(一)復(fù)合句概述

1、（一）復(fù)合句概述（一）復(fù)合句概述 復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句和從一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。主句和從句都具有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但主句都具有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但主句是全局的主體，從句只是全句句是全局的主體，從句只是全句中的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。中的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。從句通常是用引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)的。從句通常是用引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)的。在這里引導(dǎo)詞還起聯(lián)系從句和主在這里引導(dǎo)詞還起聯(lián)系從句和主句的作用。句的作用。1.從句的分類從句的分類 復(fù)合句根據(jù)其從句在句子中所做復(fù)合句根據(jù)其從句在句子中所做的成分，可分為：名詞性從句、形容的成分，可分為：名詞性從句、形容詞性從句、副詞性

2、從句。詞性從句、副詞性從句。名詞性從句名詞性從句形容詞性從句形容詞性從句副詞性從句副詞性從句主語從句主語從句表語從句表語從句賓語從句賓語從句同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句狀語從句狀語從句2.復(fù)合句的引導(dǎo)詞復(fù)合句的引導(dǎo)詞從屬連詞從屬連詞連接代詞連接代詞連接副詞連接副詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 that; whether; if although/though; because when; before; after since; as; while as soon as;as long as;as if who; whom; which; what; whose when; whe

3、re; why; how who; whom; which; that when; where; why （二）主語從句（二）主語從句1.主語從句概述主語從句概述 主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有連的主語。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有連詞詞that, whether;疑問代詞疑問代詞who, what, which;疑問副詞疑問副詞when, where, why, how.That he will come is certain. 他會來是毫無疑問的。他會來是毫無疑問的。Who will go makes no difference. 誰去都沒有關(guān)系。誰去都沒

4、有關(guān)系。How this happened is not clear.這究竟是怎樣發(fā)生的還不清楚。這究竟是怎樣發(fā)生的還不清楚。Why he did that was a secret.他為何要那樣做還是一個(gè)謎。他為何要那樣做還是一個(gè)謎。2.that引導(dǎo)的主語從句引導(dǎo)的主語從句(1)that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，不同于引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，不同于 其他的連詞，在主語從句中無任其他的連詞，在主語從句中無任 何意義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分，只何意義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分，只 是單純的連詞，通常不可以省略是單純的連詞，通常不可以省略.That he will succeed is certain.他會成功是肯定的。他會成功

5、是肯定的。 That he got the first place is true.他得了第一是肯定的。他得了第一是肯定的。（2）在通常情況下，）在通常情況下，that引導(dǎo)主引導(dǎo)主 語從句時(shí)，常用語從句時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，作形式主語， 而將而將that從句置于句尾，如：從句置于句尾，如： It is certain that he will succeed. It is true that he got the first place.(3)如果以如果以that從句為主語的句子從句為主語的句子 是疑問句，就只能用是疑問句，就只能用it作形式作形式 主語結(jié)構(gòu)，如：主語結(jié)構(gòu)，如： Is it

6、certain that he will come? 他要來確定嗎？他要來確定嗎？ Is it true that he would take the risk? 他要承擔(dān)很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是真的嗎？他要承擔(dān)很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是真的嗎？（4）it作形式主語置于句首時(shí)的作形式主語置于句首時(shí)的 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)1）“It+be+形容詞形容詞+that從句從句”結(jié)結(jié) 構(gòu)，常用于這種句型的形容詞有：構(gòu)，常用于這種句型的形容詞有： fortunate, possible, (un)likely, strange, probable, true, doubtful等，如：等，如： It is strange that no on

7、e wants to go there. It is likely that he will come.2）”It+be+名詞詞組名詞詞組+that從句從句“ 結(jié)構(gòu)，常用于這種句型的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，常用于這種句型的名詞 及名詞詞組有：及名詞詞組有：good news, common knowledge, an honour,a pity, a shame, no wonder,a mystery等，如：等，如： It is common knowledge that the earth turns around the sun.3）“It+be+-ed分詞分詞+that從句從句” 結(jié)構(gòu)，常用于這種句

8、型的過去結(jié)構(gòu)，常用于這種句型的過去 分詞有：分詞有：said, believed, reported, pointed out, discussed, proved, decided等等 It is reported that therewill be a storm this afternoon. It is demanded that he leave at once.4）It+ seem/happen等不及物等不及物 動詞動詞+that分句，如：分句，如： It seems that it is going to rain soon. It now appears that they a

9、re in trouble.3.whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句引導(dǎo)的主語從句 Whether she will go there is not known. 還不知道她是否要去那里。還不知道她是否要去那里。 Whether I will accept the job is not decided. 從句置于從句置于句首句首時(shí)時(shí)必須必須用用 whether引導(dǎo)，置于引導(dǎo)，置于句尾句尾時(shí)，時(shí)， 有時(shí)有時(shí)if可以和可以和whether交換交換。4. wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句疑問詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句 What we need is your help.What she said is not true.

10、That is why he left hishometown. It is not known why he did this.5.-ever引導(dǎo)的主語從句引導(dǎo)的主語從句 whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever表示表示“無論無論 什么什么”“”“無論誰無論誰”“”“無論何時(shí)無論何時(shí)”“”“無無論在論在 哪里哪里”，語氣比，語氣比what, who, when 等強(qiáng)烈。等強(qiáng)烈。Whatever I have is yours.Whoever comes will be welcome.（2004北京，北京，24） The Foreign

11、Minister said,”_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A This is B There is C That is D It is解析：本題中解析：本題中it為形式主語，為形式主語，真正的主語為真正的主語為that引導(dǎo)的從句。引導(dǎo)的從句。（2001上海，上海，27） _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A What; why B That; whatC What;beca

12、use D Why; that主語從句主語從句she couldnt understand缺少賓語，要用缺少賓語，要用what引導(dǎo)。表語引導(dǎo)。表語從句從句fewer and fewer studentsshowed interest in her lessons是一個(gè)完整的句子，要用是一個(gè)完整的句子，要用why引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)（三）表語從句（三）表語從句1.表語從句概述表語從句概述 表語從句在復(fù)合句中做主句的表語從句在復(fù)合句中做主句的表語。一般放在主句的謂語動詞表語。一般放在主句的謂語動詞（聯(lián)系動詞）之后，引導(dǎo)表語從（聯(lián)系動詞）之后，引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有連詞句的詞有連詞that, whether, as

13、 if;代詞代詞who, what, which;副詞副詞when, where, how, why等等 The question is whether it is worth doing. It looks as if it was goingto snow. That is what he is worriedabout. This is how she did it.2.that引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句 當(dāng)表語從句為陳述句的語氣時(shí)，當(dāng)表語從句為陳述句的語氣時(shí)，用用that來引導(dǎo)，來引導(dǎo)，that無任何意義，無任何意義，不充當(dāng)任何句子成分不充當(dāng)任何句子成分 The fact is th

14、at the child is lying. The trouble is that we are short of money.3. whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句 當(dāng)表語從句為不確定的語氣時(shí)，當(dāng)表語從句為不確定的語氣時(shí)，用用whether來引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)通常不可來引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)通常不可用用if代替代替whether It was uncertain whether he would come. The question is whether people will buy it.4. wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句疑問詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句 當(dāng)表語從句為疑問的語氣時(shí)，當(dāng)表語從句為疑問的語氣時(shí)，用

15、用wh-疑問詞來引導(dǎo)，要注意表語疑問詞來引導(dǎo)，要注意表語從句的語序要用陳述句的語序從句的語序要用陳述句的語序 The question is where we should go. That is why he was late. 5. as if/though引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的 表語從句表語從句 He looks as if he were angry.（2004全國全國，31） You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.A why B where C what D how解析：本題考查表語從句的關(guān)

16、聯(lián)詞。解析：本題考查表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。disagree一般做不及物動詞，作及一般做不及物動詞，作及物動詞時(shí)也不直接跟名詞、代詞做物動詞時(shí)也不直接跟名詞、代詞做賓語。賓語。and連接兩個(gè)并列成分，連接兩個(gè)并列成分，this指代上句所說的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)邏輯意指代上句所說的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)邏輯意義，應(yīng)選義，應(yīng)選B。where在從句中作地點(diǎn)在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，意思是狀語，意思是“這就是我不同意的地方這就是我不同意的地方”。(2003北京春季，北京春季，25)-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh, thats _.A what makes me fee

17、l excitedB whatever I feel excited aboutC how I feel about itD when I feel excited解析：解析：what引導(dǎo)表語從句，引導(dǎo)表語從句，what 在表語從句中做主語。在表語從句中做主語。（四）賓語從句（四）賓語從句 賓語從句在句中起賓語的作賓語從句在句中起賓語的作用。它可以作動詞的賓語，也可用。它可以作動詞的賓語，也可以做介詞、不定式、分詞、動名以做介詞、不定式、分詞、動名詞以及某些形容詞（如詞以及某些形容詞（如sure, glad, pleased等）的賓語。賓語等）的賓語。賓語從句可以由連詞從句可以由連詞that,

18、 whether, if; 代詞代詞who, whose, what, which; 和副詞和副詞when, where, how, why等引導(dǎo)等引導(dǎo)1.賓語從句概述賓語從句概述 I think (that) hell be all right in a few days. 我想他幾天后就會好了。我想他幾天后就會好了。 Do you know who(whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose dictionary it was.2.賓語從句在句中的位置賓語從句在句中的位置 （1）作動詞的賓語）作動詞的賓語 I heard that he joine

19、d the army.（2）做介詞的賓語）做介詞的賓語 Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我們的成功在于我們彼此能夠很好的合作。我們的成功在于我們彼此能夠很好的合作。（3）作形容詞的賓語）作形容詞的賓語 I am afraid(that) Ive made a mistake.常跟常跟that從句作賓語的形容詞有：從句作賓語的形容詞有： anxious, aware, certain, glad, confident, convinced, determined, proud, surpri

20、sed, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等等（4）it可以做形式賓語，而真正可以做形式賓語，而真正的賓語的賓語that從句則放在句尾，特從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month.（5）有些動詞后不能跟）有些動詞后不能跟that從從句做賓語，這類動詞有：句做賓語，這類動詞有：allow, let, refuse, li

21、ke, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等等3.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞（1）that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1）當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)，由）當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)，由that引導(dǎo)，這時(shí)引導(dǎo)，這時(shí)that在賓語從句在賓語從句中無意義，不充當(dāng)任何成分，常中無意義，不充當(dāng)任何成分，常省略，如：省略，如：I know (that) you have met him.2）經(jīng)常在及物動詞和賓語從句之）經(jīng)常在及物動詞和賓語從句之間插入一個(gè)間接賓語（人），如：間插入一個(gè)間接賓語（人

22、），如： He told me that he was wrong.3）若賓語從句跟在動詞）若賓語從句跟在動詞think,believe,suppose,expect等等表示表示“要，認(rèn)為要，認(rèn)為”等的動詞后時(shí)，等的動詞后時(shí)，句句子的否定體現(xiàn)在主句上，如：子的否定體現(xiàn)在主句上，如：I dont think you are right.4）許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中，）許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后面，而用子后面，而用it做形式賓語，如：做形式賓語，如： We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyo

23、ne. （2）whether，if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 1）當(dāng)賓語從句表示不肯定或疑問）當(dāng)賓語從句表示不肯定或疑問 時(shí)，由時(shí)，由whether, if引導(dǎo)，表引導(dǎo)，表 示示“是否是否”，“是不是是不是”“”“能否能否”等等 時(shí)，一般可互換，如：時(shí)，一般可互換，如： He asked if she would come.2）從句中有）從句中有or not時(shí)，不可用時(shí)，不可用if 取代，只能用取代，只能用whether I dont know whether he will come or not.3）從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，不可用）從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，不可用if取代，只能用取代，只能用wheth

24、er Everything depends on whether you agree with us.（3）wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 如果賓語從句是由特殊疑問如果賓語從句是由特殊疑問 句轉(zhuǎn)化來的，要用句轉(zhuǎn)化來的，要用wh-特殊疑問特殊疑問 詞來引導(dǎo)，意義即為疑問詞本身詞來引導(dǎo)，意義即為疑問詞本身 的含義的含義 Tell me what you want. You may ask him when he comes.4.賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序 賓語從句的語序必須是陳述賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序，尤其要注意語序，尤其要注意whether,if,和和wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓

25、語從句的疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的語序，即按照主語、謂語的順序語序，即按照主語、謂語的順序 I dont know who all thosepeople are.5.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài) 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)必須與主句呼應(yīng)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)必須與主句呼應(yīng)（1）當(dāng)主句中謂語是現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚┊?dāng)主句中謂語是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句中謂語不受主句謂時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句中謂語不受主句謂語時(shí)態(tài)的影響，可以按需要使用語時(shí)態(tài)的影響，可以按需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài)任何時(shí)態(tài) （）當(dāng)主語謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài)，（）當(dāng)主語謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài)， 從句中的時(shí)態(tài)一般為表示過去的從句中的時(shí)態(tài)一般為表示過去的 某種時(shí)態(tài)（如過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行某種時(shí)態(tài)（如過去時(shí)、過去

26、進(jìn)行 時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)）時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)） He said(that) there were no classes yesterday afternoon.（）當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài)，（）當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài)，而賓語從句敘述某一客觀真理而賓語從句敘述某一客觀真理（事實(shí)）時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)（事實(shí)）時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) The teacher told us(that) nothing is diffcult if you putyour heart into it. 老師告訴我們世上無難事只怕有心人。老師告訴我們世上無難事只怕有心人。（2002北京春季

27、，北京春季，28） -I think its going to be a big problem. -yes, it could be. -I wonder _ we can do about it. A if B how C what D that解析：賓語從句中解析：賓語從句中we can do后后缺少賓語，要用缺少賓語，要用what填寫填寫（2002上海春季，上海春季，38） When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exact

28、ly _ he wants.A what B which C when D that 解析：這是賓語從句，解析：這是賓語從句，wants 后面缺少賓語，要填寫后面缺少賓語，要填寫what。 Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句是一句諺語，意思是諺語，意思是“永遠(yuǎn)給予別人他確永遠(yuǎn)給予別人他確實(shí)想要的東西。實(shí)想要的東西。”（2002上海，上海，29） Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.A who is he B who he is C who is it D who it is解析：

29、解析：who引導(dǎo)賓語從句，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，要用陳述句的語序。所談要用陳述句的語序。所談到的人不清楚是男是女時(shí)，到的人不清楚是男是女時(shí)，要用要用it來指代。來指代。（五）同位語從句（五）同位語從句1.同位語從句概述同位語從句概述 用作同位語的從句，叫同位用作同位語的從句，叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞（如（如face,idea,news, promise等）等）的后面，用以說明或解釋前的后面，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞面的名詞，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有連詞有連詞that,連接副詞連接副詞how,when, where等等 I have no idea wh

30、en he will be back. 我不知道他何時(shí)會回來。我不知道他何時(shí)會回來。 We heard the news that our team had won. 我聽到了我們隊(duì)勝利的消息。我聽到了我們隊(duì)勝利的消息。 2.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句引導(dǎo)的同位語從句在下列名詞后可用在下列名詞后可用that引導(dǎo)同位引導(dǎo)同位語從句：語從句： answer, belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, news, opinion, plan, suggestion, thought, truth等等 I had no i

31、dea that you were here. The fact that he won the first prize cant be denied. 他取得第一名的事實(shí)不容否認(rèn)。他取得第一名的事實(shí)不容否認(rèn)。4.應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題（1）名詞）名詞demand, proposal, suggestion 等后的同位語從句要等后的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣，謂語為用虛擬語氣，謂語為“should+動動詞原形詞原形”或只用動詞原形或只用動詞原形 The suggestion that the plan(should) be delayed will be discussed tomorr

32、ow. 推遲那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的建議將在明天討論。推遲那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的建議將在明天討論。（2）同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞無意義，同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞無意義，不充當(dāng)成分，但不可省略，同位不充當(dāng)成分，但不可省略，同位語從句與其說明的名詞或代詞應(yīng)語從句與其說明的名詞或代詞應(yīng)為同一內(nèi)容，但定語從句的引導(dǎo)為同一內(nèi)容，但定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞要在從句中作成分，是對限定詞要在從句中作成分，是對限定詞的一個(gè)限定說明詞的一個(gè)限定說明 He told me the news that our team won.He told me the news that was very exciting.

33、同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句 We are interested in the news that some foreigners will visit our school.We are interested in the news that he told us.同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句（2004上海春季，上海春季，41） Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A which B that C what D whether（六）定語從句（六）定語從

34、句定定 語語 從從 句句定語從句的相關(guān)概念定語從句的相關(guān)概念關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的基本關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法用法that和和which用法的區(qū)別用法的區(qū)別as和和which用法的區(qū)別用法的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定1.定義：定義： 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句從句2.先行詞：先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞被修飾的名詞或代詞關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞3.引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why等等who, whom, whose, which, that等等定語從句的相關(guān)概念定

35、語從句的相關(guān)概念指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略that人；物人；物主語；賓語主語；賓語作賓語可省作賓語可省which物物主語；賓語主語；賓語作賓語可省作賓語可省who人人主語；賓語主語；賓語 作賓語可省作賓語可省whom人人賓語賓語可省可省whose 人；物人；物定語定語不可省不可省關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 指代指代 所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語狀語否否where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語狀語否否why原因原因狀語狀語否否關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞1.The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl _ I met is Lucy

36、. 3.A child _parents are dead is called Tom. 4.I like the book _you bought yesterday. whowhomwhosethat,/whichwhose 在定語從句中作定語，表示引導(dǎo)在定語從句中作定語，表示引導(dǎo)詞與詞與 whose 后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物時(shí)可與多指人，也可指物，指物時(shí)可與 of which互換使用?；Q使用。This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover

37、is blue.5. We shall never forget the days _we spent together. 6.We shall never forget the days _ we lived together. 7.I like the person _you just talked.that,whichwhento whom （90 NMET) He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of _ had not been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B.

38、 those C. that D. whichKey:D一、一、 that 和和which用法的區(qū)別用法的區(qū)別(1) 先行詞為先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something,anything, little, much 等等不定代詞時(shí)。不定代詞時(shí)。e.g. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.(2)先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)。等修飾時(shí)。1、宜用、宜用that不用不用which的情況的情況 Ive read all the b

39、ooks that are not mine. (3)先行詞被先行詞被序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或或最高級最高級修飾時(shí)。修飾時(shí)。This is the first book (that) he has read.(4)先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)。修飾時(shí)。This is the very book that belongs to him.(5) 先行詞是先行詞是who或或which引導(dǎo)的主句。引導(dǎo)的主句。 Who is the girl (that) drove the car? Who (that) broke the window w

40、ill be punished.(6) 主句以主句以There be 引導(dǎo)時(shí)引導(dǎo)時(shí) There are 200 people (that) didnt know the thing.(7) 當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作be表語表語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that. She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.(8)當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是which時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that.Which is the book that you bought last week?關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中緊跟關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中緊跟 介

41、詞作賓語（介詞提前）介詞作賓語（介詞提前） There are many trees under (which) they can have a rest.2、只用、只用which不用不用that的情況的情況在非限制性定語從句中在非限制性定語從句中 Football , (which) is a very popular game, is played all over the world. 注意：介詞提前時(shí)只能用注意：介詞提前時(shí)只能用which 而不而不能用能用that 。Is this the library from which you borrow books? from that1.

42、Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.2. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.3. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.whothatwhichthatwhichthat4.This is the bike by that I go to school every day.5.She heard a terrible noise, that brought her

43、 heart into her mouth.thatwhichwhichthat(94 NMET) _ is known to all, China will be an _powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A.That;advancing B. This;advancedC. As;advancedD. Which; advancedKey: C二、二、as與與which引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用asas。1. 關(guān)系

44、代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時(shí)。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時(shí)。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 當(dāng)與當(dāng)與such或或the same連用時(shí)，一般連用時(shí)，一般用用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.3. 當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時(shí)，用當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時(shí)，用as，反之則用反之則用which。. e.g.She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, w

45、hich was unexpected.4. as在從句中作主語時(shí)，后面常接行為在從句中作主語時(shí)，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如動詞的被動語態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主作主語。語。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.5.Which既可代指先行詞，又可代指整既可代指先行詞，又可代指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。相當(dāng)于個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。

46、相當(dāng)于“and this” or “ and that”. 譯為譯為“這一點(diǎn)這一點(diǎn)”。而而as 則只能代指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。則只能代指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。譯為譯為“正如正如.那樣那樣”，且已形成固定，且已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：結(jié)構(gòu)。如：as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case, as is expected. Etc.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.6.Which引導(dǎo)的從句與主句

47、關(guān)系較密切，引導(dǎo)的從句與主句關(guān)系較密切，常放在主句之后；而常放在主句之后；而as引導(dǎo)從句，可放引導(dǎo)從句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。在句首、句中或句尾。1. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented us from going to the park.A. that B.which C.as D. it 2._ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A. Which B. As C.That D.What 3. Chongqing is not th

48、e same city _ we have seen in other places. A. that B. which C. 不填不填 D. as BBD Alec asked the policeman_ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with whom B. who C. with him D. whomKey:A三、關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定三、關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定1.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系， 請?bào)w會：請?bào)w會：e.g. Is that the newspape

49、r for which you often write articles?2. 根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請?bào)w根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請?bào)w會：會：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“數(shù)詞數(shù)詞/代

50、詞代詞 + of + 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：的結(jié)構(gòu)，如： e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.5. Whose從

51、句可轉(zhuǎn)換為從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”型，如：型，如： 1. The knife _ we used to cut the bread is very sharp. A. which B. with that C. with it D. with which2. The beautiful dress_ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.A. in which B. worn by C. wearing which D. that3. I have two ballpens,_ write

52、s well.A. neither of them B. none of them C. neither of which D.none of whichDACwhen在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（which）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on whichwhere在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于于“介詞介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（which）”。This is the house where I lived two years a

53、go.in which四、關(guān)系副詞四、關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的用法的用法It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.why在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于于“介詞介詞for+ 關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（which）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.四、關(guān)系副詞四、關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的用法的用法關(guān)系副詞都等于一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~which，在從句中作狀語 1.Do you still remember the day when(

54、on which) we went to visit the museum together?When=in/at/on/+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for /+which2.This is the factory where(in which)my father once worked.3.This is the reason why(for which) he was late.五、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定從中的不五、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定從中的不同成分同成分a、This is the place where he works.This is the p

55、lace which(that)we visited last year.b、That was the time when he arrived.Do you still remember the days that (which)we spent together?c、This is the reason why he went.The reason that (which)he gave us was quite reasonable.限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句是句限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間分

56、，主句和從句之間不用逗號不用逗號隔開隔開非限定性定語從句是非限定性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充對主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，沒有這種從句說明，沒有這種從句不影響主句意思完整不影響主句意思完整.一般一般用逗號用逗號把主句和把主句和從句分開從句分開引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)詞：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，等，不用不用that,不能省略不能省略引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，作作賓語賓語時(shí)一些關(guān)系代時(shí)一些關(guān)系代詞詞可以省略可以省略The man who came here yesterday has come again.My sister

57、, who is twenty, works in a bank.Mr.king, whose leg was badly hurt, was taken to hospital quickly.The boss in whose department Mr.king worked had heard about the accident. 1.Do you still remember the day _I first came to Beijing? A. which B. that C. when D. where2.Im going to visit the school _ my m

58、other taught physics ten years ago. A. where B. that C. which D. what 3.She is not the woman _ she was before. A. what B. that C. who D. as CAB.4.She wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day, _I found quite strange.A. which B. that C. what D. when5.We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit bef

59、ore. A. to where B. to which C. that D. which6.He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A. whom B. who C. when D. becauseABB7.The baby _is not hers.A. of that she is taking good care B. who she is taking good careC. of who she is taking good care D. whom she is taking g

60、ood care of8.The high building _ is a big hotel. A.we are looking at it B. we looking C. at that we are looking D. we are looking atDD 把定語從句中所修飾的把定語從句中所修飾的先先 行詞行詞還原到還原到定語從句定語從句中去中去/that, which先行詞先行詞定語從句定語從句介詞介詞 where, when, why+ Do you still remember the chicken farm _ ?A where B when C that D what