. a piece of job C. a work D. a piece of works( )11. Sorry, my husb

34、and is not in. Would you leave a message? All right. Please give me _. A. a few papers B. some pieces of papers C. some paper D. a paper( )12. The schoolboys had _ climbing up to the top of the hills. A. a good time B. good time C. good times D. the good time( )13. He took down _ while he was listen

35、ing to radio English. A. several news B. a number of news C. a few pieces of news D. some of news( )14. Let's sit down on _ and rest for a while. A. the grass B. the grasses C. grass D. grasses( )15. The ship "Titanic" went down into the sea and thousands of _were lost. A. lifes B. liv

36、es C. life D. the lives( )16. Many thanks indeed. It's_. A. pleasure B. a pleasure C. the pleasure D. great pleasure( )17. It's about _ to the zoo. A. two hours' ride B. two hour's ride C. two-hours ride D. two-hour-ride( )18. Wei Wei showed me . A. some stamps of him B. the stamps o

37、f his C. some his stamps D. some stamps of his( )19. He left his motorcycle outside _ and went in. A. the doctor B. a doctor C. doctor's D. the doctor's( )20. Do you know whose this umbrella is? It may be_. A. Susan B. the Susan C. the Susans D. Susan's( )21. I'd like to have one of

38、that_. A. writer's books B. writer's book C. writer books D. writers' books( )22. Bob dropped_ of milk on the ground and cut his finger on some broken_. A. a glass, glass B. a glass, glasses C. the glass, glasses D. glass, glass( )23. We were walking along the street when an_ came up to

39、us and asked whether we were . A. English, Chinese B. Englishman, Chineses C. Englishman, Chinese D. Englishman, a Chinese( )24. _ telephoned this morning. A. My father friend B. A friend of my father C. A friend of my father's D. One of my father's friend( )25. She looked at herself in the

40、mirror and brushed _ A. her hair B. the hair C. her hairs D. the hairs( )26. These people are_, and those people are_. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germans C. Japaneses, Germen D. Japanese, Germans( )27. My sister was interested in_. A. stories of children B. children stories C. children's

41、stories D. childrens' stories( )28. I wonder how many_ I should pay for the service. A. dollars B. money C. cent D. moneys( )29. On the farm we saw a lot of ._ A. cow and sheep B. cows and sheeps C. cow and sheeps D. cows and sheep( )30. About 120 _ were at the lecture and each_ new book by the

42、speaker. A. people, people B. persons, people C. people, person D. person, person( )31. We often go to Shanghai Library _. A. on Sunday afternoons B. in Sunday afternoon C. on Sunday's afternoon D. in Sunday afternoons( )32. The church across the street has _. A. 800 years history B. a history of 800 years C. 800-year history D. the 800 years' history( )33. I wish you_. The same to you. A. the pleasant journey B. pleasant journey C. pleasant journeys D. a pleasant journey .( )34. Billy, take off your _. Let's have on yo