知識(shí)點(diǎn)和語法教師版

1、Unit3知識(shí)點(diǎn)和語法I. 重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)1. complain v. 抱怨 投訴 n. complaint 可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)？（答：可數(shù)） 向某人抱怨某事的兩種表達(dá)法：（1）complain to sb about sth （2）make a complaint to sb about sth練習(xí)If you don't like the products, feel free to make some _to the manager.(complain)complaints2. care v/n v. care for 照顧 喜歡 care about 關(guān)心 在意 n. take car

2、e of 照顧 with great care 細(xì)心地 adj. careful-副詞carefully 對(duì)小心be careful with careless名詞carelessness練習(xí)1.All your suggestions will be discussed before we come to a decision. (careful)2.Be_ while getting off the train. The ground is wet. (carefully)3.Please take the precious glass there with _ great care. I

3、 don't want it to be broken. A)a B) an C) the D）/carefully， careful, /3.apologize . 道歉 n. apology“因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙说狼浮眱煞N表達(dá)法：（1）apologize to sb for sth （2） make an apology to sb for sth練習(xí)1.Sorry to keep you waiting for such a long time. I must say sorry for the delay. (保持句意基本不變)Sorry to keep you waiting fo

4、r such a long time. I must_ _ the delay.apologize for4.die v. 過去式died 過去分詞died 現(xiàn)在分詞dying短語：死于 die of 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：名詞 death 形容詞 dying“將要死亡的” dead“已經(jīng)死的” deadly“致命的”練習(xí)1. If you take a fish out of water, it _.A. die B. dies C. dying D. died2.Keeping pet dogs can help people learn more about life and _.(die)Stev

5、e Jobs made the fans of Apple from all over the world very sad. (die)B， death， death5.review v/n n. 評(píng)論 v. 復(fù)習(xí) review=go over練習(xí)1.Jack often reviews his lessons after he finishes his homework. (保持句意基本不變)Jack often _ _ lessons after he finishes his homework.goes over6. free adj./adv. adv. 不受束縛 run free

6、adj. 自由的 n. freedom 免費(fèi)的 短語 for free 空閑的練習(xí)1. If you buy this big TV set, you can get the camera free. A) for B)on C) with D) from2. The birds in the cage hope for _(free)A, freedom7. open v. “打開”后必須接賓語，而且不可以和一段時(shí)間詞連用反義詞close/shut adj. “開著的”表示狀態(tài)，可以和一段時(shí)間詞可用反義詞 closedPS： close adj. 親密的 近的“和離得很近”be close

7、to練習(xí)1.The reading room in our neighbourhood is _ from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. on weekdays.A) open B) opens C) openedD) opening 2.Keep the window _ while you are in. A. open B. opening C. opened D. to openA A8.省略to的賓補(bǔ)五看：see look at watch notice observe兩聽hear listen to一感覺 feel三使役（讓）let make have注意：改成被動(dòng)句 to 要

8、還原練習(xí)：1.His parents dont let him _television on school nights.A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watches2.Nowadays people can see fewer and fewer fishermen_with their cormorants.Afished B. to fish C. fishing D. fish3.The difficult operation made the doctor very tired. （青浦） A) feel B) feels C) felt D

9、) feeling4.When Mary saw a policeman _, she shouted at him for help.（虹口）A. comingB. comesC. is comingD. has come5.When Shirley opened the window, she saw her mother _ with her neighbours happily.（徐匯）A. talking B. is talking C. talked D. to talk6. A funny joke made all of us laugh. （改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)）All of us

10、were _ _ _ by a funny joke.A DAAA，made to laugh9. 動(dòng)名詞做主語,注意不能用動(dòng)詞原形來做主語Keeping pet dogs is a good idea. _ a pet dog is a big responsibility. (own)Owning10.keep 保持 飼養(yǎng)(raise) Keep sb/sth doingKeep sb/sth adjKeep adjKeep doing短語： keep (sb) off sth 遠(yuǎn)離 keep in touch 保持聯(lián)系練習(xí)：1.House prices keep _ these year

11、s. The government is expected to do something to control them. （楊浦）A) risingB) riseC) to riseD) rose2. Something must be done to the bird. A)turn off B)take off C)put off D)keep off 3. If you want to keep _ , youd better have more exercise. (health)A D healthy11. memoryn. 記憶 動(dòng)詞 memorize練習(xí)：Its very d

12、ifficult to _ various telephone numbers. (memory)memorizeII重要句型：“Its + adj. + of + sb + 不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么樣”。這一句型中常用形容詞good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等來說明“人”怎么樣。Its kind of you to help me.你幫助我太好了?！癐ts + adj. + for + sb. + 不定式”表示“做某事對(duì)某人來說怎么樣”。常用形容詞有diffi

13、cult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等來說明“事物”怎么樣。It is impossible for us to answer the question. 我們不可能回答這個(gè)問題。表示感情或情緒的形容詞，如glad, pleased, sorry, sad, thankful等常接不定式。Im glad to see you.見到你我很高興。練習(xí)：1. Its _ for him to go out so often because he likes reading at hom

14、e. (usual)2. Its dangerous _ children to play ball games in the street. A. forB. to C. of D. atunusual，forIII 重要語法：一、 被動(dòng)語態(tài)1)被動(dòng)語態(tài)定義：被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式,用來說明主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。如果主語是 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(即某人做某事),便叫主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的區(qū)別不是詞序的區(qū)別,而是主語與謂語意義上的區(qū)別。在英語中只有及物動(dòng)詞和一些相當(dāng)于及在英語中只有及物動(dòng)詞和一些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的詞組才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式。2)被

15、動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。被動(dòng)語態(tài)后的by短語有時(shí)可省去。3) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法： 不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(即不知道誰做)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),省略by短語。如：A man was killed in the accident.(一個(gè)人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(這扇窗子是昨天被打破的)不說或者眾所周知是誰做時(shí),用被動(dòng)語態(tài),省略by短語。如：Rice is also grown in this place.(這個(gè)地方也種水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in t

16、hree years.(三年之后這里將要修建一條鐵路)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,句尾加by短語。如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(書)是魯迅寫的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(寵物狗是不會(huì)被主人宰殺的)4) 注意點(diǎn)：“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”改為被動(dòng)時(shí),可以用間接賓語做被動(dòng)句的主語。如： His teacher gave him a dictionary.He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老師給他一本字典他得到老師一本字典)也可以用直接賓語做被動(dòng)句的主語,但是需用to或者

17、for引出原句的間接賓語。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老師給他一本字典一本字典由老師送給了他) /His father made him a kite.A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父親給他做了一個(gè)風(fēng)箏一個(gè)風(fēng)箏由他的父親做給了他)“動(dòng)詞+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形”改為被動(dòng)時(shí),動(dòng)詞原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.The poor man w

18、as made to work 12 hours a day.(老板讓這個(gè)可憐的人一天工作12小時(shí)這個(gè)可憐人被迫一天工作12小時(shí))“動(dòng)詞+介詞”改為被動(dòng)時(shí),介詞一般在原位不動(dòng)。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.The girls little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顧小弟弟女孩的小弟弟由她照顧著)練習(xí)：1.Magazines cant _ out of the reading room without permission(允許).（盧灣）A) takeB) taking

19、C) be takenD) took2. Did you go to Jims birthday party? （松江）No, I _.A) am not invited B) wasnt invited C) havent invited D) didnt invite3.May I leave now?If your work _, you can go home.（虹口）A. finishes B. is finishedC. has finished D. will be finished4Nick a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he di

20、dnt take it. （青浦）A) is offered B) offered C) was offered D) has offered5. Many streets in Shanghai _ in the past few years because of the World Expo. （楊浦）A) have widenedB) have been widenedC) widenedD) were widened6. The terrible earthquake in Chile killed over four hundred people in February. (改為被動(dòng)

21、語態(tài)) （浦東）Over four hundred people in Chile by the terrible earthquake in February.8.The reporter wrote the article on the morning of April 10th. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) （靜安）The article _ _ by the reporter on the morning of April 10th.9. We will welcome the visitors when they come to Shanghai. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) （奉賢）The visit

22、ors will_ _ when they come to Shanghai.10. People call the man "Wolf Dad" because of his cruel way of parenting. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) （2012 楊浦）The man "Wolf Dad" because of his cruel way of parenting.11. The manager has told us to be more creative in our work. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) （2012靜安） We _ _told to be more creative in our work. CBBCB，were killed， was written， be welcomed， is call