定語從句講解.

1、GrammarAttribute (定語定語)1. He is an honest boy.2. We love our country.3. Whats your telephone number? 4. She is a beautiful girl.修飾；限定修飾；限定honestourtelephone找出下列句中的定語。找出下列句中的定語。beautiful The positions of the attribute: （定語的位置）（定語的位置）1. This is a flower basket.2. This is a basket full of flowers.3. Th

2、is is a basket that I want to put flowers in.單個的詞作定語時要放于被修飾詞單個的詞作定語時要放于被修飾詞的前面，短語或從句作定語時要放的前面，短語或從句作定語時要放于被修飾詞的后面。于被修飾詞的后面。閃光的東西不一定是金子。.玩火者必自焚。誰笑在最后，誰笑得最好。 結(jié)果好，一切都好。智者寡言。2. He who plays with fire gets burnt. 3. He laughs best who laughs last.4. Alls well that ends well.5. He is a wise man who speaks

3、 little. 1.All that glitters is not gold.Key words:定語從句：定語從句：修飾名詞和代詞的從句修飾名詞和代詞的從句This is the best film that I have seen.定語從句the best film 先行詞that關(guān)系詞Attributive clause定語從句定語從句定語從句: 修飾某個名詞或代詞的從句修飾某個名詞或代詞的從句先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: that which, who,whom,whoseThe man who lives next to us sells

4、 vegetables.The man sells vegetables. He lives next to us.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞的作用：關(guān)系代詞的作用：連接主句和從句連接主句和從句 （引導從句）（引導從句） 在從句中指代先行詞在從句中指代先行詞 在從句中充當成分在從句中充當成分,作主語或賓語作主語或賓語 WhoWhomWhichthat指人指人 指物指物 從句中充當從句中充當主語主語/賓語賓語賓語賓語主語主語/賓語賓語主語主語/賓語賓語關(guān)系代詞何時能省略？作賓語時可省略1. He is a teacher _ I like very much.2. Those pict

5、ures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.whom/that/whowhich/thatFill in the blanks: who whom which thatWhose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式1. whose引導定語從句，其引導定語從句，其后后應緊應緊跟名詞跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語。構(gòu)成名詞短語。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2.2.who

6、se引導定語從句，其先行詞不僅可引導定語從句，其先行詞不僅可以指以指人人，還可以指，還可以指物物。 A.需要注意的幾個問題： a 只能用that 不能用which/who的情況1.先行詞既有人又有物先行詞既有人又有物I still remember the people and the things that I talked about with my friend.2.先行詞為不定代詞（先行詞為不定代詞（all, few, anything, something, nothing, everything)You must do everything that I do.4先行詞被序數(shù)詞先行

7、詞被序數(shù)詞, adj最高級最高級或或the only, the very the last等所修飾等所修飾He is the very person that I am looking for.3先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, any, no, every等修飾等修飾,常用常用thatAny man that wants to succeed must work hard.Who is the boy _ was here just now?that5主句主句里已有里已有who/which，為避免重復，定語從句用，為避免重復，定語從句用that引導引導6.當先行詞在定語從

8、句中作表語時當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時He is no longer the boy_he was 10 years ago. that B.關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時間、地點或原因狀語時間、地點或原因狀語關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當在從句中充當時間狀語時間狀語。關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞where在從句中充當在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語地點狀語。關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞why在從句中充當在從句中充當原因狀語原因狀語。關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系I still remember the day when I came here

9、. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =why關(guān)系副詞實際上是關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞先行詞介詞先行詞1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I wo

10、rked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which幾種易混的情況幾種易混的情況及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞Fill in the blank: when, where, why, which, thatin which, for

11、whichRevision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞指代在定語從句中所充當?shù)某煞秩宋锞渥又髡Z賓語定語whowhomwhichthatwhose the usage of the relative adverb關(guān)系副詞指代所充當?shù)木渥映煞謜henwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial D. 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：1 China is a country which has a long history.2 China

12、, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.限制性定語從句：限制性定語從句：1）形式上無逗號，）形式上無逗號，2）意義上是先行）意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，因而不能刪除詞不可缺少的定語，因而不能刪除 非限制性定語從句：非限制性定語從句：1）形式上有逗號與主句隔開）形式上有逗號與主句隔開 2）是對）是對先行詞的補充說明，刪除后意思仍完整先行詞的補充說明，刪除后意思仍完整 3）關(guān)系詞）關(guān)系詞不用不用 that且不能省且不能省 E. 介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞 1. 由先行詞的習慣搭配或根據(jù)先行詞的需要 The speed

13、at which light travels is 300,000km per second. The room in which there is a blackboard is their classroom. 介詞可能是從句謂語的一個部分,或動詞所需要的搭配 Dont bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. This is the job at which they laughed.This is the pen _ _ I wrote the letter.Is that the girl _ _ you

14、lent your bicycle?Here is the address _ _ you should writeThese are the things _ _ I spoke just now.Is that the fish _ _ you asked the waiter?with which to whomto whichabout whichfor which2.表示所有關(guān)系或整體的一部分,常用of which China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. I have many friends, _

15、 some are businessmen.A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom DD ：as與與which引導的定語從句引導的定語從句 兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用互換，但下列情況多用as。1. 當與當與such或或the same連用時，一般用連用時，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.2. as 引導的從句可以放在句首引導的從句可以放在句首,

16、 as 本身有本身有“正正如如.正象正象”之意，與之連用的詞有之意，與之連用的詞有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。等。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.1.The earth is round, _ is known to all.2. _ is known to all, the earth is roundwhich asAsas 具有具有“正如正如”之意，搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如：之意，搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/

17、as we expected 結(jié)論結(jié)論: as ,which均可引導非限制性定語從句均可引導非限制性定語從句,as 引導的從句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有引導的從句可以放在句首、句中、句末，有“如如.，正象，正象”之意，之意， 與之連用的詞有與之連用的詞有know, see, expect, announce, point out等，常用等，常用被動結(jié)構(gòu)如被動結(jié)構(gòu)如as is announced(據(jù)宣布）；據(jù)宣布）；as is reported（據(jù)報道）；（據(jù)報道）；as is expected(正如所期待正如所期待/料想的那樣；不出所料想的那樣；不出所料）；料）；as has been ex

18、plained（正如所解釋的那樣）（正如所解釋的那樣）;關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞2.關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情況指某一情況thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”whenwherewhy(主語主語/賓語賓語)(狀語狀語)1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which

19、 B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itthat 與與which 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別that4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything.A. tha

20、t B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it先行詞為先行詞為人和物的人和物的組合組合先行詞被先行詞被all, little, much, every, no, 等等修飾時修飾時先行詞被先行詞被序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或或最高級最高級修飾先行詞前有修飾先行詞前有序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞(the first

21、),形容詞最高級形容詞最高級(the best), the last, the very, the only 等時。等時。 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this A.which B that C this D.itD.it只用只用which的情況的情況:1,逗號后面逗號后面 2,介詞后面介詞后面2. The day

22、_ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952.A.on which B that C which D.this 考點二考點二:介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞提醒提醒: 介詞關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句介詞關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句, 關(guān)鍵關(guān)鍵 是判斷介詞的選擇是判斷介詞的選擇.方法一方法一:根據(jù)從句中根據(jù)從句中動詞動詞與與先行詞先行詞習慣搭配習慣搭配方法二方法二:根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系 注意：注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由語時，從句常常由“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引引出。此時關(guān)系代詞只能用出。此時

23、關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替代替The man is from Beijing UniversityBeijing University .I talked about him at the meetingI talked about him at the meeting.The man The man (who/whom/that)(who/whom/that) I talked I talked about about at the meeting at the meeting is from Beijing is from Beiji

24、ng University.University.Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時，不能用that，也，也不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which或或whom。該介詞通常可以。該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。whomFilling blanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our

25、headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which考點三考點三 Whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式1. whose引導定語從句，其后應緊跟名詞，引導定語從句，其后應緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語。構(gòu)成名詞短語。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2.2.whose引導定語從句，其先行

26、詞不僅可引導定語從句，其先行詞不僅可以指人，還可以指物。以指人，還可以指物。 Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行詞作先行詞時時, 用用”who” 代替代替 “that”.考點五考點五: that 與與who的區(qū)別的區(qū)別whowhowho 考點六考點六:如何判斷用如何判斷用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞還是還是關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞?選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞時，需注意兩點：選用定語從

27、句的關(guān)系詞時，需注意兩點：1.先行詞先行詞2.關(guān)系詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞株P(guān)系詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞?。做主語，賓語，定語用做主語，賓語，定語用做狀語用做狀語用關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(

28、which/that)(which/that)where 考點七考點七:定語從句中主謂一致問題定語從句中主謂一致問題 定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應該與它定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應該與它的的先行詞先行詞保持一致。保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job isam關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞2.關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情況指某一情況thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首不能放

29、于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”whenwherewhy(主語主語/賓語賓語)(狀語狀語) 3. This is one of the best books 3. This is one of the best books _._. A. that have ever been written A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written C. that has written D. that have w

30、ritten D. that have written4. She is the only one of the girls 4. She is the only one of the girls _ well in class._ well in class. A. which sings B. A. which sings B. who sing who sing C. who sings D. C. who sings D. who to singwho to sing1. Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB