《危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品企業(yè)重大隱患認(rèn)定指導(dǎo)目錄(試行)

1、從危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品企業(yè)重大隱患認(rèn)定指導(dǎo)目錄（試行）征求意見稿，看未來(lái)安監(jiān)執(zhí)法Predicting the future law enforcement carried out by the Safety Supervision Departments from the Consultation Draft of the Catalogue for Guiding the Identification of Serious Hidden Risks for Hazardous Chemicals Enterprises (Trial) 新安全生產(chǎn)法第38條要求企業(yè)建立安全隱患的排查制度，并且要求地方安

2、監(jiān)局“建立健全重大事故隱患治理督辦制度，督促生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)單位消除重大事故隱患”。同時(shí)，在第67條中指出“負(fù)有安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理職責(zé)的部門依法對(duì)存在重大事故隱患的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)單位作出停產(chǎn)停業(yè)、停止施工、停止使用相關(guān)設(shè)施或者設(shè)備的決定，生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)單位應(yīng)當(dāng)依法執(zhí)行，及時(shí)消除事故隱患?！币虼?，何為“重大隱患”？這將成政府對(duì)企業(yè)行使執(zhí)法權(quán)力的重要依據(jù)。It stipulates in the Article 38 of the Work Safety Law of the People's Republic of China (2014 Amendment) that a business entity s

3、hall establish and improve rules for the screening for and elimination of hidden risks of work safety accidents, requiring the departments with work safety regulatory functions of the local people's governments at and above the county level “to establish and improve rules for supervising the eli

4、mination of hidden risks of serious accidents to impel business entities to eliminate such risks”. Meanwhile, it points out in the Article 67 that “the department with work safety regulatory functions shall, according to law, make decisions on suspension of business operation or production, construc

5、tion, or of use of related facilities or equipment against any business entity in which serious hidden accidents exist, and such business entity shall execute such decisions according to law and eliminate hidden risks of accident without delay”. Therefore, what are "serious hidden risks"?

6、This will become important basis for government to exercise law enforcement powers over enterprises.本次危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品企業(yè)重大隱患認(rèn)定指導(dǎo)目錄（試行）對(duì)第67條的執(zhí)行將產(chǎn)生重要影響。因此，請(qǐng)大家關(guān)注：This Catalogue for Guiding the Identification of Serious Hidden Risks for Hazardous Chemicals Enterprises (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as this Catal

7、ogue) will have great influences on the implementation of the Article 67. Therefore, attention should be paid.本目錄共列舉了43種可被認(rèn)定為“重大隱患”的情況，現(xiàn)整理并摘錄部分企業(yè)常見情況，以方便大家認(rèn)真對(duì)照，防止此類事件在企業(yè)內(nèi)發(fā)生。更多詳細(xì)內(nèi)容請(qǐng)閱讀原文。This Catalogue has listed 43 situations that can be identified as "serious hidden risks". We hereby colla

8、te and extract part of the common situations of enterprises to make you convenient to compare, in order to prevent the occurrence of such incidents in enterprises. For more detailed information, please refer to the original text of this Catalogue. 一：企業(yè)證照不全及周邊條件不滿足要求將列入重大隱患：Firstly, it will be identi

9、fied as serious hidden risks if the enterprise has incomplete licenses or the surrounding situations do not satisfy the requirements號(hào)隱患（原文）編者備注24企業(yè)各類安全許可手續(xù)不齊全，或未在有效期內(nèi)。編者注：歷史遺留問(wèn)題將直接影響企業(yè)的存在與生產(chǎn)。25企業(yè)與周邊的安全距離不滿足要求。26危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品廠際輸送管道被占?jí)夯蜷g距不足。NO.Hidden Risks（the original text）Editors Note24Enterprises safety li

10、censes are incomplete or out of the period of validity.Historical problems will directly affect the existence of enterprises and their production.25The safety distance around the enterprise does not satisfy the requirements.26Pipelines among hazardous chemicals factories is blocked or their distance

11、s are not enough.二：對(duì)人員要求：無(wú)資格、不合格、不懂都將成為重大隱患。Secondly, requirements for the personnel: personnel without qualification certificate, unqualified personnel and personnel lack of knowledge will become serious hidden risks.1涉及“兩重點(diǎn)一重大”企業(yè)的安全管理人員、特種作業(yè)人員和儀表操作人員，未經(jīng)考試考核合格或未持證上崗。編者注：23及43對(duì)管理層的要求是很高的，這是對(duì)決策層的直接要求

12、。2發(fā)現(xiàn)在易燃易爆場(chǎng)所吸煙和脫崗、睡崗、酒后上崗的證據(jù)。3新進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)崗員工未按規(guī)定進(jìn)行安全教育培訓(xùn)并考核合格。4未審核承包商資質(zhì)，未對(duì)承包商作業(yè)人員進(jìn)行安全教育培訓(xùn)并考核合格，未派監(jiān)護(hù)人員對(duì)承包商作業(yè)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)護(hù)。22企業(yè)操作人員不掌握所在崗位涉及危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品及其危險(xiǎn)特性。23企業(yè)管理層缺乏熟悉危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品安全的人員，不熟悉危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品安全管理業(yè)務(wù)。43企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制不清晰的。1The personnel of safety management in enterprises whose hazardous chemicals techniques and hazardous chemic

13、als are under key supervision and whose major hazardous sources are under supervision, special operation personnel and instrument operation personnel do not pass the evaluation test or take position without qualification certificate.Editors Note:23 and 43 propose high requirements for the management

14、, which is the direct requirements for the decision makers.2Discover the evidence of smoking, being off-duty, sleeping while on duty and being on-duty after drinking at flammable and explosive sites.3New workers and those have changed their position have not taken the education and training for safe

15、ty management and passed the evaluation test.4The Contractor's qualification is not examined, the Contractor's operation personnel are not educated and trained for safety production and do not pass the evaluation test, the supervision personnel are not sent to supervise the Contractors opera

16、tion site.22The operation workers in enterprises do not master the hazardous chemicals and their hazardous characteristics.23The management is lack of the personnel familiar with the safety of hazardous chemicals, and the management is not familiar with the safety management of hazardous chemicals.4

17、3The responsibility system of safe production for enterprises leaders is not clear.三：設(shè)計(jì)及制度缺陷導(dǎo)致的重大隱患：Thirdly, hidden risks caused by the fault of designs and rules.5裝置未經(jīng)過(guò)正規(guī)設(shè)計(jì)且未完成設(shè)計(jì)診斷。編者注：HAZOP、MOC等常用的化工企業(yè)安全管理工具進(jìn)入強(qiáng)制性要求。6新開發(fā)的生產(chǎn)工藝未經(jīng)HAZOP分析、工業(yè)化試驗(yàn)以及省級(jí)人民政府有關(guān)部門組織的安全可靠性論證，直接進(jìn)行工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)。7未建立或未嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行變更管理制度。8未建立安全（工藝

18、）操作規(guī)程和工藝控制指標(biāo)。21未將企業(yè)涉及的危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品信息收集整理齊全，并根據(jù)其危險(xiǎn)特性制定安全操作規(guī)定。40危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品未按照分區(qū)分類存放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲(chǔ)存，或超量、超品種儲(chǔ)存危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品，或相互禁配物質(zhì)混放混存。5The device has not been formally designed and the design has not been diagnosed completely.Editors Note：commonly used tools for safety management of chemical enterprise, such as HAZOP and MOC, has b

19、ecome the mandatory requirements.6The newly developed processing techniques directly enter into the industrial production before going through the HAZOP analysis, industrial experiments and the safety reliability demonstration organized by relevant departments of provincial peoples governments.7Rule

20、s for the management of modifications have not established or not strictly carried out.8Operational procedures of safety (techniques) and techniques controlling index have not established.21The information regarding to hazardous chemicals is not completely collected, and the regulations of safety op

21、eration are not formulated according to hazardous characteristics.40The hazardous chemicals are not stored according to the divisional and classification storage standards, or the storage is over the limited quality or limited varieties, or materials are stored with incompatibilities.四：硬件及

22、執(zhí)行不完善（注：這部分涉及的條文較多，這里僅摘抄幾個(gè)經(jīng)常性隱患。）Fourthly, the incomplete of hardwares and the implementation (Notes: many articles are involved in this part, so only several common hidden risks are extracted here.)9安全連鎖不投用或未經(jīng)審批摘除或摘除超過(guò)1個(gè)月。編者注：這些硬件及執(zhí)行的要求對(duì)高危的化學(xué)品企業(yè)是必須，非危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品企業(yè)可以參考執(zhí)行。10在用裝置設(shè)施安全閥、切斷閥或泄壓排放系統(tǒng)關(guān)閉。11生產(chǎn)裝置、設(shè)施超

23、溫、超壓、超液位運(yùn)行。28特殊作業(yè)未辦理作業(yè)許可證。29未倒空置換、加盲板隔離或斷電進(jìn)行檢維修作業(yè)。30動(dòng)火作業(yè)前未進(jìn)行可燃?xì)怏w分析。31進(jìn)入受限空間未進(jìn)行氧含量、有毒氣體和可燃?xì)怏w分析。20控制系統(tǒng)未設(shè)置不間斷電源（UPS）38存在硫化氫和一氧化碳的區(qū)域，未配備便攜式濃度檢測(cè)設(shè)備、空氣呼吸器、化學(xué)防護(hù)服、堵漏器材等器材和設(shè)備35易燃易爆區(qū)域使用非防爆工具和電器。36可燃、有毒氣體、火災(zāi)報(bào)警監(jiān)控儀表無(wú)人連續(xù)值守。37消防水泵未設(shè)置雙動(dòng)力電源。9The safety interlock is not put into operation, is removed without approval

24、or is removed over one month.Editors Note:These hardwares and implemented requirements are essential for hazardous chemicals enterprises, but the non-hazardous chemical enterprises can 10The safety valve, the shut-off valve or the pressure relief system of the equipments and facilities being used is

25、 shut down.11The over-temperature, overpressure and over-liquid-level operation of producing equipments and facilities occur.28The operation license is not obtained for the special operation.29Carrying out the maintenance operation without the empty and permutation work, insulating by adding blind p

26、lates or cutting off the power supply.30Not analyzing the flammable gas before carrying out the hot work.31Not analyzing the oxygen content, the toxic gas and the flammable gas before entering into confined space.20UPS is not established for the control system.38At the area with hydrogen sulfide and

27、 carbon monoxide, equipments and facilities including the portable concentration-detection equipment, the breathing apparatus, protective clothing and the leak stopper are not reserved.35Non explosion-proof tools and electrical appliances are used at flammable and explosive sites.36The monitoring in

28、strument for flammable and toxic gas and the fire alarm is not under the constant attendance.37The dual power supply is not set for the fire pump.本目錄中還提出了地方安監(jiān)部門的執(zhí)行過(guò)程要點(diǎn)： This Catalogue has also proposed the main points of execution for local safety supervision departments.“2.各?。▍^(qū)、市）安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理局要根據(jù)轄區(qū)內(nèi)化工（

29、危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品）產(chǎn)業(yè)特點(diǎn)，制定轄區(qū)內(nèi)的危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品企業(yè)重大隱患認(rèn)定指導(dǎo)目錄和行政處罰標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！?. The safety supervision departments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) shall develop the catalogue for guiding the identification of serious hidden risks for hazardous chemicals enterprises and t

30、he standards for administrative penalties within their respective administrative regions pursuant to chemicals (hazardous chemicals) industrial characteristics in their respective administrative regions.3.化工（危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品）企業(yè)要高度重視重大隱患排查治理工作，定期將本企業(yè)重大隱患排查治理情況報(bào)所在地縣級(jí)安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門。3. Chemicals (Hazardous chemicals)

31、enterprises shall pay high attention to the screening, identification and control of serious hidden risks, regularly report the screening, identification and control work of serious hidden risks in their enterprises to the local safety supervision departments at the county level.4.地方各級(jí)安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門要認(rèn)真開

32、展危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品企業(yè)重大隱患排查治理的監(jiān)督檢查工作，對(duì)檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的重大隱患，必須依法對(duì)相關(guān)企業(yè)予以行政處罰?！?. The local safety supervision departments at all levels shall earnestly carry out the screening, identification and control work of serious hidden risks in hazardous chemicals enterprises, and impose administrative penalties over the corresponding enterprise in accordance with law if serious hidden risks are discovered.編者注：Editors Note:天津爆炸事故之后，如何監(jiān)管危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品企業(yè)成為一個(gè)“看似不可能完成”的任務(wù)。為此，界定重大隱患、迅速對(duì)存在重大隱患的企業(yè)進(jìn)行處理，以降低整體行業(yè)風(fēng)