第40課完形填空

1、第40課 完形填空解題策略解題策略 “完形填空完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考查詞語(yǔ)搭配、近義詞辨異、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句既考查詞語(yǔ)搭配、近義詞辨異、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。 .“完形填空完形填空”題要求填入的詞主要有：題要求填入的詞主要有： 1語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞。如：連接詞，連接代詞，連接語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞

2、。如：連接詞，連接代詞，連接副副 詞，關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞等。詞，關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞等。 2具有語(yǔ)法變化的普通詞。如：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣，具有語(yǔ)法變化的普通詞。如：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的級(jí)等。名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的級(jí)等。 3固定搭配短語(yǔ)或詞組中的特定詞。固定搭配短語(yǔ)或詞組中的特定詞。 4同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。 5根據(jù)上、下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。根據(jù)上、下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。 可見，完形填空是一種綜合性較強(qiáng)的題型。它的突出特點(diǎn)可見，完形填空是一種綜合性較強(qiáng)的題型。它的突出特點(diǎn)是起點(diǎn)高、容量大。同學(xué)們

3、只有具備了扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功、較是起點(diǎn)高、容量大。同學(xué)們只有具備了扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應(yīng)這一題型。好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應(yīng)這一題型。 .“完形填空完形填空”題的考查目的：題的考查目的： 1考查同學(xué)們閱讀理解能力?？疾橥瑢W(xué)們閱讀理解能力。 2考查同學(xué)們語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。考查同學(xué)們語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。 3考查同學(xué)們綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的水平和實(shí)踐能力?？疾橥瑢W(xué)們綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的水平和實(shí)踐能力。 .“完形填空完形填空”題解題的主要思路有：題解題的主要思路有： 1通讀全文，領(lǐng)悟大意。通讀全文，領(lǐng)悟大意。 完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出現(xiàn)，因此，通讀全文，完形填空常以文章或段落的

4、形式出現(xiàn)，因此，通讀全文，把握文章整體大意就尤為重要。很多同學(xué)為了省時(shí)間，只看把握文章整體大意就尤為重要。很多同學(xué)為了省時(shí)間，只看選項(xiàng)，不看文章。不看上下文，不尋找文章中句子與句子的選項(xiàng)，不看文章。不看上下文，不尋找文章中句子與句子的關(guān)系，結(jié)果做出來(lái)的答案往往是錯(cuò)誤的。關(guān)系，結(jié)果做出來(lái)的答案往往是錯(cuò)誤的?！纠纠?】(2011嘉興、舟山嘉興、舟山)IMAGINE a life without arms or legs! You cant hold anyone in your 26. You cant walk anywhere with your feet. How would you la

5、st a day like that? Would you 27 at yourself in the mirror like Nick Vujicic, the 29yearold Australian? ( )26. A. arms B. ears C. eyes D. teeth ( )27. A. laugh B. cry C. smile D. shout 答案答案26.A27.C解析：從首句可獲取解析：從首句可獲取26題答案為題答案為A；然而要想獲取；然而要想獲取27題答案題答案需通讀全文才可獲知：需通讀全文才可獲知：Nick Vujicic是微笑著面對(duì)生活。故是微笑著面對(duì)生活。故

6、此處為：你會(huì)像此處為：你會(huì)像Nick Vujicic那樣微笑著面對(duì)鏡子里的自己那樣微笑著面對(duì)鏡子里的自己?jiǎn)?？。故嗎？。?7題選題選C。 2重視首句獲信息重視首句獲信息 重視首句、突破首句。完形填空題所選用短文的第一句話通重視首句、突破首句。完形填空題所選用短文的第一句話通常是不設(shè)空的，目的是給同學(xué)們一個(gè)整體印象，同時(shí)提示短文常是不設(shè)空的，目的是給同學(xué)們一個(gè)整體印象，同時(shí)提示短文的中心內(nèi)容或提供故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、背景等。的中心內(nèi)容或提供故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、背景等?！纠纠?】At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help ot

7、hers. Last year we went to an old peoples 1 and sang songs and performed a play for 2 . The old people were very 3 . We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. For example, we should 4 primary schools and help 5 young students. I want to be a teacher 6 Im older，so it would

8、be a great experience for me. Other students would like to do other jobs. For example, my friend Tian Ge wants to 7 for a newspaper. She should be allowed to volunteer at the newspaper office once a week.( )1. A. home B. bank C. shop D. river( )2. A. us B. them C. him D. her( )3. A. great B. angry C

9、. smart D. happy( )4. A. buy B. have C. visit D. build( )5. A. tell B. ask C. teach D. find( )6. A. how B. when C. where D. why( )7. A. write B. wait C. look D. pay答案答案1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.B7.A解析：首句解析：首句At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others.有提綱挈領(lǐng)之效，簡(jiǎn)明扼要地提示我們，作者有提綱挈領(lǐng)之效，簡(jiǎn)明扼要地提示我們，作

10、者的學(xué)校有一個(gè)特殊的日子，那就是幫助別人獻(xiàn)愛心的日子。的學(xué)校有一個(gè)特殊的日子，那就是幫助別人獻(xiàn)愛心的日子。有助于我們理解全文，甚至讓我們毫不猶豫地確認(rèn)第有助于我們理解全文，甚至讓我們毫不猶豫地確認(rèn)第1題應(yīng)題應(yīng)填單詞填單詞home.3. 運(yùn)用短語(yǔ)搭配及固定句式運(yùn)用短語(yǔ)搭配及固定句式【例【例3】(2011溫州溫州)Grandma helped me wrap the coat in Christmas paper and ribbons, and 21 “To Bobbie, From Father Christmas” on it. A. read B. say C. write D. spel

11、l 答案：答案：C 解析：動(dòng)詞解析：動(dòng)詞write與下文與下文on it搭配意為搭配意為“在上面寫下在上面寫下”。 故選故選C。即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用1：( )(1)Anyway, those strange characters brought happiness back his heart. (2011麗水麗水) A. for B. with C. into D. by( )(2)Many young people end up in a job because they are not _ for it. (2011煙臺(tái)煙臺(tái)) A. suitable B. fitted C. able D.

12、 like( )(3)There is a difference _ an interest and a skill. (2011煙臺(tái)煙臺(tái)) A. both B. between C. from D. eitherCAB4. 運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)【例【例4】(2011溫州溫州)I decided to buy Bobbie a red warm coat _ he would like. A. where B. that C. who D. why 解析：此題考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用。解析：此題考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用。 先行詞先行詞a red warm coat指物，關(guān)系代詞須用指物，關(guān)

13、系代詞須用that或或which。 故選故選B。B即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用2：( )(1)He sat right behind me _ Mrs. Pollacks class. (2011溫州溫州) A. for B. on C. in D. with( )(2)His mother always wrote a note, telling the teacher that he had a cough, _ we all knew that he didnt have a cough, and he didnt have a coat. (2011溫州溫州) A. so B. if C. but

14、 D. andCC 5. 運(yùn)用詞語(yǔ)辨析，選擇判斷運(yùn)用詞語(yǔ)辨析，選擇判斷 此類題的特點(diǎn)是選項(xiàng)中所給的四個(gè)詞詞性相同、詞義相同或此類題的特點(diǎn)是選項(xiàng)中所給的四個(gè)詞詞性相同、詞義相同或相近。主要考查學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中對(duì)所學(xué)詞匯的辨析和運(yùn)相近。主要考查學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中對(duì)所學(xué)詞匯的辨析和運(yùn)用能力。用能力。【例【例5】(2011溫州溫州)Then she drove me over to Bobbies house, telling that I was helping Father Christmas _ the presents. A. give up B. give away C. put up

15、 D. put off 解析：解析：give up放棄，放棄，give away贈(zèng)送，贈(zèng)送，put up張貼，張貼，put off推遲。推遲。 “give away the presents贈(zèng)送禮物贈(zèng)送禮物”符合邏輯。故選符合邏輯。故選B。B即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用3：( )(1)I took a deep breath, rushed to his front door, put the present down. _ the door, rang the doorbell and flew back to the safety of.(2011溫州溫州) A. on B. behind C. ou

16、tside D. over( )(2)he looked _ the second old bag: two small dolls, three small stones coins.(2011臺(tái)州臺(tái)州) A. for B. after C. into D. aroundCC( )(3)When I was about 12 years old, I really wanted a new bike! I_ my parents my birthday wish, . (2011寧波寧波) A. talked B. spoke C. said D. toldD 6. 全面考慮定選項(xiàng)全面考慮定

17、選項(xiàng) 完形填空有些答案的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從詞匯搭配、語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)完形填空有些答案的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從詞匯搭配、語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等角度考慮均行得通，但由于文章是一個(gè)完整的統(tǒng)一體，詞、等角度考慮均行得通，但由于文章是一個(gè)完整的統(tǒng)一體，詞、句、段三者存在著內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，因此考生還要從上下文中尋句、段三者存在著內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，因此考生還要從上下文中尋找有關(guān)的暗示及線索找有關(guān)的暗示及線索(含體裁、時(shí)態(tài)變化線索、詞匯線索、句法含體裁、時(shí)態(tài)變化線索、詞匯線索、句法線索、社會(huì)文化線索、上下文線索等線索、社會(huì)文化線索、上下文線索等)，對(duì)文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯，對(duì)文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，抓住含有關(guān)鍵信息的詞語(yǔ)，理順句子之間的關(guān)系，確定

18、推理，抓住含有關(guān)鍵信息的詞語(yǔ)，理順句子之間的關(guān)系，確定正確的答案。正確的答案。 注意：不要試圖從頭至尾地去解答完形填空題。有的選項(xiàng)內(nèi)注意：不要試圖從頭至尾地去解答完形填空題。有的選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在短文的其他地方有較為明確的提示，甚至原封不動(dòng)地重現(xiàn)。容在短文的其他地方有較為明確的提示，甚至原封不動(dòng)地重現(xiàn)。 (1)運(yùn)用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，選擇判斷。運(yùn)用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，選擇判斷。 復(fù)現(xiàn)有原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同詞根復(fù)現(xiàn)、復(fù)現(xiàn)有原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同詞根復(fù)現(xiàn)、概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。完形填空中，考生可以利用上下文的復(fù)現(xiàn)信息，概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。完形填空中，考生可以利用上下文的復(fù)現(xiàn)信息，確定正確的表達(dá)方式。確定正確的

19、表達(dá)方式。 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。 為了表達(dá)的需求，有時(shí)在上下文同一概念會(huì)為了表達(dá)的需求，有時(shí)在上下文同一概念會(huì)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)?？忌梢越柚舷挛闹械倪@一信息選擇答案。重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。考生可以借助上下文中的這一信息選擇答案。【例【例6】(2010 溫州溫州)Grandma handed me ten dollars and said, “Take the _ and buy something for someone who needs it. For a few seconds I just stood there, holding the money, . A. book B. coat C. pres

20、ent D. money 解析：本題屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)題。由下文解析：本題屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)題。由下文“holding the money 我拿著錢我拿著錢”可知此處應(yīng)填入可知此處應(yīng)填入money。故選。故選D。D即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用4：( )(1)Grandma parked the car along the street, and we hid behind the trees near Bobbies house. I took a deep breath, rushed to his front door, put the present down. rang the doorbell and fl

21、ew back to the safety of the and Grandma. (2011溫州溫州) A. shop B. cars C. door D. treesD( )(2).“I forget to put this note in it，” she said. When Molly put her arms around her fathers neck, he opened the _ that read: “I love you, Daddy.” (2011臺(tái)州臺(tái)州) A. card B. letter C. note D. book C 同義詞、近義詞、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。同義詞、

22、近義詞、反義同義詞、近義詞、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。同義詞、近義詞、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表達(dá)方式，或解釋性詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表達(dá)方式，或解釋性的語(yǔ)言使上下文語(yǔ)意得以連貫起來(lái)。做完形填空時(shí)，考生應(yīng)的語(yǔ)言使上下文語(yǔ)意得以連貫起來(lái)。做完形填空時(shí)，考生應(yīng)注意分析上下文中出現(xiàn)的解釋性語(yǔ)言。注意分析上下文中出現(xiàn)的解釋性語(yǔ)言?！纠纠?】(2010 溫州溫州) .I ran to my grandmothers house, for she always told the truth. Grandma was at home. I told _ everything. “No Fath

23、er Christmas？”. A. him B. her C. them D. you 解析：本題屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。上文：我向奶奶家跑去，解析：本題屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。上文：我向奶奶家跑去， 奶奶在家。可判斷我告訴她奶奶在家?？膳袛辔腋嬖V她her一切。故選一切。故選B。B即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用5：( )(1)I thought of _ I knew: my family, my friends, my neighbors. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody( )(2)This one didnt look so good. It was _ a

24、nd was held together with tape(膠帶膠帶). (2011臺(tái)州臺(tái)州) A. nice B. old C. empty D. expensiveAB同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)【例【例8】(2011臺(tái)州臺(tái)州)It was Mollys job to hand her father his paper lunch bag each morning before he went to work. One morning, beside his usual lunch bag, Molly _ him a second paper bag. A. handed B. asked C

25、. helped D. bought 解析：本題屬于同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文中的解析：本題屬于同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文中的“hand her father his paper lunch bag遞給她爸爸午餐袋遞給她爸爸午餐袋”，可判斷，可判斷handed為為 正確答案。故選正確答案。故選A。A即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用6：( )The busy father smiled, finished eating and _ away the bags, dolls and stones. .he had thrown them into the trash can(垃圾箱垃圾箱) . (2011臺(tái)州臺(tái)州) A. g

26、ave B. put C. ran D. threw D(2)對(duì)文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，選擇判斷。對(duì)文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，選擇判斷?！纠纠?】(2011溫州溫州)Bobbie _ went to any party during the winter. His mother always wrote a note, telling the teacher that he had a cough，.we all knew that he didnt have a cough, and he didnt have a coat. . A. always B. often C. sometime

27、 D. never 解析：本題考查根據(jù)上下文理解，進(jìn)行推理。根據(jù)下文：他媽解析：本題考查根據(jù)上下文理解，進(jìn)行推理。根據(jù)下文：他媽 媽總是寫紙條告訴老師他咳嗽，媽總是寫紙條告訴老師他咳嗽，我們都知道他沒咳嗽，我們都知道他沒咳嗽， 我們也知道他沒有大衣。判斷：整個(gè)冬天他從未參加任何晚我們也知道他沒有大衣。判斷：整個(gè)冬天他從未參加任何晚 會(huì)。故選會(huì)。故選D。D即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用7：( )(1)“No Father Christmas？” she was a little _. “Dont believe it. Put on your coat, and lets go.” A. angry B. h

28、appy C. tired D. afraid( )(2)Grandma told me Father Christmas never let people know that he _them. (2011溫州溫州) A. helped B. believed C . taught D. madeAA(3)抓住含有關(guān)鍵信息的詞語(yǔ)，選擇判斷。抓住含有關(guān)鍵信息的詞語(yǔ)，選擇判斷?！纠纠?0】(2011臺(tái)州臺(tái)州).he looked into the second old bag: two small dolls, three small stones coins. . .Those are th

29、e _ I really love. A. foods B. places C. people D. collections 解析：本題由上文中解析：本題由上文中“two small dolls, three small stones coins 兩個(gè)小布娃娃，三個(gè)小石子。兩個(gè)小布娃娃，三個(gè)小石子。”可知這是可知這是collections收藏。收藏。 故選故選D。D即學(xué)即用即學(xué)即用8：( )(1)For a few seconds I just stood there, holding the money, wondering _ to buy, and who to buy it for. I decided to