2012高中英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法過關(guān)介詞輔導(dǎo)課件

1、 ( (五五) )介詞介詞 一、方位介詞一、方位介詞1.above，over，on；below，under，beneath (1)above側(cè)重于相對(duì)水平高度，不一定在正上方，其反義詞是側(cè)重于相對(duì)水平高度，不一定在正上方，其反義詞是 below。 (2)over側(cè)重于垂直高度，即位于正上方，其反義詞是側(cè)重于垂直高度，即位于正上方，其反義詞是under。 (3)on側(cè)重于與物體表面接觸，其反義詞是側(cè)重于與物體表面接觸，其反義詞是beneath。 Be careful，there is a heavy box over your head. The position he pointed to w

2、as below the sea level. 2.across，over，through，past across意為意為“橫穿、穿越橫穿、穿越”，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在物體的表面。，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在物體的表面。over意意 為為“跨過，越過跨過，越過”，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在物體的上方。，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在物體的上方。through意為意為 “穿穿 過，通過過，通過”，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在某物的空間。，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在某物的空間。past意為意為“從從 旁經(jīng)過旁經(jīng)過”，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在某物旁邊。，表示運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在某物旁邊。 The Great Wall winds its way from west to east，acro

3、ss desert， over mountains，through valleys till at last it reaches the sea.3.in，on，to在方位名詞前的區(qū)別。在方位名詞前的區(qū)別。 in表示在范圍之內(nèi)；表示在范圍之內(nèi)；to表示在某范圍之外的地方；表示在某范圍之外的地方；on表示表示“毗毗 鄰鄰”“”“接壤接壤”。 Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China. Japan is/lies to the east of China.二、時(shí)間介詞二、時(shí)間介詞1.at，in，on，by，after2.for，from，sin

4、ce for后接時(shí)段的名詞詞組，表示行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久。后接時(shí)段的名詞詞組，表示行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久。from接時(shí)接時(shí) 間點(diǎn)的名詞詞組，表示行為或狀態(tài)的起始點(diǎn)，而不涉及其持續(xù)間點(diǎn)的名詞詞組，表示行為或狀態(tài)的起始點(diǎn)，而不涉及其持續(xù) 時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短。時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短。since接時(shí)間點(diǎn)的名詞詞組，不僅表示行為或狀態(tài)接時(shí)間點(diǎn)的名詞詞組，不僅表示行為或狀態(tài) 的起始點(diǎn)，而且還強(qiáng)調(diào)該行為或狀態(tài)從起始點(diǎn)一直持續(xù)到此時(shí)的起始點(diǎn)，而且還強(qiáng)調(diào)該行為或狀態(tài)從起始點(diǎn)一直持續(xù)到此時(shí) 此刻，因而與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。此刻，因而與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。 Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life

5、and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement. My younger sister began to learn dancing from the age of five. He has been working in Tibet since he graduated from college.三、工具、手段、方式介詞三、工具、手段、方式介詞1.by，in，on三詞都表示旅行的方式。三詞都表示旅行的方式。 名詞前有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等時(shí)用名詞前有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等時(shí)用on/in。 travel to N

6、ew York in this plane；go to school on my bike 【說明】步行、騎馬、騎駱駝均用【說明】步行、騎馬、騎駱駝均用on。 on foot，on horseback, on a horse，on the camel2.with，by，in三詞均譯為三詞均譯為“用用”，表示行為的工具、手段或方式。，表示行為的工具、手段或方式。 They are digging with a pick/spade. by hand；in ink in English/Japanese 四、原因介詞四、原因介詞 She often hangs her head for shame

7、. He went red with anger. The sports meet will be put off till next Saturday because_of the heavy rain. His illness was due_to smoking and drinking. Thanks_to the Partys good policy，the farmers are now living a happy and rich life.五、介詞與某些詞類的搭配五、介詞與某些詞類的搭配1.名詞與介詞的固定搭配名詞與介詞的固定搭配 (1)常與常與to搭配的名詞：搭配的名詞：k

8、ey，answer，visit，apology， introduction (2)常與常與in搭配的名詞：搭配的名詞：interest，satisfaction，expert (3)常與常與on搭配的名詞：搭配的名詞：mercy，congratulation (4)常與其他介詞搭配的名詞：常與其他介詞搭配的名詞：prize for，respect for，victory over，struggle with2.形容詞與介詞的固定搭配形容詞與介詞的固定搭配 (1)與與at搭配的形容詞：搭配的形容詞：afraid，angry，good，bad，clever， surprised，excited，p

9、uzzled，frightened (2)與與of搭配的形容詞：搭配的形容詞：afraid，sure，certain，full，tired， fond，proud，worthy (3)與與with搭配的形容詞：搭配的形容詞：angry，strict，careful，busy， popular(4)與與in搭配的形容詞：搭配的形容詞：weak，strict，rich，interested，successful(5)與與to搭配的形容詞：搭配的形容詞：next，good，polite，kind，cruel，rude， known，married，close，similar，due(6)與與for搭

10、配的形容詞：搭配的形容詞：sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager， anxious，hungry(7)與與from搭配的形容詞：搭配的形容詞：far，different，free，safe，absent， tired(8)與與about搭配的形容詞：搭配的形容詞：sorry，worried，anxious，careful， sure，certain【注】【注】同一形容詞與不同的介詞搭配其含義會(huì)不同。同一形容詞與不同的介詞搭配其含義會(huì)不同。 of抽象名詞形容詞抽象名詞形容詞of great valuevery valuableof no useuselessa man of w

11、ealtha wealthy manto與情感名詞連用，表示與情感名詞連用，表示“某種行動(dòng)后產(chǎn)生的感覺某種行動(dòng)后產(chǎn)生的感覺”： Much to my joy，he was quite from danger. at與某些名詞搭配表示與某些名詞搭配表示“一一就就” at the sight ofat the thought of過關(guān)落實(shí)過關(guān)落實(shí)1.The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting. A.on B.for C.about D.with 解析：解析：suggest a date forsuggest a date for為為( (

12、某事某事) )提議一個(gè)日期。提議一個(gè)日期。 答案：答案：B 2.Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days. A.for B.except C.besides D.with 解析：解析：besidesbesides同同as well as as well as 或或in addition toin addition to，表示，表示“除除 之外還有之外還有”。 答案：答案：C3.Experts have been warning _ of the health risks caused by passive smok

13、ing. A.at a time B.at one time C.for some time D.for the time 解析：解析：forforsome timesome time表示表示“有一段時(shí)間有一段時(shí)間”。 答案：答案：C 4.I think he is taking an active part in social work. I agree with you _. A.in a way B.on the way C.by the way D.in the way 解析：解析：in a wayin a way在某種程度上。在某種程度上。 答案：答案：A5.This is a ju

14、nior school.You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age. A.for B.about C.from D.to 解析：解析：forfor此處意為此處意為“( (專門專門) )為為( (你這個(gè)年齡的女孩子們準(zhǔn)備的你這個(gè)年齡的女孩子們準(zhǔn)備的)”)”。 答案：答案：A 6.Although _ my opinion，the old professor didnt come up with his own. A.against B.on C.for D.in 解析：解析：againstagainst在本句中表示在本句中表示“反對(duì)，

15、不贊同反對(duì)，不贊同”。 答案：答案：A7.Fred，who had expected how it would go with his daughter， had a great worry _ his mind. A.on B.in C.with D.at 解析：解析：have.on/upon ones mindhave.on/upon ones mind表表“關(guān)心，為關(guān)心，為擔(dān)心擔(dān)心”。 答案：答案：A 8.Its quite _ me why such things have been allowed to happen. A.for B.behind C.against D.beyon

16、d 解析：解析：Its beyond sb.Its beyond sb.意為意為“某人不能明白某人不能明白”；beyondbeyond意為意為“( (程程 度度) )超出，為超出，為所不及所不及”。 答案：答案：D9.When do we need to pay the balance? _ September 30. A.In B.By C.During D.Within 解析：解析：byby此處意為此處意為“( (時(shí)間時(shí)間) )在在之前，不遲于之前，不遲于”。 答案：答案：B 10.My sister was against my suggestion while my brother w

17、as _ it. A.in honour of B.in memory of C.in favour of D.in search of 解析：解析：in honourin honour of of 意為意為“尊敬尊敬”；in memory of in memory of 表表“為了紀(jì)為了紀(jì) 念念”；in search of in search of 指指“為了尋找為了尋找”；in favourin favour of of 則為則為“贊贊成、成、 擁護(hù)、支持擁護(hù)、支持”，與，與againstagainst相對(duì)。相對(duì)。 答案：答案：C11.I am afraid that I wont be

18、able to spend the weekend with you in Dalian._，I have no money and for another I am too busy. A.After all B.For one thing C.Above all D.As well 解析：解析：for one thing.for one thing.，for another.(for another.(用以陳述理由或用以陳述理由或 觀點(diǎn)觀點(diǎn)) )一則一則，再則，再則。 答案：答案：B 12.He hesitated，wondering if he had asked too much _ the lady. A.from B.of C.for D.to 解析：解析：ask sth.ofask sth.of sb. sb.期望，要求；期望，要求；ask too much of sb.ask too much of sb.要要 求過高。求過高。