能效對(duì)標(biāo)項(xiàng)目培訓(xùn)-在企業(yè)實(shí)施對(duì)標(biāo)管理項(xiàng)目（PPT 22頁(yè)）

1、Promotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme來(lái)自資料搜索網(wǎng)() 海量資料下載Promotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme課程內(nèi)容課程內(nèi)容/Contents of this lecturel商業(yè)對(duì)標(biāo)商業(yè)對(duì)標(biāo)/ Benc

2、hmarking in businessl工藝對(duì)標(biāo)工藝對(duì)標(biāo)/Process benchmarkingl對(duì)標(biāo)的程序?qū)?biāo)的程序/ Procedure of benchmarkingl標(biāo)桿及指標(biāo)標(biāo)桿及指標(biāo)/Benchmarks and indicatorsl國(guó)際標(biāo)桿國(guó)際標(biāo)桿/ International benchmarksl在公司建立在公司建立BMT/Setting up BMT in a companyl結(jié)論結(jié)論/ConclusionsPromotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive Indus

3、triesEnergy and Environment Programme商業(yè)對(duì)標(biāo)商業(yè)對(duì)標(biāo)/Benchmarking in businessl歷史歷史/History:- 工業(yè)界最早的著名案例：基于對(duì)強(qiáng)大的日本同行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的擔(dān)心，歐洲的XEROX公司于1979年開始系統(tǒng)的調(diào)查日本同行的績(jī)效情況并與本公司做比較。- 比對(duì)的目的：發(fā)現(xiàn)自身績(jī)效與假定的最佳實(shí)踐日本同行的績(jī)效之間的差距。 Promotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment

4、 Programme商業(yè)對(duì)標(biāo)商業(yè)對(duì)標(biāo)/Benchmarking in businessl是對(duì)產(chǎn)品不同方面進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)持續(xù)的分析是對(duì)產(chǎn)品不同方面進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)持續(xù)的分析及比較及比較- 產(chǎn)品成本產(chǎn)品成本/Cost of production- 產(chǎn)品周期產(chǎn)品周期/Time of production- 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量/Quality of production- 其他其他/Etc.- 在這里我們比較產(chǎn)品的能源消耗在這里我們比較產(chǎn)品的能源消耗/In our case we look at the energy consumption of the production. Promotion of Benchm

5、arking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme商業(yè)對(duì)標(biāo)商業(yè)對(duì)標(biāo)/Benchmarking in businessl內(nèi)部對(duì)標(biāo)內(nèi)部對(duì)標(biāo)/Compare internally: - 按時(shí)間進(jìn)度按時(shí)間進(jìn)度：如何改進(jìn)績(jī)效？：如何改進(jìn)績(jī)效？- 在企業(yè)的部門、生產(chǎn)單元及車間之間實(shí)施在企業(yè)的部門、生產(chǎn)單元及車間之間實(shí)施l外部對(duì)標(biāo)外部對(duì)標(biāo)/Compare externally :- 與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手比對(duì)：在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的行業(yè)內(nèi)部準(zhǔn)與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手比對(duì)：在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的行業(yè)內(nèi)部準(zhǔn)確定

6、位確定位- 與最佳實(shí)踐比對(duì)：確定與最佳實(shí)踐間的績(jī)效與最佳實(shí)踐比對(duì)：確定與最佳實(shí)踐間的績(jī)效差距及改進(jìn)提高的潛力差距及改進(jìn)提高的潛力- 與相似產(chǎn)品比對(duì)：發(fā)掘新的思路與相似產(chǎn)品比對(duì)：發(fā)掘新的思路Promotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme商業(yè)對(duì)標(biāo)商業(yè)對(duì)標(biāo)/Benchmarking in businessl最終目的最終目的/Final purpose:- 內(nèi)部外部對(duì)標(biāo)的結(jié)內(nèi)部外部對(duì)標(biāo)的結(jié)果通常是成功取得果通常是成

7、功取得改進(jìn)的商業(yè)案例改進(jìn)的商業(yè)案例- 對(duì)標(biāo)為大家指明了對(duì)標(biāo)為大家指明了取得改進(jìn)應(yīng)采取的取得改進(jìn)應(yīng)采取的正確方法正確方法Promotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme工藝對(duì)標(biāo)工藝對(duì)標(biāo)/Process benchmarkingl解密黑匣子解密黑匣子/Open the black box:- 在工業(yè)界，通常不會(huì)針對(duì)公司整體進(jìn)在工業(yè)界，通常不會(huì)針對(duì)公司整體進(jìn)行對(duì)標(biāo)行對(duì)標(biāo)- 比對(duì)的重點(diǎn)通常著眼于具體的工藝流比對(duì)的重點(diǎn)

8、通常著眼于具體的工藝流程程,因而較為方便因而較為方便.- 從而，可以根據(jù)對(duì)不同工藝流程調(diào)查從而，可以根據(jù)對(duì)不同工藝流程調(diào)查的結(jié)果匯總得出公司的整體情況的結(jié)果匯總得出公司的整體情況Promotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme對(duì)標(biāo)的程序?qū)?biāo)的程序/Procedures of benchmarkingl對(duì)標(biāo)項(xiàng)目的基本原理對(duì)標(biāo)項(xiàng)目的基本原理/Logic of a benchmarking project:- 選擇

9、與對(duì)標(biāo)主題（能源）相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵工藝及選擇與對(duì)標(biāo)主題（能源）相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵工藝及問(wèn)題問(wèn)題- 提供真實(shí)可信的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)提供真實(shí)可信的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)- 確立適于比對(duì)的指標(biāo)確立適于比對(duì)的指標(biāo)- 對(duì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行內(nèi)部及外部比對(duì)，識(shí)別績(jī)效差距對(duì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行內(nèi)部及外部比對(duì)，識(shí)別績(jī)效差距- 根據(jù)自身情況設(shè)立目標(biāo)（標(biāo)桿），并逐步縮根據(jù)自身情況設(shè)立目標(biāo)（標(biāo)桿），并逐步縮小與先進(jìn)績(jī)效間的差距小與先進(jìn)績(jī)效間的差距- 調(diào)查績(jī)效水平低下的原因并利用最佳實(shí)踐（調(diào)查績(jī)效水平低下的原因并利用最佳實(shí)踐（內(nèi)部及外部）解決問(wèn)題內(nèi)部及外部）解決問(wèn)題- 監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)標(biāo)的成果并持續(xù)重復(fù)對(duì)標(biāo)的程序監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)標(biāo)的成果并持續(xù)重復(fù)對(duì)標(biāo)的程序Promotion of Benchmark

10、ing Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme標(biāo)桿和指標(biāo)標(biāo)桿和指標(biāo)/Benchmarks and Indicatorsl標(biāo)桿都是指標(biāo)標(biāo)桿都是指標(biāo)/All benchmarks are indicators:- 指標(biāo)是一種可以通過(guò)對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)指標(biāo)是一種可以通過(guò)對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)的統(tǒng)計(jì)值（如：工藝績(jī)效，算來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)的統(tǒng)計(jì)值（如：工藝績(jī)效，公司績(jī)效，經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的績(jī)效，甚至世公司績(jī)效，經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的績(jī)效，甚至世界的績(jī)效）界的績(jī)效） - 如果指標(biāo)被用作未來(lái)績(jī)效的預(yù)

11、測(cè)值，如果指標(biāo)被用作未來(lái)績(jī)效的預(yù)測(cè)值，預(yù)期目標(biāo)值或者比對(duì)參考點(diǎn)，那么這預(yù)期目標(biāo)值或者比對(duì)參考點(diǎn)，那么這個(gè)指標(biāo)就被稱作標(biāo)桿個(gè)指標(biāo)就被稱作標(biāo)桿Promotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme標(biāo)桿和指標(biāo)標(biāo)桿和指標(biāo)/Benchmarks and Indicatorsl典型指標(biāo)典型指標(biāo)/Examples of indicators:- 失業(yè)率失業(yè)率/Unemployment rate- 用電率用電率/Electrifi

12、cation rate- 出生率出生率/Birth rate- 通貨膨脹通貨膨脹/Inflation- 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值/Gross Domestic Product (GDP)- 問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)舉例說(shuō)明以上指標(biāo)中哪個(gè)可以轉(zhuǎn)化問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)舉例說(shuō)明以上指標(biāo)中哪個(gè)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為標(biāo)桿為標(biāo)桿Promotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme標(biāo)桿和指標(biāo)標(biāo)桿和指標(biāo)/Benchmarks and Indicatorsl能源指標(biāo)能源

13、指標(biāo)/Energy indicators:- 能源強(qiáng)度（MJ能源/噸產(chǎn)品）Energy intensity (MJ of energy per ton of product)- 能源份額（耗電量/總耗電量）Energy share (Amount of electricty consumption as part of the total energy consumption) - 問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)舉例說(shuō)明以上指標(biāo)中哪個(gè)可問(wèn)題：請(qǐng)舉例說(shuō)明以上指標(biāo)中哪個(gè)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為標(biāo)桿以轉(zhuǎn)化為標(biāo)桿Promotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Ener

14、gy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme國(guó)際標(biāo)桿國(guó)際標(biāo)桿/International benchmarksl世界最佳實(shí)踐工業(yè)行業(yè)能源強(qiáng)度值世界最佳實(shí)踐工業(yè)行業(yè)能源強(qiáng)度值/World Best Practice Final Energy Intensity Values for Selected Industrial SectorsPromotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and En

15、vironment Programme國(guó)際標(biāo)桿國(guó)際標(biāo)桿/International benchmarksl世界最佳實(shí)踐工業(yè)行業(yè)能源強(qiáng)度值世界最佳實(shí)踐工業(yè)行業(yè)能源強(qiáng)度值/World Best Practice Final Energy Intensity Values for Selected Industrial SectorsPromotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme國(guó)際標(biāo)桿國(guó)際標(biāo)桿/Internat

16、ional benchmarksl世界最佳實(shí)踐工業(yè)行業(yè)能源強(qiáng)度值世界最佳實(shí)踐工業(yè)行業(yè)能源強(qiáng)度值/World Best Practice Final Energy Intensity Values for Selected Industrial SectorsPromotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme國(guó)際標(biāo)桿國(guó)際標(biāo)桿/International benchmarksl世界最佳實(shí)踐工業(yè)行業(yè)能源強(qiáng)度值世界最佳

17、實(shí)踐工業(yè)行業(yè)能源強(qiáng)度值/World Best Practice Final Energy Intensity Values for Selected Industrial SectorsPromotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme在公司建立在公司建立BMTSetting up BMT in a companylBMT 是是 “對(duì)標(biāo)對(duì)標(biāo)”，“監(jiān)測(cè)監(jiān)測(cè)”和和“目標(biāo)設(shè)目標(biāo)設(shè)立立”的縮寫的縮寫/Benchmark

18、ing, Monitoring and Targeting:- BMT是為對(duì)標(biāo)管理項(xiàng)目開發(fā)的工具。我們可以利用這個(gè)工具測(cè)量生產(chǎn)過(guò)程重點(diǎn)參數(shù)并就收集的數(shù)據(jù)與外部和內(nèi)部的標(biāo)桿進(jìn)行比對(duì)來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)關(guān)鍵工藝的績(jī)效。觀察到的實(shí)際績(jī)效與標(biāo)桿間的差距將被用于制定改進(jìn)目標(biāo)，并通過(guò)實(shí)施正確的改進(jìn)方法有效地改善績(jī)效縮小差距。通過(guò)循環(huán)實(shí)施這個(gè)測(cè)量，比對(duì)，設(shè)立目標(biāo)及改進(jìn)的步驟來(lái)建立并實(shí)施BMT系統(tǒng)。Promotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Progr

19、amme在公司建立在公司建立BMTSetting up BMT in a companyPromotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme結(jié)論結(jié)論/ConclusionlBenchmarking has two dimensions:- 標(biāo)桿數(shù)據(jù)的選定不是本項(xiàng)目的瓶頸標(biāo)桿數(shù)據(jù)的選定不是本項(xiàng)目的瓶頸現(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)中已經(jīng)有大量的內(nèi)部及外部標(biāo)桿供我們選擇中已經(jīng)有大量的內(nèi)部及外部標(biāo)桿供我們選擇。 內(nèi)部標(biāo)桿，例如：設(shè)備說(shuō)明書；

20、內(nèi)部標(biāo)桿，例如：設(shè)備說(shuō)明書； 外部標(biāo)桿，例如：行業(yè)或工藝的最佳實(shí)踐。外部標(biāo)桿，例如：行業(yè)或工藝的最佳實(shí)踐。Promotion of Benchmarking Tools for Energy Conservation in Energy Intensive IndustriesEnergy and Environment Programme結(jié)論結(jié)論/Conclusionl但是，對(duì)標(biāo)所需要的是真實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)但是，對(duì)標(biāo)所需要的是真實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)/But benchmarking requires reliable data about the own performance:- 使用對(duì)標(biāo)的必要條件是對(duì)自身基本情使用對(duì)標(biāo)的必要條件是對(duì)自身基本情況的了解和認(rèn)知，剩余的就是典型的況的了解和認(rèn)知，剩余的就是典型的目標(biāo)設(shè)立和監(jiān)測(cè)過(guò)程，這些過(guò)程都是目標(biāo)設(shè)立和監(jiān)測(cè)過(guò)程，這些過(guò)程都是可以適當(dāng)改良和調(diào)